Introduction: Nowadays, the quality of services, especially in high volume clients, such as financial and care services, has become increasingly important. Therefore, quality of service in accordance ...with professional standards and customer expectations is important and a first step for it is a quality improvement.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a quality management model for providing health care in Iran.
Method: In this study, the comparative method was used to evaluate the health care quality indicators in selected countries (America-England-Japan-Malaysia-Egypt) and to compare their health care strategies. Hospital managers and people responsible for improving hospital quality in Iran have been involved in this research (377 questionnaire were analyzed). The study lasted from September 2018 to September 2019. Maxqda software was used to classify the adaptive variables. Maxqda software was used to classify the adaptive variables. LISREL software were used- Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis- to identify the dimensions and validation of the mode .
Results: Twenty-four types of health care variables were identified from 6 countries. Exploratory factor analysis and questionnaire resulted in four general criteri: Quality Assurance, Quality Planning, Quality Control and Quality Improvement. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the identified dimensions are valid .
Conclusion: Considering that guarantee,control, planning and quality improvement have the highest impact respectively, continuous planning at the level of hospitals can lead to a significant increase in the quality of health care delivery.
The energy consumption of residential buildings represents a relevant portion of energy use at the global level. In some regions of old Europe, a large portion of the residential building stock was ...built in an era of low energy prices, without much attention to energy efficiency, local pollution, and greenhouse gases emissions. Today they can be renewed with energy-saving measures providing consistent benefits to the economy, air pollution, and climate. The paper shows how such energy-saving measures can be optimally planned when dealing with a regional domain, that presents a wide variety of urban conditions, construction styles, and localizations. The study builds upon the extensive dataset of individual building characteristics developed by Lombardy region in Northern Italy and proposes a plan that implements the regional directives already in force. The approach is based on the solution of a mathematical programming problem with two objectives. An efficient compromise solution is then selected considering all economic and environmental impacts. Such a preferred plan determines which actions should be undertaken, on which building types and in which municipality. The results suggest that the regional authorities should complement the current national policy with more specifically directed actions.
•Efficient regional plans for building renovation are defined solving an LP problem.•Trade-offs between economic, energy and environmental objectives are explored.•Sensitivity analysis shows the key role of the monetary valuation of CO2 emissions.•The benefit of the renovation plan may be of two to five billion euros in Lombardy.•Results suggest a modification of the current policy of uniform incentives.
The use of modelling tools to support decision-makers to plan air quality policies is now quite widespread in Europe. In this paper, the Regional Integrated Assessment Tool (RIAT+), which was ...designed to support policy-maker decision on optimal emission reduction measures to improve air quality at minimum costs, is applied to the Porto Urban Area (Portugal). In addition to technological measures, some local measures were included in the optimization process. Case study results are presented for a multi-objective approach focused on both NO
2
and PM10 control measures, assuming equivalent importance in the optimization process. The optimal set of air quality measures is capable to reduce simultaneously the annual average concentrations values of PM10 and NO
2
in 1.7 and 1.0 μg/m
3
, respectively. This paper illustrates how the tool could be used to prioritize policy objectives and help making informed decisions about reducing air pollution and improving public health.
Mathematical models are intensively used in environmental science for various reasons – status quo assessment, statistical modeling, forecasting, and planning, scenario analysis. Traffic flow and ...related atmospheric pollution modeling is one of the most complex challenges because of various aspects, - wide versa of affecting factors, daily, diurnal, weekly, monthly and yearly variability and non-stability of them. In the present study atmospheric model OSPM (Operational Street Pollution Model) is used to calculate NOx and PM10 concentration levels in the historical center (street canyon) of the city of Riga (Latvia) in order to make further assumptions (e.g., for the traffic load) for minimizing traffic induced air pollution in street canyons. In total five different scenarios were analyzed involving prioritizations of public transport, restrictions for old private cars or flow limitations in traffic jam situations during working days.
With the increase of pollutants discharged into the water, it is difficult to control the water environment pollution via reducing part of pollutant discharge. Therefore, the control method of ...pollutant total amount of water quality based on fuzzy mathematics is proposed. Firstly, a control framework and process of the pollutant total amount was built. The total amount of pollutant discharged into this region was controlled within a certain amount to achieve the predetermined environmental objective. Then, water pollution of different regions was evaluated via water quality model based on the fuzzy mathematics in the region or key protection domain with severe pollution and a concentrated pollution source, which makes the comprehensive evaluation of the water quality pollution more scientific. Finally, the control of pollutant total amount was completed via the optimized combination of point source control and unit control of total amount. Experimental results show that the method is scientific, objective and reasonable during controlling the pollutant discharge. It controls the pollutant total amount excellently.
In this paper, a new quality-oriented control approach for Value Engineering is proposed. It is reasonably applied within a Target Costing and Target Pricing concept in order to generate, maintain ...and process reliable data. On the basis of Target costs and prices, the approach determines the quality program of the relevant product core components as well as of the quality-related production stages. In order to provide decision support for various applications in business, this new approach is based on a discrete quality measure that allows for the mapping of multidimensional dependencies. After mathematically defining the underlying quality planning model, we propose an exact Dynamic Programming approach for determining optimal programs. It is shown that this procedure is strongly polynomial if the number of resulting intermediate product quality levels does not increase exponentially. Subsequently, in order to provide decision support for the level of real-time Value Engineering, a variance analysis scheme for examining the consequences of actual decisions is proposed. In addition to controlling and understanding the process of decision-making in sales and production departments, its iterative application makes it possible to systematically attain insights into the controlled processes and, in doing so, supports decision-oriented management accounting.
•A new Value Engineering procedure integrating Target Costing and Target Pricing.•Definition of an optimization model for product quality planning.•Proof of strong NP-hardness for the general case of the planning problem.•A Dynamic Programming solution procedure that generates optimal quality plans.•A variance analysis scheme provides managerial insight into the quality process.
Presented paper concentrate on problems connected with FMEA method usage in industrial enterprise. There is in the paper a description of the basic rules of FMEA method and competition between FMEA ...analysis and gap analysis. The analysis of defects has been done to find recommendations how to eliminate or restrain them. On the basis of conducted research we found that selection of staff to the team is very important factor in the FMEA analysis undertaking process. The staff should have appropriate level of knowledge about FMEA method methodology and other tools which are indispensable in the process of implementing this method within the company.
The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program has completed a number of water-quality prediction models for nitrogen and phosphorus for the conterminous United States as well ...as for regional areas of the nation. In addition to estimating water-quality conditions at unmonitored streams, the calibrated SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models can be used to produce estimates of yield, flow-weighted concentration, or load of constituents in water under various land-use condition, change, or resource management scenarios. A web-based decision support infrastructure has been developed to provide access to SPARROW simulation results on stream water-quality conditions and to offer sophisticated scenario testing capabilities for research and water-quality planning via a graphical user interface with familiar controls. The SPARROW decision support system (DSS) is delivered through a web browser over an Internet connection, making it widely accessible to the public in a format that allows users to easily display water-quality conditions and to describe, test, and share modeled scenarios of future conditions. SPARROW models currently supported by the DSS are based on the modified digital versions of the 1:500,000-scale River Reach File (RF1) and 1:100,000-scale National Hydrography Dataset (medium-resolution, NHDPlus) stream networks.
This study is intended to apply in universities Quality Planning Scheme approach integrating with Kano Model to propose a new integrated approach in order to optimize customer-focused service design ...in education, and to improve the quality of education. In this context, redesigning of the concept of service in universities and educational services provided there, considering student requests and needs and improvement of quality is discussed. Therefore, this study, to better understand conceptually and theoretically customer needs include the Kano Model and Quality Planning Scheme in order to develop the services to meet the customer needs in the most appropriate way. In addition, as a practical development of new integrated approach of educational institutions at the highest level which take place in university applications and as a customer of the university in the various customer groups only includes students as a basic customers. In this study, the methodology for the structure of the sample to determine the purposeful sampling of the types of "quota sampling" method, data collection techniques, as a qualitative research technique gemba and focus group studies, survey as a quantitative research technique was used.
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