Fatty acids (FAs) can serve as energy for poultry, maintain normal cell structure and function, and support a healthy immune system. Although the addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to ...the diet has been extensively studied and reported, the mechanism of action of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) remains to be elucidated. We investigated the effect of 0.04% dietary myristic acid (MA) on slaughter performance, lipid components, tissue FAs, and the transcriptome profile in chickens. The results showed that dietary MA had no effect on slaughter performance (body weight, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, and pectoral muscle weight) (P > 0.05). Dietary MA enrichment increased MA (P < 0.001) and triglycerides (TGs) (P < 0.01) levels in the pectoral muscle. The levels of palmitic acid, linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and PUFAs were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the MA supplementation group compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the ratios of PUFA/SFA and n6/omega-3 (n3) between the two groups. The MA content was positively correlated with the contents of palmitic acid, LA, linolenic acid (ALA), n3, n6, SFAs and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). DHCR24, which is known to be involved in steroid metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, was found to be a significantly lower in the MA supplementation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05, log2(fold change) = -0.85). Five overlapping co-expressed genes were identified at the intersection between the differential expressed genes and Weighted Gene Co‑expression Network Analysis-derived hub genes associated with MA phenotype, namely BHLHE40, MSL1, PLAGL1, SRSF4, and ENSGALG00000026875. For the TG phenotype, a total of 28 genes were identified, including CHKA, KLF5, TGIF1, etc. Both sets included the gene PLAGL1, which has a negative correlation with the levels of MA and TG. This study provides valuable information to further understand the regulation of gene expression patterns by dietary supplementation with MA and examines at the molecular level the phenotypic changes induced by supplementation with MA.
•Molecular mechanisms of AM fungi-enhanced plant drought tolerance are reviewed.•Functional (e.g., AQPs, PTs and LEA) and regulatory (e.g., 14–3-3 protein) genes are modulated by AM fungi under ...drought.•Transcription factors including GRAS, MYB and AP2/ERF are regulated by AM fungi to trigger hormone signaling.
Soil drought, an important abiotic stress, seriously inhibits plant growth and physiological activities. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soil can enhance plant adaptability and tolerance to drought stress after establishing mycorrhizal symbiosis with plant roots. Studies on AM fungi-enhanced host drought tolerance are involved in physiological, morphological and molecular levels, with a focus on physiological mechanisms. Study on the molecular mechanisms explaining how arbuscular mycorrhizae enhance plant drought tolerance has being lagging behind that on the physilogical mechanisms, however, increasingly accumulated experiments have focused on the molecular mechanisms during the past decade. This review addresses the question of which functional and regulatory genes in host plants are involved in AM fungi-modulated drought tolerance of host plants, and highlights how these genes play the role in physiological activities such as osmoregulation, water and nutrient transport, hormones, and signal transduction under mycorrhization. The review also outlines how mycorrhizal plants modulate plant drought tolerance through the regulation of transcription factors (GRAS, MYB and AP2/ERF), and prospects an outlook for future research in exploring the interaction of signal pathways in gene regulation of mycorrhizal plants.
Background: Women are at greater risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet the underlying causes remain unclear. Methods: We performed whole genome scans in lung tumours of cRaf ...transgenic mice and identified miRNA, transcription factor and hormone receptor dependent gene regulations. We confirmed hormone receptors by immunohistochemistry and constructed regulatory gene networks by considering experimentally validated miRNA-gene and transcription factor-miRNA/gene targets. Bioinformatics, genomic foot-printing and gene enrichment analysis established sex-specific circuits of lung tumour growth. Translational research involved a large cohort of NSCLC patients. We evaluated commonalities in sex-specific NSCLC gene regulations between mice and humans and determined their prognostic value in Kaplan–Meier survival statistics and COX proportional hazard regression analysis. Findings: Overexpression of the cRaf kinase elicited an extraordinary 8-fold increase in tumour growth among females, and nearly 70% of the 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were female specific. We identified oncogenes, oncomirs, tumour suppressors, cell cycle regulators and MAPK/EGFR signalling molecules, which prompted sex-based differences in NSCLC, and we deciphered a regulatory gene-network, which protected males from accelerated tumour growth. Strikingly, 41% of DEGs are targets of hormone receptors, and the majority (85%) are oestrogen receptor (ER) dependent. We confirmed the role of ER in a large cohort of NSCLC patients and validated 40% of DEGs induced by cRaf in clinical tumour samples. Interpretation: We report the molecular wiring that prompted sex disparities in tumour growth. This allowed us to propose the development of molecular targeted therapies by jointly blocking ER, CDK1 and arginase 2 in NSCLC. Funding: We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Lower Saxony Ministry of Culture and Sciences and Volkswagen Foundation, Germany to JB (25A.5-7251-99-3/00) and of the Chinese Scholarship Council to SZ (202008080022). This publication is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the “Open Access Publikationskosten” program.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which the transcription factor ETS1 regulates N‐myc downstream regulatory gene 1 (NDRG1) to provide a new theoretical ...basis for the study of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods
In this study, eight human OSCC and paraneoplastic samples were collected. The expressions of NDRG1, ETS1, and Ki67 were detected by immunohistochemistry; apoptosis was detected by tdt‐mediated dUTP notched end labeling; cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell; quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to detect the expression of NDRG1; RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays detected NDRG1 expression; immunofluorescence assays detected ETS1 expression.
Results
NDRG1 and ETS1 expression was significantly upregulated in cancer tissues and CAL‐27 and SCC‐6 cells. Knockdown of NDRG1 and ETS1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cloning, and EMT while promoting apoptosis and inhibited tumor development; ETS1 positively regulated NDRG1 expression; Finally, overexpression of NDRG1 in vivo and in vitro reversed the effect of ETS1 knockdown on CAL‐27 and SCC‐6 cells.
Conclusions
ETS1 positively regulates the expression of NDRG1 and promotes OSCC. Therefore, ETS1 may serve as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
The oyster is the seawater shellfish with the largest production worldwide and strong cadmium (Cd) enrichment and tolerance. Cadmium is transmitted throughout the food chain and can cause serious ...damage to humans. With industrialization, the accumulative accumulation of Cd in many areas has become an important food safety issue. Genetic improvement of Cd accumulation traits is an important way to reduce Cd content. However, the current genetic mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation in oysters are very limited. Therefore, 1,452,168 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Fujian oysters were used for the genome-wide association (GWAS) analysis of Cd accumulation traits in this study. The results revealed that 141 SNPs were significantly associated with Cd accumulation traits, 131 of which were concentrated in the 1.28–9.76 Mb range of Chr.3. After Fst selection signal detection and localization, genes such as ZIP1, ZIP3, Slc46a1, and Slc46a3 in this range may be involved in regulating Cd accumulation in Fujian oysters. The coding regions of ZIP1 and ZIP3 were analyzed in another culture population, and six SNPs were found to be significantly correlated with Cd accumulation (P < 0.05), of which five SNP sites had missense mutations, nine haplotypes were formed, and the Cd accumulation of the H6 (ATC) haplotype was significantly lower than that of the other eight haplotypes. In this study, we identified key genes involved in regulating Cd accumulation in Fujian oysters, and related molecular markers can be used for genetic improvement of low Cd accumulation traits.
•Genome-wide association (GWAS) analysis localized 141 SNPs significantly associated with cadmium(Cd) accumulation traits, 131 of which were concentrated in the 1.28–9.76 Mb range of Chr. 3.•Through GWAS and fixation indices(Fst) selective signal detection and localization, genes such as ZIP1, ZIP3, Slc46a1 and Slc46a3 may be involved in regulating Cd accumulation in Fujian oysters.•The polymorphism of ZIP1 and ZIP3 were significantly associated with Cd accumulation, in a new population, and low accumulation haplotypes were constructed which woule be used in the breeding.
In this paper, cadmium (Cd) stress tests were performed on Eisenia fetida in sterile artificial soil, and its regulatory mechanism between microbial communities in vivo and in vitro after Cd stress ...was explored. In the test, 0, 50, 100, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg−1 Cd stress concentrations were implemented. After long-term and short-term stress, the microbes in the earthworms and the soil were cultured with ECO plates. The data statistics of carbon source utilization intensity were carried out using the method developed by our team. CCA was scientifically integrated into TOPSIS to establish a new data analysis model to find the regulatory nodes after stress (Ning et al., 2020). Macro gene sequencing technology revealed that the species with the highest absolute abundance in the microbial communities in vivo and in vitro were all unnamed new species. It was confirmed that the HBA gene, NEUROD1 gene and ABCA3 gene were the regulatory genes of the microbial community in the earthworms under Cd stress, while the TC.FEV.OM gene and cheBR gene were the main regulatory genes of the microbial community in the soil. These results provide a scientific and theoretical reference and model basis for the bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soil and the detoxification mechanism of earthworms.
Display omitted
•The regulatory process of the microbes in worm and in soil is revealed.•CCA and TOPSIS are combined to study the regulatory mechanism of earthworm.•Cd-tolerant microbes are a new unnamed species in the Massilia genus.•HBA, NEUROD1 and ABCA3 are the regulatory genes of the microbes in worm.•TC.FEV.OM and cheBR are the regulatory genes of the microbes in soil.
This study aimed to improve the production of mutantioxidin, an antioxidant encoded by a biosynthetic gene cluster (mao) in Streptococcus mutans UA140, through a series of optimization methods.
...Through the construction of mao knockout strain S. mutans UA140∆mao, we identified mutantioxidin as the antioxidant encoded by mao and verified its antioxidant activity through a reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance assay. By optimizing the culture medium and fermentation time, 72 h of fermentation in chemically defined medium (CDM) medium was determined as the optimal fermentation conditions. Based on two promoters commonly used in Streptococcus (ldhp and xylS1p), eight promoter refactoring strains were constructed, nevertheless all showed impaired antioxidant production. In-frame deletion and complementation experiments demonstrated the positive regulatory role of mao1 and mao2, on mao. Afterward, the mao1 and mao2, overexpression strain S. mutans UA140/pDL278:: mao1mao2, were constructed, in which the production of mutantioxidin was improved significantly.
In this study, through a combination of varied strategies such as optimization of fermentation conditions and overexpression of regulatory genes, production of mutantioxidin was increased by 10.5 times ultimately.
Bitespiramycin (biotechnological spiramycin, Bsm) is a new 16-membered macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spiramyceticus WSJ-1 integrated exogenous genes. The gene cluster for Bsm ...biosynthesis consists of two parts: spiramycin biosynthetic gene cluster (92 kb) and two exogenous genes including 4"-O-isovaleryltransferase gene (ist) and a positive regulatory gene (acyB2) from S. thermotolerans. Four putative regulatory genes, bsm2, bsm23, bsm27 and bsm42, were identified by sequence analysis in the spiramycin gene cluster. The inactivation of bsm23 or bsm42 in S. spiramyceticus eliminated spiramycin production, while the deletion of bsm2 and bsm27 did not abolish spiramycin biosynthesis. The acyB2 gene, homologous with bsm42 gene, cannot recover the spiramycin production in Δbsm42 mutant. The high expression of bsm42 significantly increased the spiramycin production, but overexpression of bsm23 inhibited its production in Δbsm23 and wild-type strain. Bsm23 was shown to be involved in the regulation of the expression of bsm42 and acyB2 by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The bsm42 gene was also positive regulator for ist expression inferred from the improved yield of 4"-isovalerylspiramycins in the S. lividans TK24 biotransformation test, but adding bsm23 decreased the production of 4ʹʹ-isovalerylspiramycins. These results demonstrated Bsm42 was a pathway-specific activator for spiramycin or Bsm biosynthesis, but overexpression of Bsm23 alone was adverse to produce these antibiotics although Bsm23 was essential for positive regulation of spiramycin production.
Nitrate is a key nutrient that affects maize growth and yield, and much has yet to be learned about nitrate regulatory genes and mechanisms in maize. Here, we identified nine
genes in maize and ...analyzed the functions of two
members in nitrate signaling. qPCR results revealed a broad pattern of expression for
genes in different stages and organs with the highest levels of transcript expression of
and
. When
and
were overexpressed in the
nitrate regulatory gene mutant
, nitrate assimilation and induction of nitrate-responsive genes in the transgenic plants were recovered to WT levels, indicating that
and
can replace the essential roles of the master nitrate regulatory gene
in nitrate signaling and metabolism. ZmNLP6 and ZmNLP8 are localized in the nucleus and can bind candidate nitrate-responsive
-elements
. The biomass and yield of transgenic
lines overexpressing
and
showed significant increase compared with WT and
mutant line in low nitrate conditions. Thus,
and
regulate nitrate signaling in transgenic
plants and may be potential candidates for improving nitrogen use efficiency of maize.
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