This study investigates the motivation configuration of bluxury tourism behavior. According to complexity theory and push and pull motivation theory, we establish a framework of complex configuration ...conditions, including push forces, pull forces, and constraints that lead to bluxury tourism. Based on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we identified seven main motivation configurations of bluxury tourism behavior covering three core factors: physical factors, seeking/exploration in push forces, and intangible factors in pull forces. In addition, combinations of constraints in the configuration demonstrate various paths leading to bluxury tourism behavior. These findings provide unique insight into bluxury tourism participation.
Urban green space (UGS) offers users multiple ecosystem services and amenities. This study investigated whether residents used UGS visitation in summer as a sustainable measure to tackle hot weather ...and associated climate-change impacts in humid-subtropical Hong Kong. Attributes of the indoor residential environment, seldom examined in park-visitation studies, were evaluated as push factors to visit UGS through a push–pull theoretical framework. A questionnaire survey of 483 respondents targeted urban park users. The results indicated that UGS visit frequency and stay duration were relatively low in hot summer. Ordinal multiple regression showed that indoor living conditions, residence location, living routine, and habit and personal health impacts were significantly correlated with UGS visits. Interdependence between push and pull factors was detected, demonstrating that intrinsic UGS environmental conditions could constrain UGS visits despite the motivations of push factors. The results indicated the need to improve the microclimate-regulating function in UGS. It could be achieved mainly by optimizing the nature-based design to promote UGS as an adaptive measure to combat the thermal stress brought by climate change. The findings yielded hints to shape visiting habits and suggestions to improve UGS management.
Trend backpackers is growing in various areas, including in Bali. Backpackers have been identified as having “a preference for budget accommodation, independently organized travel and emphasis on ...meeting other travellers, longer rather than brief holidays. The purpose of this research are to anlyses the push and pull factors that motivate the foreign backpacker tourists traveled to Bali. Sample on this research is 200 respondents of backpackers and using purposive sampling technique. Offline questionnaires are used for data collecting and the analysis technique is based on factor analysis. The results of research shows that the push factors backpackers traveled to Bali are (1) facilitation of social interaction, (2) self-identity, (3) relaxation, (4) prestige, (5) adventure (6) novelty. The push factor that dominantly is facilitation of social interaction. The pull factors are (1) cultural/historical, (2) affordable price, (3) variety seeking, (4) tourism facilities, (5) safety and clean, (6) environment. The pull factor that dominantly is Cultural / Historical.
This study investigates the visitors' satisfaction of Al Majaz Waterfront Park using the pull and push factor approach. The case study was selected as one of the most popular urban spaces for ...different activities in Sharjah. The main aim behind the study is to guide and support the development of the district, which can be taken as a reference for other public spaces. The paper presents the analysis of information collected based on a survey of 235 space users as well as seven specialized architects aiming for identifying possible pull and push factors in Al Majaz Waterfront urban space. The survey was designed to highlight the user's perception regarding the overall environment based on the user experience of the place. Responses were summarized and categorized in terms of several dimensions.As a result, the research found that the users expressed many comments and suggestions that can be used as of push and pull factors to determine their satisfaction with the Al Majaz Waterfront. Factors such as (1) Various outdoor activities for different groups of people, (2) Greenery and natural environment and (3) protected pathways and routes for users are examples on how simple changes and factors could make a space more attractive to visitors. The identified factors could be useful both for researchers and designers to identify and fulfill the users' satisfaction and visitor experience for the future preparation of public spaces in Sharjah and the UAE.
Aim: The number and distribution of health workers per capita are significant factors for countries to achieve their goals in the health sector. However, there is a global shortage of skilled health ...workers. The immigration of health professionals or their intention to emigrate is a critical problem, especially for source countries. This situation directly affects the access, equity, and quality of necessary health services. In this article, we discussed the intentions of physicians to emigrate and the factors that pull and push physicians, including the methods that can be applied. Method: It was designed as a descriptive and cross-sectional study in accordance with the research problem. A total of 504 physicians from Turkey participated in the study. The data were collected using a personal information form and a scale consisting of "Push Factors, Pull Factors, Negative Impacts of Migration, and Positive Impacts of Migration". Mean and standard deviation were used in the study. Results: The results indicate that physicians in Türkiye intend to emigrate. Also, physicians would prefer to emigrate to developed countries such as Germany, the USA, and England if they have the opportunity to leave Türkiye. Working and living conditions are the first factors pushing them, followed by the phenomenon of violence in healthcare. The participants think that if they emigrate, new physicians in Turkey cannot be replaced quickly, and this will further increase the heavy workload of their colleagues. Conclusion: Considering these results, it is necessary to develop policies for trained healthcare workers to work in source countries and to reduce the level of the emigration tendency of health workers, especially in developing countries such as Türkiye. In particular, these policies should include micro and macro policies related to violence in healthcare and the improvement of working conditions. Otherwise, the effective, efficient, and interrupted delivery of health services may be disrupted.
Cross-border commuting might be a way to improve an efficient allocation of labour resources, improve the economic performance of border regions and reduce economic and territorial inequality. This ...study explores the impact of a set of socio-economic, infrastructural or cultural explanatory variables that drive cross-border commuting in the EU and Switzerland for all outgoing commuters from living countries and for all incoming commuters towards their working countries. We find that cross-border commuters respond in general in the theoretically expected way to wages, unemployment, accessibility, language similarity and distance. But besides these general findings we also find that, in the end, cross-border commuting is a result of push and pull factors that seem to work out differently for different groups of commuters. This may reduce the inequality at the region level both between countries and within countries, although the effects are most likely small given the relatively small number of commuters. However, the results by gender, age, education and sector show substantial differences indicating that at the level of individuals and specific groups the reduction in inequalities might be very limited and may even increase.
•EU border regions cover 40% of EU territory.•Cross-border commuting increases over time, but is still a relatively small-scale phenomenon.•Cross-border commuting depends on economic, infrastructural and cultural factors.•Push and pull factors differ by gender, age, and education and by industrial sector.•Cross-border commuting can boost economic growth, integration and cohesion in EU border regions.
The growth of the air transport industry has been accompanied by various crises including aircraft incidents and accidents, terrorist attacks, and pandemics such as COVID-19. These crises to a great ...extent affect air travelers' motivation, which in turn affects the air travel demand that justifies airlines' legitimate existence and sustainability. However, there has been relatively little research into understanding air travelers' motivation during and after such crises, despite some studies having been conducted in the tourism domain to understand the motivation of tourists to travel to specific destinations. An enhanced knowledge in this field is important and would benefit the airline industry, which is facing increasing competition from other transportation modes as well online conferencing technologies. By applying the Push and Pull Factor model, this study has sought to identify the travel motivation and further determine whether Push factors have any positive influence on Pull factors. To this end, 760 questionnaires were collected from Taiwan. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. Our findings reveal that the Destination image remains the most influential Pull factor, while Aviation-specific products and services is the least attractive Pull factor. Self-realization/achievement topped the rankings for the Push factors, while Flying experience was a selling point in its own right among the Push factors, although it was not as appealing as anticipated. The millennium generation, fewer frequent flyers and low-income consumers are more likely to take advantage of flying deals. This paper suggests that a more collaborative approach between airlines, airports and destination organizations could be adopted to design and promote tailor-made aviation and travel products to stimulate segmented consumers’ demand for air travel during crises. Effective marketing strategies need to be in place to promote the specially-designed travel products.
•Push and Pull model applied to identify factors affecting air travellers' motivation during pandemic.•Destination image is most influential.•Flying experience and aviation specific product and service is less effective.•Segments with certain demographic features have strongest desire to fly.•Collaborative marketing strategies and tailor-made products could be devleoped.
The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the interrelationships between push and pull factors associated with the consumption of women’s professional basketball games. Multiple ...factors pertaining to sport consumers’ internal needs, identified as “push” factors, contain various intangible socio-psychological motivations representing an individual’s intrinsic desires that drive consumers toward certain goal-driven behaviors. On the other hand, “pull” factors, related to the supply side, refer to the different aspects of sport products the management of sport teams provides. It is imperative to obtain a better understanding of the push–pull interaction so that sport marketers can design their products to satisfy spectators’ expectations with different needs. Spectators (
N
= 628) attending WNBA games responded to an on-site survey. CFA was conducted to ensure the psychometric properties of the scales, which showed that the overall model fit the data well. A canonical correlation analysis was performed, and two significant functions were revealed by the dimension reduction analysis. The first function
F
(40,2,683) = 4.49,
p
< 0.001: I-Want-Everything-Consumer suggests that the market segment comprises individuals with multiple needs (ranged from 0.55 to 0.85) and expectations (ranged from 0.55 to 0.89), both of which need to be met simultaneously. Thus, sports marketers can satisfy WNBA consumers’ needs by enhancing the quality of tangible pull factors. The second function
F
(28,2,222) = 2.38,
p
< 0.001: Achievement-Seekers revealed that the consumers motivated by vicarious achievement (–0.59) expect game promotion (–0.55) rather than the quality of the opposing team (0.42), indicating that sport marketers should provide tailored promotional strategies to satisfy this segment of consumers. Specifically, the findings of this study can be used to segment consumers based upon fan motives (i.e., push factors) and position products accordingly by managing the controllable aspects of sport products (i.e., pull factors). This study provides empirical evidence of the relationship between WNBA consumers’ multiple needs and attributes associated with the WNBA core product.
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