This study was designed to identify whether the position and size of the region of interest (ROI) influence extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurements. Patients with localized (n = 203) or ...infiltrative (n = 215) cardiomyopathies and 36 normal controls were enrolled in this study. ECV measurements at 4 different regions, including the anterior, septal, posterior and lateral wall regions, were measured, and all groups were compared. Regional ECV was correlated with the corresponding regional wall thickness. The diagnostic power to differentiate the myocardial abnormalities was evaluated for each myocardial region. ECVs measured using five different ROI sizes within each myocardial region were compared. Our results showed that ECVs varied among the myocardial regions, and this variation was significantly associated with regional wall thicknesses. For the detection of myocardial abnormalities, regional ECV revealed similar results as ECV derived from the whole region except for the anterior region. No significant difference was found in the ECVs measured using the five different ROI sizes. In conclusion, CMR-derived ECVs vary with myocardial region, and this variation is significantly associated with the regional wall thickness. In contrast, the measured size of the ROI has less of an effect on the ECV.
The European Union and the Arcticexamines the roles the EU can and should play in shaping Arctic governance to ensure sustainable development in the Arctic region.
Molecular understanding of neutralizing antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could accelerate vaccine design and drug discovery. We analyzed 294 ...anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and found that immunoglobulin G heavy-chain variable region 3-53 (IGHV3-53) is the most frequently used IGHV gene for targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Co-crystal structures of two IGHV3-53-neutralizing antibodies with RBD, with or without Fab CR3022, at 2.33- to 3.20-angstrom resolution revealed that the germline-encoded residues dominate recognition of the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding site. This binding mode limits the IGHV3-53 antibodies to short complementarity-determining region H3 loops but accommodates light-chain diversity. These IGHV3-53 antibodies show minimal affinity maturation and high potency, which is promising for vaccine design. Knowledge of these structural motifs and binding mode should facilitate the design of antigens that elicit this type of neutralizing response.
Tracing the connected narrative Cavell, Janice
Tracing the connected narrative,
c2008, 20081227, 2008, 2008-01-01, 2008-12-27
eBook
By the 1850s, journalists and readers alike perceived Britain's search for the Northwest Passage as an ongoing story in the literary sense. Because this 'story' appeared, like so many ...nineteenth-century novels, in a series of installments in periodicals and reviews, it gained an appeal similar to that of fiction.Tracing the Connected Narrativeexamines written representations of nineteenth-century British expeditions to the Canadian Arctic. It places Arctic narratives in the broader context of the print culture of their time, especially periodical literature, which played an important role in shaping the public's understanding of Arctic exploration.
Janice Cavell uncovers similarities between the presentation of exploration reports in periodicals and the serialized fiction that, she argues, predisposed readers to take an interest in the prolonged quest for the Northwest Passage. Cavell examines the same parallel in relation to the famous disappearance and subsequent search for the Franklin expedition. After the fate of Sir John Franklin had finally been revealed, theIllustrated London Newsprinted a list of earlier articles on the missing expedition, suggesting that the public might wish to re-read them in order to 'trace the connected narrative' of this chapter in the Arctic story. Through extensive research and reference to new archival material, Cavell undertakes this task and, in the process, recaptures and examines the experience of nineteenth-century readers.
Polar Cousins Leuprecht, Christian; Causey, Douglas
2022, Letnik:
29
eBook
Odprti dostop
Geopolitics and climate change now have immediate consequences for national and international security interests across the Arctic and Antarctic. The world’s polar regions are contested and ...strategically central to geopolitical rivalry. At the same time, rapid political, social, and environmental change presents unprecedented challenges for governance, environmental protection, and maritime operations in the regions. With chapters that raise awareness, address challenges, and inform policy options, Polar Cousins reviews the state of strategic thinking and options on Antarctica and the Southern Oceans in light of experience in the circumpolar North. Prioritizing strategic issues, it provides an essential discussion of geostrategic thinking, strategic policy, and strategy development. Featuring contributions from international defence experts, scientists, academics, policymakers, and decisionmakers, Polar Cousins offers key insights into the challenges unique to the polar regions.
Permafrost is warming at a global scale Biskaborn, Boris K; Smith, Sharon L; Noetzli, Jeannette ...
Nature communications,
01/2019, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Permafrost warming has the potential to amplify global climate change, because when frozen sediments thaw it unlocks soil organic carbon. Yet to date, no globally consistent assessment of permafrost ...temperature change has been compiled. Here we use a global data set of permafrost temperature time series from the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost to evaluate temperature change across permafrost regions for the period since the International Polar Year (2007-2009). During the reference decade between 2007 and 2016, ground temperature near the depth of zero annual amplitude in the continuous permafrost zone increased by 0.39 ± 0.15 °C. Over the same period, discontinuous permafrost warmed by 0.20 ± 0.10 °C. Permafrost in mountains warmed by 0.19 ± 0.05 °C and in Antarctica by 0.37 ± 0.10 °C. Globally, permafrost temperature increased by 0.29 ± 0.12 °C. The observed trend follows the Arctic amplification of air temperature increase in the Northern Hemisphere. In the discontinuous zone, however, ground warming occurred due to increased snow thickness while air temperature remained statistically unchanged.
The Arctic is thawing. In summer, cruise ships sail through the once ice-clogged Northwest Passage, lakes form on top of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and polar bears swim farther and farther in search of ...waning ice floes. At the opposite end of the world, floating Antarctic ice shelves are shrinking. Mountain glaciers are in retreat worldwide, unleashing flash floods and avalanches. We are on thin ice-and with melting permafrost's potential to let loose still more greenhouse gases, these changes may be just the beginning.Vanishing Iceis a powerful depiction of the dramatic transformation of the cryosphere-the world of ice and snow-and its consequences for the human world. Delving into the major components of the cryosphere, including ice sheets, valley glaciers, permafrost, and floating ice, Vivien Gornitz gives an up-to-date explanation of key current trends in the decline of ice mass. Drawing on a long-term perspective gained by examining changes in the cryosphere and corresponding variations in sea level over millions of years, she demonstrates the link between thawing ice and sea-level rise to point to the social and economic challenges on the horizon. Gornitz highlights the widespread repercussions of ice loss, which will affect countless people far removed from frozen regions, to explain why the big meltdown matters to us all. Written for all readers and students interested in the science of our changing climate,Vanishing Iceis an accessible and lucid warning of the coming thaw.
The product of a three-year project by twenty Arctic scholars and practitioners, the Newport Manual sets out thirty international principles of security applicable to the Arctic region. It addresses ...topics related to awareness, confidence-building measures, and capabilities. An extensive commentary accompanies each principle, which sets forth each principle's basis during peacetime, explains practical barriers and solutions for their implementation, and outlines disagreements within the group as to each principle's application.
North by 2020 Eicken, Hajo; Lovecraft, Amy Lauren
11/2011
eBook
Originating from a series of workshops held at the Alaska Forum
of the Fourth International Polar Year, this interdisciplinary
volume addresses a host of current concerns regarding the ecology
and ...rapid transformation of the arctic. Concentrating on the most
important linked social-ecological systems, including fresh water,
marine resources, and oil and gas development, this volume explores
opportunities for sustainable development from a variety of
perspectives, among them social sciences, natural and applied
sciences, and the arts. Individual chapters highlight expressions
of climate change in dance, music, and film, as well as from an
indigenous knowledge-based perspective.
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