With the increasing frequency of extreme weather events (EWEs) in recent years, the resilience of multi-energy systems (MESs) has received considerable attention. To improve the ability of MESs to ...withstand and recover rapidly from an EWE, this paper proposes a comprehensive resilience enhancement operation strategy for MESs considering the multi-stage recovery process and multi-energy coordination. Wherein, multi-stage recovery process throughout the pre-event stage, system disturbance stage, fast fault isolation stage, and remote-controlled service restoration stage are comprehensively considered and modeled in detail. Multiple resilience enhancement measures are adopted, and their coupling relationships at different stages are taken into account. In addition, an integrated energy flow model is developed to minimize the demand curtailment through coordination among different energy subsystems. The overall problem is established as a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model considering uncertainties of fault components. A customized progressive hedging algorithm (PHA) is further developed to reduce the computational burden caused by multiple scenarios. Case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution technique. Simulation results reveal that the combination of multiple restoration measures is essential to reduce the impacts of EWEs, and the coordination among different energy carriers can effectively improve the resilience of the overall MESs.
•A novel resilience enhancement model for multi-energy systems is proposed.•Multi-stage recovery process is comprehensively modeled as well as their coupling relationships.•Coordinated operation among different energy systems is considered.•A modified progress hedging algorithm is developed to reduce the computational burden.
Objective: To assess the influence of participation in spiritual activities on the recovery process of individuals with dual pathology. Methods: A descriptive observational study with a sample of 20 ...users treated internally in the Therapeutic Community: Ayuda a la Recuperación de Politoxicómanos de Málaga, in Málaga, Spain. Spirituality was assessed using the Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Questionnaire, which has been validated in Spanish, and the recovery process was examined through focus groups. Results: The mean spirituality score was 2.9 on a scale of 0-4, where 4 corresponds to "totally agree," based on statements about spirituality. The focus groups showed that users mostly associate spirituality with religion, not with ethics and morality, and that users in the recovery process desire to implement spiritual activities in their treatment. Conclusions: Performing spiritual activities positively impacts the recovery process of users with dual pathology.
Objetivos: medir el impacto de la participación en actividades espirituales en el proceso de recuperación de patología dual. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo con metodología mixta realizado con una muestra de 20 usuarios hombre, tratados en régimen interno en la Comunidad Terapéutica (CT): Ayuda a la Recuperación de Politoxicómanos de Málaga (ARPOM), en Málaga, España. La espiritualidad se ha medido según el Cuestionario de Espiritualidad de Parsian y Dunning validado al español; y el proceso de recuperación, a través de grupo focal. Resultados: la puntuación media de la espiritualidad ha sido de 2,9 en un rango de 0-4, donde 4 se corresponde a “totalmente de acuerdo” en base a afirmaciones realizadas sobre la espiritualidad. Los grupos focales mostraron que los usuarios en su mayoría asocian la espiritualidad a la religión, y no a la ética y moral; y que su deseo en el proceso de recuperación es implementar la realización de actividades espirituales en su tratamiento. Conclusiones: la realización de actividades espirituales influencia positivamente el proceso de recuperación de los usuarios con patología dual.
The recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) has critical resource and environmental benefits for the promotion of electric vehicles under carbon neutrality. However, different recovery ...processes will cause uncertain impacts especially when net-zero-carbon-emissions technologies are included. This paper investigates the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recovery processes for spent ternary LiBs in China based on life cycle assessment framework, then simulates the environmental impacts under different carbon neutrality scenarios, in which the decarbonization of electricity generation, the reconstruction of industrial processes, and the promotion of hydrogen are considered. Results suggest that the current environmental impacts of pyrometallurgical recovery process is greater than that of hydrometallurgical recovery process. Abiotic Depletion Potentials of resources and fossil fuels (ADP element, ADP fossil) and Human Toxicity Potentials are the main indicators that cause these differences. Besides, a multi-scenarios simulation is conducted considering the innovation of carbon neutral technology and expansion of EVs market. It is found that the improvement in energy structure and industrial processes will significantly affect the environmental performance of each recovery process. The pyrometallurgical recovery process has great potentials to improve environmental benefits with net-zero transition of energy system.
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Following a radiological or nuclear emergency, workers, responders and the public may be internally contaminated with radionuclides. Screening, monitoring and assessing any internal contamination and ...providing necessary medical treatment, especially when a large number of individuals are involved, is challenging. Experience gained and lessons learned from the management of previous incidents would help to identify gaps in knowledge and capabilities on preparedness for and response to radiation emergencies. In this paper, eight large-scale and five workplace radiological and nuclear incidents are reviewed cross 14 technical areas, under the broader topics of emergency preparedness, emergency response and recovery processes. The review findings suggest that 1) new strategies, algorithms and technologies are explored for rapid screening of large populations; 2) exposure assessment and dose estimation in emergency response and dose reconstruction in recovery process are supported by complementary sources of information, including ‘citizen science’; 3) surge capacity for monitoring and dose assessment is coordinated through national and international laboratory networks; 4) evidence-based guidelines for medical management and follow-up of internal contamination are urgently needed; 5) mechanisms for international and regional access to medical countermeasures are investigated and implemented; 6) long-term health and medical follow up programs are designed and justified; and 7) capabilities and capacity developed for emergency response are sustained through adequate resource allocation, routine non-emergency use of technical skills in regular exercises, training, and continuous improvement.
Ethane recovery from natural gas is crucial for improving the economic efficiency of enterprises, saving energy and reducing emissions. This study analyses the characteristics of process parameters ...based on three lean gas ethane recovery processes. A prediction and multiobjective optimization model for ethane recovery and system energy consumption is established. Based on this framework, a new method for ethane recovery process comparison for lean gas is proposed. In the process analysis, two additional coolers are added to the cold residue recycling process to improve ethane recovery. Seven main process parameters are determined based on the three processes. According to the prediction results, support vector regression is the most effective model among the individual models. The prediction accuracy of the support vector regression model based on grey wolf optimization is the highest. Compared with traditional support vector regression, this approach yields average reductions in the mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error of 63.95%, 64.21% and 47.98%, respectively, reflecting significantly improved prediction accuracy and stability. The multiobjective multiverse optimization algorithm displays the best optimization performance and the highest solution diversity among the optimization results. Additionally, it yields high-quality solutions at the shortest run time. Based on the optimization results, the supplemental rectification with compression process yields the lowest system energy consumption of any method considered and meets the ethane recovery requirements real projects.
•Three ethane recovery processes for lean gas are analysed.•A prediction model for ethane recovery based on GWO-SVR is proposed.•Three algorithms for solving the multiobjective optimization problem are developed.•The advantages and disadvantages of the models are compared.•A new method for comparison of ethane recovery processes for lean gas is proposed.
Water-responsive shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are desirable for biomedical applications, but their limited shape recovery process is problematic. Herein, we demonstrate a shape-memory poly(vinyl ...alcohol) (SM-PVA) with programmable multistep shape recovery processes in water via a wettability contrast strategy. A hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)-treated SiO2 nanoparticle layer with varying loading weights was rationally deposited onto the surface of SM-PVA, aiming to create surface-wettability contrast. The varying wettability led to different water adsorption behaviors of SM-PVA that could be well-described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results calculated from the kinetic model showed that both the pseudo-first order-adsorption rate constant and the saturated water absorption of SM-PVA demonstrated a declining trend as the loading weight of SiO2 increased, which laid the foundation for the local regulation of the water-responsive rate of SM-PVA. Finally, two proof-of-concept drug-delivery devices with diverse three-dimensional structures and actuations are presented based on the water-responsive SM-PVA with preprogrammed multistep shape recovery processes. We believe the programmable shape-memory behavior of water-responsive SM-PVA could highly extend its use in drug delivery, tissue engineering scaffolds, and smart implantable devices, etc.
Substrate inhibition is one of the key factors that threatens the stability of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) reactors. Most of the current studies have focused on the inhibition of anammox by ...substrates; however, little attention has been given to the recovery process and microbial community changes in anammox reactors after inhibition. To remediate the damage substrate inhibition can do to anammox systems, the study investigated the recovery process of an anammox reactor that was inhibited by high substrate concentrations. The results showed that a reduction in the ratio of influent NO2−-N to NH4+-N from the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of 1.32 to 0.5 was conducive to the rapid recovery of anammox system performance. The analysis of the microbial community structure indicated that the relative abundance of the primary anammox bacteria on the biofilm carriers and mixed sludge was 19.51 % and 9.92 %, respectively, after reactor recovery. Biofilms played an important role in resisting reactor destabilization.
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This paper examines the applicability of contingent behavior (hereafter, CB) method for analyzing dynamic processes and efficient policies in tourism demand recovery. The CB questionnaires used for ...this study used a hypothetical disaster situation of bird flu in Kyoto, Japan. Safety, event, visitor information, and price discounting policies were designed accordingly. Respondents were then asked about their willingness to travel time. The results showed the optimal timing for devising pertinent policies during the year. We found that the first step requires a safety information announcement, within one week, immediately after disaster site decontamination. The second step is the implementation of event information policy within 24th to 36th week after the disaster. The third step constitutes announcing visitor information within the 37th to 52nd week after the second step. The final step is the implementation of price discounting policy, until the 52nd week, immediately after the third step.
•The contingent behavior method is useful for analyzing the tourism demand recovery.•Announcing safety information would be most effective policy.•Income effects would change from negative to positive during the recovery process.•Optimal steps include safety, event, and visitor information, and price discounting.
This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate olfactory perception in patients with first time mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) 2-4 weeks (baseline) and 6 months (follow-up) following their trauma.
At ...baseline, we enrolled 107 participants (54 healthy controls; 53 patients with mTBI). Thirty-nine healthy controls and 32 patients with mTBI returned for follow-up. We assessed odor detection (yes/no paradigm) and odor perception with a self-reported evaluation of intensity and pleasantness of four common odorants, by using an olfactometer, i.e., a computer controlled automated odor presentation device.
At baseline, patients with mTBI showed significantly more difficulty detecting odors; however, they perceived them as more intense and less pleasant. These effects vanished at follow-up.
These results suggest that patients with mTBI suffer from altered olfactory detection and perception in the first weeks following their trauma. This may have an impact on eating behavior and quality of life. Further, our data suggest recovery of olfactory function within the first six months following a head trauma.
The purpose of this study was to analyze NASVA scores using Rasch analysis, and to create a difficulty map of NASVA score to predict the recovery process for persistent vegetative state, and to ...improve the fitness of the sub-items of NASVA score.
Participants were 114 inpatients (mean age, 37.4±20.4 years) who had been diagnosed with persistent vegetative state after a traffic accident. Rasch analysis was performed by an application named “winsteps”. This application produces a score table, an item measure of the sub-items containing an information-weighted mean square fit statistics (infit) and an outlier-sensitive mean square fit statistics (outfit) of the sub-items. First, I replaced NASVA score with the binary score. Rasch analysis provided a scaled score corresponding to the binary score. The raw score was the sum of the binary score of the sub-item. Then, I made the difficulty map using the scaled score that was calculated in winsteps as the item measure. Furthermore, I analyzed the fitness of the sub-items for the recovery process for persistent vegetative state using their infit and outfit. Here, I set 1.5 or more as misfits for infit or outfit of sub-items.
In the results of the fitness analysis, nine sub-items were identified as misfits: one motor function, three feeding functions, one excretory function, one cognitive function, and three articulatory and utterance functions.
Nine misfit sub-items had room for interpretation depending on the insufficient of the items description. Therefore, it was suggested that we improve the scale by removing sub-items from the NASVA score, or creating an interpretation manual. On the other hands, by making use of the difficulty map of NASVA score, the medical staff might be able to decide on the proper goals of rehabilitation and care according to the recovery process of the patient.
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