The article is the result of the research on the practice of applying a protective
measure in the form of placement in a forensic psychiatric facility
an insane perpetrator, before and after July ...1st, 2015. The purpose of the
research was to determine whether and how outpatient protective measures
influenced the practice of applying psychiatric detention in case of
insane persons, in particular, whether outpatient treatment is used instead
of placement in a psychiatric facility in the case of committing offences
with a lower degree of social harmfulness. The purpose of the research
on the procedural law was to determine whether the judicature of the
Supreme Court emphasizing the procedural standard in cases concerning
the discontinuation of proceedings against an insane perpetrator affected
the observance of procedural guarantees of insane perpetrators in criminal
proceedings. The conclusions of the research are based on the statistical
data of the Ministry of Justice, the General Prosecutor’s Office and the
file research. The conclusions of the research are as follows: there was no significant change concerning the practice of imposing placement in
a psychiatric facility on insane perpetrators after July 1st, 2015. The types
of prohibited acts the commission of which justify placing the perpetrator
in a psychiatric facility have not changed significantly. On the other
hand, the procedural guarantees of the insane perpetrator are respected
to a slightly higher degree at present. Therefore, it should be considered
whether the conditions for the application of placement in a psychiatric
facility should not be restricted only to a situation where the perpetrator
poses a threat to selected, most important legal goods.
The article is dedicated to the jubilee event - the 95th anniversary of a world-famous scientist, an outstanding figure in the national medical science, one of the pioneer organizers of healthcare ...and the creators of the nuclear shield of our country, our Teacher – Academician Leonid Andreyevich Ilyin.
This study addresses the contribution of worker representation to health and safety in the pandemic context. To do so, we examine whether the self-reported presence of representatives in workplaces ...is associated with the implementation of anti-COVID-19 protective action and with which type of measures their existence is most strongly associated (individual, collective or organizational). The article also explores how the presence of worker representatives and anti-COVID-19 protective measures are distributed according to workers' socio-professional characteristics and company features.
This is a cross-sectional study based on an online survey conducted in Spain (n = 19,452 workers). Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used for the multivariate description while the association between worker representation and protective measures was assessed by robust Poisson regressions.
The maps resulting from the Multiple Correspondence Analysis allow for the identification of patterns of inequalities in protection, with a clear occupational social class divide. The regression models show that protective measures are applied more frequently where worker representatives exist, this association being particularly strong in relation to organizational measures.
The presence of worker representation is systematically associated with a greater presence of protective measures, which could have implications for the reduction of social inequalities resulting from labor-management practices.
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting disease Covid-19 has killed over 2 million people as of January 22, 2021. We have designed a model and used it to quantify the effect of a 6 p.m curfew on ...the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Toulouse, France. The data show that this measure can lead to the opposite effect from that intended due to larger groups of people on the authorized hours.
Whistleblower protection Facundo Galeano
Revista de derecho (Universidad de Montevideo (1997- ). Facultad de Derecho),
06/2019, Letnik:
18, Številka:
35
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper consists in the analysis of the corruption in Uruguay and how the whistleblower protection could be the key to fighting against it. Beginning with the importance of the whistleblower ...protection to fighting corruption in a general aspect, the analysis is focused in the actual situation of Uruguay regarding to the existence of corruptive practices, its anti-corruption legal framework and international commitments, the mechanisms of review of the international organizations and how Uruguay is not fulfilling its commitments about the protection of whistleblowers, ending with some of the barriers that make the fight against corruption so hard in Uruguay, and the reasons why improving the whistleblowers protection is the one of the best solution to fighting corruption.
Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks by healthy individuals for prevention has been attracting public attention. However, efficacy depends on proper usage. We set out ...to determine the prevalence of wearing masks to prevent COVID-19 and compliance with appropriate measures for the correct use of face masks among the general public in Japan where wearing medical masks is a "cultural" normality. This cross-sectional study was based on an internet-based survey completed by 2141 people (50.8% men, aged 20-79 years) who were selected among registrants of an Internet research company between 1 April and 6 April 2020. Participants were asked to indicate how often they wore masks for prevention and to what extent they practiced appropriate measures suggested by the World Health Organization. The prevalence of wearing masks was 80.9% and compliance rates with appropriate measures ranged from 38.3% to 83.5%. Only 23.1% complied with all recommendations. Compliance rates were overall low in men and persons with low household incomes. Our results, hence show that many citizens implement inaccurate measures when using face masks. Therefore, providing guidance on correct usage is essential when encouraging the use of face masks to prevent COVID-19.
Future climate change will have severe impacts on the geographic distribution of species, likely leading to shifts in their suitable habitat and eventually to the extinction of some species whose ...distribution areas are restricted. However, some species may respond differently to climate change. In this study we model the current and future potential habitats of three
Juniperus
species with different population trends:
J. jaliscana
,
J. monticola
and
J. pinchotii
. Occurrence records were collected across their distribution, combined with environmental and topographical variables to generate a MaxEnt model of the potential distributions in the years 2050 and 2070. The most important environmental variables were precipitation of wettest quarter for
J. jaliscana
, maximum temperature of warmest month for
J. monticola
, and mean temperature of coldest quarter for
J. pinchotii
. Our results showed that the habitat suitability of these three
Juniperus
species decreased overall by more than 50% under the climate change scenarios. These findings contributed to a better understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecological distribution of these species and could inform decisions regarding to their conservation, and management, and sustainable use strategies, as well as to implement active ex situ conservation strategies.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, France underwent several lockdown periods during 2020. Our aim was to evaluate its clinical and social impact on lung transplant (LT) patients treated at Strasbourg ...University Hospital, by comparing three periods: first lockdown (T1: March-May 2020), end of the first lockdown (T2: May-October 2020), and second lockdown (T3: November-December 2020) and the incidence of COVID-19 infections. A cohort of patients with rare lung disease (RLD) was also studied during T2.
We used clinical and paraclinical data collected during routine follow-up. A questionnaire was submitted to each patient at each period to assess their lifestyle, adherence to protective measures against COVID-19, contacts with their family and friends, and contagion risk. The incidence of new COVID-19 cases was also assessed.
Overall, 283 LT and 57 RLD patients were included. We observed only eight COVID-19 cases over the three periods (n = 4 during T1, n = 0 during T2, and n = 4 during T3) in LT patients, with 37.5 % of patients hospitalized, no ICU transfers, and 100 % favorable outcomes. No case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in the RLD cohort. When comparing the three periods in the LT group, fewer patients limited their out-of-home activities during T2 (p < 0.0001). The frequency of these activities increased after the first lockdown, for the purchase of basic necessities (p < 0.0001), and professional activity continued (p = 0.008). We observed a significant increase in unscheduled medical consultations and in the prescription of anti-infective treatments during the end of the lockdown (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.005, respectively). Adherence to lockdown and to protective measures was high in both groups of patients.
COVID-19 incidence remained low in both groups and there were significant lifestyle evolutions in LT patients and in those with RLD between first and second lockdown.
COVID-19is around the world. We attempt to apply three-step method in ISO/IEC Guide 51: 2014 to COVID-19 infection control in theworkplace. The results show that the COVID-19 infection control ...measuresinclude the eradication of the virus, the destruction of infectivity, thedetoxification and weakening and the elimination of opportunities for infectionas “Inherently Safe Design Measures”, the avoidance of contact as “Safeguardingand Complementary Protective Measures” and the reduction of contact and theavoidance of seriousness as “Information for Use”. Among these specificmeasures, the New Normal, especially in the manufacturing industries, would be “telecommuting”and “unmanned workplaces”, which are part of the elimination of opportunitiesfor infection, and “changes in flow lines” and “changes in airflow”, which arepart of the avoidance of contact. Where “telecommuting” and “unmannedworkplaces” are feasible, they should be implemented as much as possible, andwhere they are not, attempts should be made to minimize human-to-human contactby “changes in flow lines”. In addition, in the area of “changes in airflow”,there are high expectations for future research on how to establish aventilation design for COVID-19, in which but also the source would be workersthemselves, not only combustible gases and toxic gases.
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