Abstract
This article presents tools used in the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) which are useful when assessing the evolution direction of technical systems. The following matters are ...discussed: the S-shaped curve, laws (trends and lines) of the evolution of technical systems, multi-screen diagrams, as well as analysis of evolutionary potential. Inventive laws formulated by Gienrich Altshuller as well as laws previously formulated by a Polish writer and promoter of knowledge, Aleksander Głowacki, writing under the pen name Bolesław Prus, have been presented. Finally the innovation roadmaps have been shown. The use of individual tools has been supported by practical examples taken from research performed by the authors, and the usefulness of individual methods was evaluated. All methods have been compared and evaluated.
Škljocavi palac u djece Pavljak, Lucija; Bulić, Krešimir; Antabak, Anko
Liječnički vjesnik,
05/2019, Letnik:
141, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Prirodan tijek bolesti kod škljocavog palca u djece još je predmet neslaganja, a sukladno tomu i preporuke za liječenje znatno se razlikuju te ne postoje jasne i široko prihvaćene smjernice. Ovim ...radom pokušali smo dati trenutačni literaturni pregled spoznaja o tijeku bolesti te dijagnostičkim i terapijskim mogućnostima s naglaskom
na konačnom ishodu liječenja. Škljocavi palac jedna je od najčešćih anomalija dječje šake i uglavnom se vidi u djece predškolske dobi. Karakteristično je otežano klizanje tetive fleksora policisa longusa kroz njezinu ovojnicu, što je posljedica anatomskog nesklada njihovih veličina. Tipičan klinički nalaz jest palac fiksiran u fleksijskoj kontrakturi, na razini interfalangealnog zgloba. Prvi opis dao je Notta, čije ime i danas nosi palpabilna masa tetive fleksora policisa longusa u području A1 pulleya. Dijagnoza se obično postavlja temeljem anamneze i fizikalnog pregleda, uz ultrazvuk kao korisno rano dijagnostičko sredstvo. Škljocavi palac dijagnostički treba razlučiti od dislokacije,
frakture ili anomalije poznate kao deformacija palca u dlanu. Klinička istraživanja poboljšala su razumijevanje i benignost prirodnog tijeka bolesti. Terapijski postupak ovisi o izboru roditelja i liječnika. On može biti konzervativan, s pomoću udlage i izvođenjem vježba pasivne ekstenzije, ili kirurški, presijecanjem A1 pulleya, što pouzdano vraća pokretljivost interfalangealnog zgloba palca. Spontani oporavak može trajati godinama, no on pruža obiteljima voljnim čekanja mogućnost izbjegavanja stresa hospitalizacije i operacijskog liječenja.
Correct and rich professional and scientific terminology is an important contribution to the development and richness of the national languages. Within the scientific and professional terminology we ...can often find incorrect, missed or misinterpreted use of professional terms. In general, such ‘diversity’ of terms does not contribute to the quality and the development of the professional terminology. On the contrary, it demonstrates the lack of precision in scientific terminology, presence of definitions without scientific background and/or overlooked original etymology of individual terms. We are witnessing the attempts of replacement of terms and changes in professional terminology without scientifically sound arguments. Moreover, even at the university level the inappropriate use of technical / professional terms can be detected. An example of such embarrassments in Slovenian language is the use of the words' tla' and 'prst' in professional language. Terminological dispute can be considered as peripheral theme, even unnecessary, however it has a much broader and more important dimension. Namely, confusion in the technical language is also appearing in translations of the European legislation. The Slovenian versions of some EU legal documents are semantically ambiguous and inadequate and, thus do not reflect the correct meaning of source texts due to missed translations. The latter can evolve in a problem and has to be adjusted. The paper presents the soil science terminological inconsistencies, explains and arguments the reasons for use of selected basic soil science terms in Slovenian language. Additionally, it recalls the etymology of the popular terms ‘prst’ and ‘zemlja’, compares the situation in number of European languages and, most importantly, suggests the appropriate use of terms in professional/scientific language, in education and for translation purposes.
DoS(Denial of Service) or DDoS(Distributed DoS) attack is a major threaten and the most difficult problem to solve among many attacks. Moreover, it is very difficult to find a real origin of ...attackers because DoS/DDoS attacker uses spoofed IP addresses. To solve this problem, we propose a probabilistic route selection traceback algorithm, namely PRST, to trace the attacker’s real origin. This algorithm uses two types of packets such as an agent packet and a reply agent packet. The agent packet is in use to find the attacker’s real origin and the reply agent packet is in use to notify to a victim that the agent packet is reached the edge router of the attacker. After attacks occur, the victim generates the agent packet and sends it to a victim’s edge router. The attacker’s edge router received the agent packet generates the reply agent packet and send it to the victim. The agent packet and the reply agent packet is forwarded refer to probabilistic packet forwarding table (PPFT) by routers. The PRST algorithm runs on the distributed routers and PPFT is stored and managed by routers. We validate PRST algorithm by using mathematical approach based on Poisson distribution.
Eleven independent, recessive, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutations that map to a ≈1- to 2-cM region of mouse chromosome (Chr) 7 homologous to human Chr 11p14-p15 were recovered from a screen of ...1,218 gametes. These mutations were initially identified in a hemizygous state opposite a large p-locus deletion and subsequently were mapped to finer genomic intervals by crosses to a panel of smaller p deletions. The 11 mutations also were classified into seven complementation groups by pairwise crosses. Four complementation groups were defined by seven prenatally lethal mutations, including a group (17R3) comprised of two alleles of obvious differing severity. Two allelic mutations (at the psrt locus) result in a severe seizure and runting syndrome, but one mutation (at the fit2 locus) results in a more benign runting phenotype. This experiment has added seven loci, defined by phenotypes of presumed point mutations, to the genetic map of a small (1-2 cM) region of mouse Chr 7 and will facilitate the task of functional annotation of DNA sequence and transcription maps both in the mouse and the corresponding human 11p14-p15 homology region.
Amputacija prsta čest je javnozdravstveni problem koji je moguće spriječiti. Studija definira epidemiologiju amputacije prsta kako bi se utvrdili najvažniji čimbenici i predložila strategija ...prevencije. Studija je provedena 2015. u glavnoj sveučilišnoj ortopedskoj bolnici u Shirazu. U studiju su bili uključeni svi bolesnici s bilo kojom vrstom amputacije prsta. Za svakog bolesnika je popunjen i analiziran upitnik s demografskim podacima i tipom ozljede. Sudjelovalo je 100 bolesnika (92 muškarca i 9 žena, prosječne dobi 32.5 ± 18 godina). Najveći broj bolesnika bili su mlađi muškarci. Više od polovice (53 slučaja) pretrpjeli su ozljede na radu u vezi s radom. Amputacija prsta zbog nagnječenja u vratima bila je drugi najčešći uzrok amputacije (18 %). Približno 59 % ozlijeđenih navelo je nepažnju pri radu kao uzrok nezgode. Amputacije prsta desne ruke bile su brojčano jednake amputacijama na lijevoj ruci. Najviše je bilo amputacija kažiprsta (27 %) i srednjeg prsta (2 %). Utvrđeno je da su mlađi, slabije obrazovani muškarci te početnici na poslu podložni najvećem riziku od amputacije prstiju, naročito ako imaju povijest zlouporabe droga. Hitno je potrebno provesti sljedeće učinkovite mjere: veći nadzor, više programa osposobljavanja, otkrivanje ovisnosti o drogama i korištenje sigurnijih strojeva.
This paper describes the concept of workflow merge and methods for merging business processes. We append effect annotations to activities of business process, use RPSTs divided the process graph to ...fragments then accumulate these effects according to these SESE fragments, detect exact clone and approximate clone between the two process models, finally design a merging algorithm to consolidate two processes. It is shown that to avoid invalid merges, one choose merge unit is SESE fragments, we also raise issues of more complex merge problems, such as semantic annotations.
Solid-state disks (SSD) are expected to replace magnetic disks in servers and supercomputers due to its low electronic power, nonvolatile storage, and stability. But solid-state drivers must be ...erased before fresh data can be written, and erase operations are too consuming, which affects the performance of solid state drivers. In order to hide the erase-before-write characteristics of NAND flash memory, an intermediate software layer called a flash translation layer (FTL) is proposed. However, most existing flash translation schemes such as BAST and FAST will increase the number of full merge operations and degrade the performance of SSD. In this paper, we propose a new solid state driver management scheme called Page Write-Related Sector Translation which is based on workload characteristic. PRST finds write-related pages from I/O request history set and writes these pages into the same block, which reduces garbage collection overhead and response time. For Postmark and IOzone workload, Experiment results indicate that PRST reduces response time by 35% over BAST and 26% over FAST. For TPC-C workload, PRST reduces response time by 12% compared to BAST and 10% compared to FAST.
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