This study examined Chinese cigar tourists' motivations for visiting Cuba. Six push factors and five pull factors were identified using a push-pull factor framework. The effects of travel ...motivations, personal values, and destination familiarity on tourist loyalty were examined using a sample of 348 Chinese cigar tourists. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that unique experience seeking (a push factor) and destination-specific attractions and socialistic nostalgia (pull factors) predicted revisit intention; socialistic nostalgia also predicted willingness to recommend. Destination familiarity was found to influence revisit intention but not willingness to recommend. Personal values appeared unrelated to tourist loyalty.
Patient decision-making concerning therapy choice has been thoroughly investigated in the Push/Pull framework: factors pushing the patient away from biomedicine and those pulling them towards ...Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). Others have examined lay etiology as a potential factor in CAM use. We conducted semi-structured interviews with patients employing only biomedicine and those using CAM. The coded and segmented data was quantified and modelled using epistemic network analysis (ENA) to explore what effects push/pull factors and etiology had on the decision-making processes.There was a marked difference between our two subsamples concerning push factors: although both groups exhibited similar scaled relative code frequencies, the CAM network models were more interconnected, indicating that CAM users expressed dissatisfaction with a wider array of phenomena. Among pull factors, a preference for natural therapies accounted for differences between groups but did not retain a strong connection to rejecting conventional treatments. Etiology, particularly adherence to vitalism, was also a critical factor in both choice of therapy and rejection of biomedical treatments. Push factors had a crucial influence on decision-making, not as individual entities, but as a constellation of experienced phenomena. Belief in vitalism affects the patient’s explanatory model of illness, changing the interpretation of other etiological factors and illness itself. Scrutinizing individual push/pull factors or etiology does not explain therapeutic choices; it is from their interplay that decisions arise. Our unified, qualitative-andquantitative methodological approach offers novel insight into decision-making by displaying connections among codes within patient narratives.
We evaluate the intention to revisit a music festival, taking into account the Push factors (motivational factors), the Pull factors (the attributes of the destination) and the satisfaction level. We ...used a sample of 1179 answers. Our results show that the intention to return to this the event is influenced by the sociodemographic characteristics of the visitor, by the Push factors (the past experience with the festival), the Pull factors (visit to the city's heritage and the festival's attributes) and also the high levels of satisfaction. These results will be very useful to the organizers and local entities in order to define communication and marketing strategies. It will also attract a recurring audience that, in addition to the participation in the event, will also become involved with the city. In the context of the competition between tourism destinations, this information can be used by the different stakeholders to improve the success and impact of the event.
Why are certain labour markets more resilient to economic shocks? Why are some economies deeply affected by migration? Modern migration theory remains based on simplistic neo-classical utility ...maximizing assumptions, despite a failure to fully answer real-world migration questions. The aim of this paper is to show that neo-classical dynamics are differentiated between subpopulations that make up the workforce. Using disaggregated data from Germany and a dynamic spatial vector autoregressive model that allows for spillovers, the paper teases out several aspects of regional labour market resilience. Results highlight that regions stand to benefit from supporting place-specific policies tailored to local circumstances.
Increasing number of people is becoming more active in park visitation and ecotourism. It is therefore important for park managers to understand future trends in visitor use of parks. This research ...paper is designed to understand the motivational factors or the psychological reasons why people visit parks in order to create the suitable marketing campaign to target them. As well as that, it discovers the facilities and attractions of parks that are most important to the visitors, so that the management of parts can disburse its resources in the best areas to achieve maximum output and return. Furthermore, the research aims to find the best communication channels for tourism destinations to reach its target audience so that its marketing expenditure can yield the maximum return. A survey with 228 participants who have visited Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens in the last 12 months was conducted. The research result will be critical for the adaptive management of parks and for building the capacity to manage changes and shifts in visitation patterns and park usage. Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens would take advantage of this trend and secure a substantial proportion of the new park visitors.
This paper presents the findings of the push and pull factors that cause professionals to leave academia. Previous research has mostly focused on academic professionals’ intent to leave their current ...organisations and largely neglected occupational turnover, that is, the cases where faculty abandon an academic career. The study included 40 semi-structured interviews and a national survey (
N
= 410) conducted in 2017. The interviewees consisted of three groups: previous faculty members who left academia, members of universities’ upper management (deans, vice-rectors and HR managers) and upper managers and HR managers of public and private organisations employing previous academic faculty members. The survey was sent to all scholars who had left academia in Finland during 2010–2015. The qualitative empirical analysis suggests that most of the internal push factors that caused the academic professionals to leave were inversed external pull factors that lured them away from academia. However, it also hints that in many cases, certain individual factors seem to mediate the two. In practice this means that individual factors, such as lack of interest in research and/or teaching and unwillingness to compete in some positions, also contribute to the decision to leave academia.
Sex work is a commonplace form of work that is variably tolerated, or not, worldwide. Perceived by many to be a complex social issue, sex work is interpreted and performed differently, depending on ...the political, religious, cultural, and legal context; all of which shape the dominant cultural narrative of stigmatising perceptions of sex workers. The aim of this discussion paper is to outline our reflections and offer some arguments on the challenges and opportunities of addressing sex work from an occupational perspective. We focus on three issues: the push and pull factors of sex work, a critical consideration of the common assumption that health can be promoted through occupation, and the contribution that occupational science can make to sex workers.
Tourism is an important industry for Malaysia, and home-stay accommodation businesses play a significant role in aiding the success of the tourism industry. The aim of this paper is to analyse the ...start-up motivation factors and business challenges for home-stay accommodation businesses. The data were gathered from a survey of 1250 home-stay entrepreneurs in the country with a usable response rate of (n=853) or 68.24 per cent was achieved, and was analysed descriptively. To get more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon, interviews with selected 35 home-stay accommodation entrepreneurs were also conducted. It was found that the main motivations of home-stay entrepreneurs are different to those of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) business in other sectors. The identification of motivational factors in this study provides a clearer account of what actually motivates entrepreneurs to ventures into home-stay accommodation businesses – an under researched area. The paper propose a revised model of motivations factors of home-stay accommodation entrepreneurs, which incorporates two distinct sets of push and pull factors – one that applies to the entrepreneurs of SMEs in other industry and one applies to entrepreneurs in home-stay accommodation tourism industry. The data also present the result of several key business challenges in this unique niche industry such as lack of service orientation, lack of facilities, safety concern, competition with incompliance unregistered home-stay operators and difficult to maintain optimum levels of cleanness. In addition to developing the theory on home-stay accommodation businesses, the findings of this paper will have relevance for policy making and supportive measures at the federal or state government levels to create an environment that will stimulate the competitiveness of SMEs in home-stay accommodation businesses in their attempts for business growth and key strategy for economic improvement.
Introduction
Since 2019, Lebanon is experiencing an unprecedented exodus of doctors, seriously threatening the national health system, which is expected to continue without quick and effective ...solutions. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the factors that push Lebanese doctors to migrate and the factors that retain others in the country. Additionally, this study aims to propose solutions to preserve an adequate supply of medical care amidst the crisis.
Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted using pre-developed guides. Purposive and snowball sampling was adopted to recruit physicians who emigrated and physicians staying in Lebanon. Transcripts of interviews and focus groups were coded using Dedoose software and analyzed through a combination of inductive and deductive approaches.
Results
Emigration was found to be the result of numerous interconnected factors. The main drivers for emigration were declining income, career problems, reduced quality of care, unhealthy work environment, and the deteriorated political and socio-economic contexts leading to instability and insecurity. As for the retention factors, they included affective attachment and sense of belonging to the professional environment and the country, followed by recognition and valorization at work. Several recommendations were developed to maintain quality of care delivery, including reforms of the health system, development of focused human resource retention strategies based on resource mapping evidence, negotiations with recruiting institutions to endorse the code ethics ending unethical practices draining countries' human resources, provision of financial incentives to doctors, and the recognition and valorization of physicians. Other rapid interventions were suggested, such as short-term medical missions to mitigate shortages in certain specialties, telemedicine, adaptation of recruitment processes to compensate for resources shortages in certain specialties, and adoption of task-shifting approaches to alleviate the workload on overburdened specialists.
Discussion
The findings of this study shed the light on the different factors influencing migration while framing them in the Lebanese context. These findings and recommendations should inform stakeholders and policy makers about the interventions needed to restore the quality of care. The feasibility and sustainability of most formulated recommendations depend on several factors, with political and socio-economic security and stability being the most crucial ones.
Aim
This study aimed to understand factors influencing decision making of older nurses around timing of retirement.
Background
Global nursing shortages require flexible nurse retention strategies.
...Methods
An explanatory sequential mixed‐method approach: nurses across seven health care organisations within one integrated care system responded to an online survey (n = 524). Semistructured interviews and a focus group were conducted (n = 19).
Results
Survey data confirmed age as a key factor influencing nurses' decision making. Factors associated with retention were flexible working conditions, financial considerations and feeling valued. Factors associated with attrition were poor or deteriorating health, stress and wish for more time with family and friends. Logit regression confirmed that flexible work patterns are the strongest predictors for working beyond retirement. Qualitative data revealed that retirement plans are accompanied by personal milestones; the work environment heavily influences these plans.
Conclusions
Reasons for retirement are multifaceted, but many factors are within the control of employers. Organisational policies, practices and workplace culture have a bearing on decisions surrounding the timing of retirement.
Implications for Nursing Management
Retention strategies that allow older nurses to work part‐time are key, and nurse managers need to proactively engage with older nurses to discuss their retirement plans.
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