This book investigates the discursive and performative strategies employed by Australian Indigenous rappers to make sense of the world and establish a position of authority over their identity and ...place in society. Focusing on the aesthetics, the language, and the performativity of Hip Hop, this book pays attention to the life stance, the philosophy, and the spiritual beliefs of Australian Indigenous Hip Hop artists as ‘glocal’ producers and consumers. With Hip Hop as its main point of analysis, the author investigates, interrogates, and challenges categories and preconceived ideas about the critical notions of authenticity, ‘Indigenous’ and dominant values, spiritual practices, and political activism. Maintaining the emphasis on the importance of adopting decolonizing research strategies, the author utilises qualitative and ethnographic methods of data collection, such as semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, participant observation, and fieldwork notes. Collaborators and participants shed light on some of the dynamics underlying their musical decisions and their view within discussions on representations of ‘Indigenous identity and politics’. Looking at the Indigenous rappers’ local and global aspirations, this study shows that, by counteracting hegemonic narratives through their unique stories, Indigenous rappers have utilised Hip Hop as an expressive means to empower themselves and their audiences, entertain, and revive their Elders’ culture in ways that are contextual to the society they live in.
Introduction: Culture on the Stage of History: The Past Is Present in ‘Indigenous Hip Hop’
Chapter 1: "The Black from Down-Unda": Contact Zones and Cultures of Black Resistance
Chapter 2: "2 Black 2 Strong": The Politics of Blackness and Identification
Chapter 3: ‘Indigenous Hip Hop’: The Politics of Identity and Representation
Chapter 4: "Know Our True Identity": Indigenous Articulations of Identity through Kin, Place, and Spirituality
Chapter 5: Hip Hop and Australian Indigenous Youth: New Modes of Political Participation
Conclusion: ‘Indigenous Hip Hop’: History in the making
"Hip Hop outside of the U.S. North American context has been largely mute for far too long. Yet, Hip Hop remains a powerful force throughout the globe. What Minestrelli has provided here is a window into the strong and current culture of Hip Hop within Australian contexts. This study examines the related history of Hip Hop within an indigenous context and provides the reader with an area of Hip Hop that is developing and connected to rich roots. Minestrelli’s work stands to be a cornerstone text in the field of Hip Hop Studies." — Daniel White Hodge, North Park University, USA
Chiara Minestrelli holds a PhD in Australian Indigenous studies from Monash University (2015). She is visiting professor in the Africana Studies Program at Lehigh University. She has published on Australian Indigenous literature and Hip Hop and Australian Indigenous Hip Hop.
Hip-Hop in Africa Clark, Msia Kibona; Williams, Quentin; Ampofo, Akosua Adomako
04/2018
eBook
Throughout Africa, artists use hip-hop both to describe their
lives and to create shared spaces for uncensored social commentary,
feminist challenges to patriarchy, and resistance against state
...institutions, while at the same time engaging with the global
hip-hop community. In Hip-Hop in Africa, Msia Kibona Clark
examines some of Africa's biggest hip-hop scenes and shows how
hip-hop helps us understand specifically African narratives of
social, political, and economic realities.
Clark looks at the use of hip-hop in protest, both as a means of
articulating social problems and as a tool for mobilizing listeners
around those problems. She also details the spread of hip-hop
culture in Africa following its emergence in the United States,
assessing the impact of urbanization and demographics on the spread
of hip-hop culture.
Hip-Hop in Africa is a tribute to a genre and its
artists as well as a timely examination that pushes the study of
music and diaspora in critical new directions. Accessibly written
by one of the foremost experts on African hip-hop, this book will
easily find its place in the classroom.
Mammalian cells are surrounded by neighbouring cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), which provide cells with structural support and mechanical cues that influence diverse biological processes
. The ...Hippo pathway effectors YAP (also known as YAP1) and TAZ (also known as WWTR1) are regulated by mechanical cues and mediate cellular responses to ECM stiffness
. Here we identified the Ras-related GTPase RAP2 as a key intracellular signal transducer that relays ECM rigidity signals to control mechanosensitive cellular activities through YAP and TAZ. RAP2 is activated by low ECM stiffness, and deletion of RAP2 blocks the regulation of YAP and TAZ by stiffness signals and promotes aberrant cell growth. Mechanistically, matrix stiffness acts through phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) to influence levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid, which activates RAP2 through PDZGEF1 and PDZGEF2 (also known as RAPGEF2 and RAPGEF6). At low stiffness, active RAP2 binds to and stimulates MAP4K4, MAP4K6, MAP4K7 and ARHGAP29, resulting in activation of LATS1 and LATS2 and inhibition of YAP and TAZ. RAP2, YAP and TAZ have pivotal roles in mechanoregulated transcription, as deletion of YAP and TAZ abolishes the ECM stiffness-responsive transcriptome. Our findings show that RAP2 is a molecular switch in mechanotransduction, thereby defining a mechanosignalling pathway from ECM stiffness to the nucleus.
How Hip Hop Became Hit Pop examines the programming practices at commercial radio stations in the 1980s and early 1990s to uncover how the radio industry facilitated hip hop’s introduction into the ...musical mainstream. Constructed primarily by the Top 40 radio format, the musical mainstream featured mostly white artists for mostly white audiences. With the introduction of hip hop to these programs, the radio industry was fundamentally altered, as stations struggled to incorporate the genre’s diverse audience. At the same time, as artists negotiated expanding audiences and industry pressure to make songs fit within the confines of radio formats, the sound of hip hop changed. Drawing from archival research, Amy Coddington shows how the racial structuring of the radio industry influenced the way hip hop was sold to the American public, and how the genre’s growing popularity transformed ideas about who constitutes the mainstream. “Here it is—bam! The definitive story of rap, race, radio, and marketplace during hip hop’s Golden Age. Amy Coddington combines an archivist’s rigor and a raconteur’s wit in documenting what those of us of a certain age remember but, perhaps, never fully grasped: how, amidst expanding racial inequalities and against all odds, rap music became the most popular genre in America.” — Anthony Kwame Harrison, author of Hip Hop Underground: The Integrity and Ethics of Racial Identification “Making use of trade publications that have received little scholarly attention, Coddington has crafted a provocative and lucid alternative history that tracks how the radio industry’s engagement with hip hop in the 1980s and 1990s both reflected and shaped changing ideas about race and music.” — Loren Kajikawa, author of Sounding Race in Rap Songs
Powered by a driving beat, clever lyrics, and assertive attitudes, rap music and hip hop culture have engrossed American youth since the mid-1980s. Although the first rappers were African Americans, ...rap and hip hop culture quickly spread to other ethnic groups who have added their own cultural elements to the music. Chicano Rap offers the first in-depth look at how Chicano/a youth have adopted and adapted rap music and hip hop culture to express their views on gender and violence, as well as on how Chicano/a youth fit into a globalizing world. Pancho McFarland examines over five hundred songs and seventy rap artists from all the major Chicano rap regions—San Diego, San Francisco and Northern California, Texas, and Chicago and the Midwest. He discusses the cultural, political, historical, and economic contexts in which Chicano rap has emerged and how these have shaped the violence and misogyny often expressed in Chicano rap and hip hop. In particular, he argues that the misogyny and violence of Chicano rap are direct outcomes of the “patriarchal dominance paradigm” that governs human relations in the United States. McFarland also explains how globalization, economic restructuring, and the conservative shift in national politics have affected Chicano/a youth and Chicano rap. He concludes with a look at how Xicana feminists, some Chicano rappers, and other cultural workers are striving to reach Chicano/a youth with a democratic, peaceful, empowering, and liberating message.
•A novel beneficiation method for treatment of RAP is introduced.•Beneficiation by AB&AT method improved the mechanical properties of aggregates.•Compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength of ...concrete increases significantly.•Incorporations of RAP enhanced the durability properties of concrete.
The presence of asphalt film around Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates has been reported as the main factor lowering the properties of RAP inclusive concrete. A novel Abrasion and Attrition (AB&AT) technique to improve the quality of RAP by removing the contaminant layers of dust and punching the asphalt film adhering to RAP aggregates is introduced in this paper. The effect of incorporating Dirty RAP (DRAP), Washed RAP (WRAP) and AB&AT treated RAP, on the fresh, mechanical and durability properties of concrete are also investigated and compared with each other. The mechanical properties of RAP aggregates were found to be increased significantly on processing with AB&AT method. Beneficiation of RAP by AB&AT method increased the compressive strength of concrete by 9.74% &12.71%, split tensile by 2.66% &12.21% and flexural strength by 6.05% & 8.55% as compared to WRAP and DRAP inclusive concrete. Incorporation of RAP into concrete mix improved workability & cohesiveness. Durability properties of concrete such as water absorption, initial rate of water absorption, total permeable voids and coefficient of water absorption were observed to be reduced for RAP inclusive concrete.
Notions of hip hop authenticity, as expressed both within hip hop communities and in the larger American culture, rely on the construction of the rapper as a Black, masculine, heterosexual, cisgender ...man who enacts a narrative of struggle and success. In Queer Voices in Hip Hop, Lauron J. Kehrer turns our attention to openly queer and trans rappers and positions them within a longer Black queer musical lineage. Combining musical, textual, and visual analysis with reception history, this book reclaims queer involvement in hip hop by tracing the genre’s beginnings within Black and Latinx queer music-making practices and spaces, demonstrating that queer and trans rappers draw on Ballroom and other cultural expressions particular to queer and trans communities of color in their work in order to articulate their subject positions. By centering the performances of openly queer and trans artists of color, Queer Voices in Hip Hop reclaims their work as essential to the development and persistence of hip hop in the United States as it tells the story of hip hop’s queer roots.
First messenger-dependent activation of MAP kinases in neuronal and endocrine cells is critical for cell differentiation and function and requires guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-mediated ...activation of downstream Ras family small GTPases, which ultimately lead to ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation. Because there are numerous GEFs and also a host of Ras family small GTPases, it is important to know which specific GEF–small GTPase dyad functions in a given cellular process. Here we investigated the upstream activators and downstream effectors of signaling via the GEF Epac2 in the neuroendocrine NS-1 cell line. Three cAMP sensors, Epac2, PKA, and neuritogenic cAMP sensor–Rapgef2, mediate distinct cellular outputs: p38-dependent growth arrest, cAMP response element–binding protein–dependent cell survival, and ERK-dependent neuritogenesis, respectively, in these cells. Previously, we found that cAMP-induced growth arrest of PC12 and NS-1 cells requires Epac2-dependent activation of p38 MAP kinase, which posed the important question of how Epac2 engages p38 without simultaneously activating other MAP kinases in neuronal and endocrine cells. We now show that the small GTP-binding protein Rap2A is the obligate effector for, and GEF substrate of, Epac2 in mediating growth arrest through p38 activation in NS-1 cells. This new pathway is distinctly parcellated from the G protein—coupled receptor → Gs → adenylate cyclase → cAMP → PKA → cAMP response element–binding protein pathway mediating cell survival and the G protein—coupled receptor → Gs → adenylate cyclase → cAMP → neuritogenic cAMP sensor–Rapgef2 → B-Raf → MEK → ERK pathway mediating neuritogenesis in NS-1 cells.
A simple, rapid and highly regioselective approach has been achieved for the cyclization of tetrahydronaphthalenes (THN) using α-bromoketones, resulting in the synthesis of benzobfurans with high ...yields. The reaction occurred in DMF in the presence of K2CO3, operating at a temperature of 80 °C. The yields of this reaction range from 61 % to 93 %.
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•Cyclization of tetrahydronaphthalenes (THN) using α-bromoketones with high regioselectivity.•Tetrahydronaphthalenes 1a-1b were reacted with diverse α-bromoketones in the presence of K2CO3 in DMF at 80 °C.•Reaction of Tetrahydronaphthalenes with various α-bromoketones lead to the formation of benzofurans.
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