The Being of Values Juruś, Dariusz
Relacje Międzykulturowe (Online),
12/2022, Letnik:
7, Številka:
2(12)
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this paper I present three main approaches to the problem of the being of values by discussing objectivism, subjectivism and relationism referring to historical positions. I conclude that ...axiological discourse, when reduced to the horizontal dimension, leads to the relativisation of all values, the process of blurring the boundaries to their eventual annihilation.
Global crises cannot be solved within the framework of individual nation-states but only through global cooperation. This requires intercultural dialog. This book examines classical Confucian ethics ...and explores its possible contribution to the axiology of a new global ethics.
Confusion and explanation Goodman, Rachel
Mind & language,
June 2024, Letnik:
39, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In Talking about, Unnsteinsson defends an intentionalist theory of reference by arguing that confused referential intentions degrade reference. Central to this project is a “belief model” of both ...identity confusion and unconfused thought. By appealing to a well‐known argument from Campbell, I argue that this belief model falls short, because it fails to explain the inferential behavior it promises to explain. Campbell's argument has been central in the contemporary literature on Frege's puzzle, but Unnsteinsson's account of confusion provides an opportunity for more clarity about how the argument is best interpreted, and what it shows.
There are three main types of culture in human society, namely, individual-oriented, relationship-oriented and social-oriented cultures. In history, there are two main positions on the relationship ...between culture and self-construal: the cultural determinist position and the interaction position. After analyzing literature critically, we propose that the interaction position is more persuasive than the cultural determinist position. A self-construal model was constructed from an interactionist and polycultural perspective, pointing out the relationship between three cultures and self-construal. We argue that individuals interacting with cultures in the context of globalization can develop a more integrated self-construal. The present study proposes the existence of polycultural self-construal, and aimed to explore how self-construal factors relate to cultures.
Three approaches-psychological tests, priming with cultural icons and content analysis-were used to explore mechanisms between cultures (individual-oriented, relationship-oriented, and social-oriented cultures) and self-construal. In Study 1, we recruited 460 undergraduate students as participants through campus advertising to complete three psychological tests, namely, the Cultural Identity Scale (CIS), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Approval Scale (MC-SDS), and the Polycultural Self-construal Scale (PSCS). In Study 2, we created icon materials that could prime the three cultures. The experimental process was divided into two stages: priming and measurement. First, 165 participants were presented with icon materials on the computer screen to activate the corresponding culture, and then they were asked to complete the PSCS. In Study 3, the experimental procedures were followed as for Study 2. Then the Ten Statements Test (TST) was used. Each of the 178 participants gave 10 different responses to the question of "Who am I?." Each participant's "I am …" narratives were qualitatively processed using content analysis.
The individual-oriented culture mainly affects the individuality and equality factor of self-construal. The relationship-oriented culture mainly impacts the relationality factor of self-construal, while the social-oriented culture mainly affects the collectivity and equality factors of self-construal. There were no significant differences in the effects of the three cultures on the autonomy factor of self-construal. The multi-components of the polycultural self-construal are difficult to interpret based on one culture type. All three cultures have specific and shared effects on human self-construal.
We develop an integrative framework that sheds light on managing multiple targets of employee identifications—specifically, coworker, workgroup, and organizational identifications. Drawing from ...cross-cultural and gender studies, we distinguish between individual tendencies (self-concept orientations) and self-definitions with specific relationships or groups (identifications). We explicate the role of individualist, relationist, and collectivist self-concept orientations, as well as identification motives, on organizationally relevant identifications and conclude with a discussion of the implications for identification in organizations.
Relationship Extraction (RE) is a central task in information extraction. The use of entity mapping to address complex scenarios with overlapping triples, such as CasRel, is gaining traction, yet ...faces challenges such as inadequate consideration of sentence continuity, sample imbalance and data noise. This research introduces an entity mapping-based method CasRelBLCF building on CasRel. The main contributions include: A joint decoder for the head entity, utilizing Bi-LSTM and CRF, integration of the Focal Loss function to tackle sample imbalance and a reinforcement learning-based noise reduction method for handling dataset noise. Experiments on relation extraction datasets indicate the superiority of the CasRelBLCF model and the enhancement on model's performance of the noise reduction method.
Relational egalitarianism is a theory of justice according to which justice requires that people relate as equals. According to some relational egalitarians, X and Y relate as equals if, and only if, ...they (1) regard each other as equals; and (2) treat each other as equals. In this paper, we argue that relational egalitarians must give up 1.
Abstract Over the past decade, royal commissions have been increasingly employed to address some of Australia's most pernicious and persistent problems. However, their recommendations often languish ...unimplemented. Research on why so many proposals fail to make it into policy and practice is divided. To explore the fraught road from recommendation to reform, this article analyses the early implementation of the recommendations of the 2016 Royal Commission into Family Violence (Victoria, Australia) from a relational vantage. To do so, this article brings attention to the under‐explored insights of advocates and frontline service providers and their relationship to post‐royal commission reform processes. Their relational accounts of corroborations, contradictions, and contestations move the contemporary predominate question of if implementation happens to more nuanced questions about when it occurs, what is implemented, who does it, and how it happens. The difficulties participants faced in the early implementation phase of the reforms demonstrate implementation alone is not a panacea for the problems royal commissions face post‐inquiry. Points for practitioners Improving the implementation of royal commissions’ recommendations requires centring the perspectives of those with specialised knowledge and who deliver related services. Recommendations to address challenging social problems need to be designed to evolve, often rapidly, to the constantly changing contexts that they are enmeshed within. An implementation for implementation's sake approach risks obfuscating the contestations of what royal commissions find and cementing potentially problematic initiatives.
We offer an interpretation of the mental files framework that eliminates the metaphor of files, information being contained in files, etc. The guiding question is whether, once we move beyond the ...metaphors, there is any theoretical role for files. We claim not. We replace the file‐metaphor with two theses: the semantic thesis that there are irreducibly relational representational facts (viz. facts about the coordination of representations); and the metasemantic thesis that processes tied to information‐relations ground those facts. In its canonical statement, the ‘file’‐theory makes reference to a certain kind of relational representational feature, and a certain kind of mental activity. Mental files need not come into it. In short, we posit mental filing without mental files. Our interpretation avoids awkward problems that arise on the standard interpretation and clarifies the explanatory commitments of the theory.
