Despite many regulatory changes there are still no sound reorganisation possibilities for financially distressed companies in Hungary. The current crisis of 2020 due to the pandemic is going to ...trigger mass liquidations especially there where the bankruptcy rules are ineffective. There is no efficient risk and resource allocation if there is no reasoning and the financial and economic criteria necessary for a proper bankruptcy management are not taken into consideration in the reorganisation procedure. This article is based on primary research conducted in 2014 and a further analysis of the problem published in the Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics in 2020 (Pálinkó and Pétervári, 2020). The conclusion is that the financial variables are seemingly irrelevant in decision-making. The bankruptcy procedure has become a useful tactic for the owner-management to keep their position and protected status for as long as possible even at the expense of the divergent creditors. There is a genuine need for a different model in Hungary, one in which financially rational decisions are not dysfunctional. We have found that time is the most important factor here. It is therefore suggested that the rules should be designed so that the companies be motivated to file for bankruptcy in time. This design is the automated mandatory auction bankruptcy procedure or its pre-pack version.
This study empirically investigates the effect of import competition on within‐firm employment reorganisation using a Japanese firm‐level dataset covering the period of 1997–2014. Moreover, this ...study examines whether the import competition against low‐income countries leads to a shift from a manufacturing activity to non‐manufacturing activity, such as headquarters’ services, wholesale, retail or R&D. Furthermore, this study explored the heterogeneity of the impacts of import competition according to firm size. Findings reveal that competition from Chinese imports induces manufacturing firms to increase the share of service workers, particularly workers that engage in wholesale, retail and other service activities.
The reorganisation of memory during sleep Landmann, Nina; Kuhn, Marion; Piosczyk, Hannah ...
Sleep medicine reviews,
12/2014, Letnik:
18, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Summary Sleep after learning promotes the quantitative strengthening of new memories. Less is known about the impact of sleep on the qualitative reorganisation of memory, which is the focus of this ...review. Studies have shown that, in the declarative system, sleep facilitates the abstraction of rules (schema formation), the integration of knowledge into existing schemas (schema integration) and creativity that requires the disbandment of existing patterns (schema disintegration). Schema formation and integration might primarily benefit from slow wave sleep, whereas the disintegration of a schema might be facilitated by rapid eye movement sleep. In the procedural system, sleep fosters the reorganisation of motor memory. The neural mechanisms of these processes remain to be determined. Notably, emotions have been shown to modulate the sleep-related reorganisation of memories. In the final section of this review, we propose that the sleep-related reorganisation of memories might be particularly relevant for mental disorders. Thus, sleep disruptions might contribute to disturbed memory reorganisation and to the development of mental disorders. Therefore, sleep-related interventions might modulate the reorganisation of memories and provide new inroads into treatment.
We report the findings of a multi-language and multi-lab investigation of young infants' ability to discriminate lexical tones as a function of their native language, age and language experience, as ...well as of tone properties. Given the high prevalence of lexical tones across human languages, understanding lexical tone acquisition is fundamental for comprehensive theories of language learning. While there are some similarities between the developmental course of lexical tone perception and that of vowels and consonants, findings for lexical tones tend to vary greatly across different laboratories. To reconcile these differences and to assess the developmental trajectory of native and non-native perception of tone contrasts, this study employed a single experimental paradigm with the same two pairs of Cantonese tone contrasts (perceptually similar vs. distinct) across 13 laboratories in Asia-Pacific, Europe and North-America testing 5-, 10- and 17-month-old monolingual (tone, pitch-accent, non-tone) and bilingual (tone/non-tone, non-tone/non-tone) infants. Across the age range and language backgrounds, infants who were not exposed to Cantonese showed robust discrimination of the two non-native lexical tone contrasts. Contrary to this overall finding, the statistical model assessing native discrimination by Cantonese-learning infants failed to yield significant effects. These findings indicate that lexical tone sensitivity is maintained from 5 to 17 months in infants acquiring tone and non-tone languages, challenging the generalisability of the existing theoretical accounts of perceptual narrowing in the first months of life. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This is a multi-language and multi-lab investigation of young infants' ability to discriminate lexical tones. This study included data from 13 laboratories testing 5-, 10-, and 17-month-old monolingual (tone, pitch-accent, non-tone) and bilingual (tone/non-tone, non-tone/non-tone) infants. Overall, infants discriminated a perceptually similar and a distinct non-native tone contrast, although there was no evidence of a native tone-language advantage in discrimination. These results demonstrate maintenance of tone discrimination throughout development.
The policy of reorganising schools in pedagogical cycles has been restored little by little in the state schools of the city of Bogota. This reform began in the year 2008 in Codema College, which ...faced a number of challenges, personal as much as institutional. The reform depended upon the participation and engagement of the educational community in the reform process, and for that reason, this paper presents a positive view of the school reorganisation in relation to the theme of cycles, to balance some of the views that have been expressed previously.
The recognition and counting of apple pests sampled by different sex attractants are very important and significant for pest control. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are common artificial ...intelligence algorithms widely used in image recognition and counting. However, because the sizes of different species of pests are different and the densities of pests on the sticky board are sometimes considerable, it is difficult to recognise and count them accurately and efficiently. This study proposes an improved recognition and counting approach based on deep learning with data reorganisation, termed ‘MPest-RCNN’. The contributions herein are twofold: (1) A new structure of Faster R-CNN is proposed by using ResNet101 feature extractor which has higher precision of recognition. (2) We propose a new convolutional network structure with small anchors to extract features such that the recognition accuracy is improved for small pests. We took three typical pests in apple orchards to establish an original data set using sex attractants. The proposed MPest-RCNN model solves the recognition problem of multiple types and sizes of pests by using different sex attractants. Finally, experiments are conducted, and a comparative analysis is provided for the proposed approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-Score of the proposed approach reach 99.11%, 99.88%, 99.42%, and 99.50% respectively. In contrast with Faster R-CNN, the precision, sensitivity, and F1-Score increase by 0.31%, 7.77%, and 4.25% respectively. The comparative experimental results demonstrate that the mean average precision (mAP) of the proposed approach is higher than that of the currently used pest recognition approaches. In addition to reducing the complexity of creating multiple recognition models for different kinds of pests, the proposed model shows promise as an effective means for recognising and monitoring of other targets with similar characteristics, thereby providing theoretical support for ecological informatics in the future.
•A new structure of Faster R-CNN is proposed by using ResNet101 feature extractor which has higher precision of recognition.•We propose a new convolutional network structure with small anchors to extract features such that the recognition accuracy is improved for small pests.
This paper proposes a distance-based characterization of age-related structural inertia as an increasing constraint on the speed of change as organizations age. Our framework regards organizations as ...points in multidimensional metric spaces of architectures. Organizational change means movement in this space. The speed of change is the ratio of the distance between positions in a space and the time it took for the organization to make the move. We illustrate how our distance-based approach can be used to formulate theories of age-related organizational inertia by using this representation to develop a model for a possible mechanism: age-related cultural resistance to change based on the dynamics of exposure of organizational members to architectural features. Our proposed mechanism is distinct from prevailing explanations and leads to new predictions. We also illustrate the value of our distance-based approach in a reanalysis of Sørensen and Stuart’s study of age variations in firms’ patenting behavior Sørensen JB, Stuart TE (2000) Aging, obsolescence, and organizational innovation.
Admin. Sci. Quart.
45(1):81–112. On the basis of patent citations, we construct a space that allows us to characterize the positions of organizations and the speed at which they change. We find that organizational age has a negative effect on the speed of change.
Orientation The direct costs associated with business rescue proceedings are essential to the decision-making of directors, business rescue practitioners and other affected parties. Business rescue ...has come under criticism for being a costly procedure, but what constitutes these costs and how they are defined remain largely unknown.Research purpose The aim of this study was to identify and measure the direct costs of business rescue proceedings in South Africa. This research also explored the relationship between direct costs and the following variables: firm size and duration of business rescue proceedings.Motivation for the study Despite the significance of understanding reorganisation costs, astonishingly little is know about the size and determinants of the direct costs of business rescue in the South African context. Business rescue practitioners fees and other related expenses have been blamed for worsening business rescue proceedings’ reputation. However, researchers have not yet determined the nature or quantum of such costs.Research design, approach and method This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed-method research design. The first phase comprised semi-structured interviews supplemented by a closed card sort with 14 business rescue practitioners. The first phase resulted in direct cost categories and components used to develop a survey instrument. The survey was administered in the second phase and measured the direct costs for 19 South African firms previously under business rescue.Main findings The first phase results show that the direct costs of business rescue consist of four categories: the basic remuneration of the business rescue practitioner, contingency fees, professional fee disbursements and general disbursements. Because of the small sample size, the results of the second phase were inconclusive.Practical/managerial implications This research contributes to the management body of knowledge by providing business rescue practitioners, the management of distressed companies, and affected parties, especially creditors with a starting point into understanding the direct costs of business rescue proceedings.Contribution/value-add This is the first study of its kind, to quantitatively measure the direct costs of business rescue in the South African context. Therefore, the results of the study may offer affected parties some insight and clarity regarding the nature of the direct costs of business rescue.
Colonialism has its impact on Indian politics and society even after the colonialism. Pre-colonial Assam was able to maintain its independent status till 1826. After incorporating into the company’s ...holdings, colonialists gradually extended their controls to the hill areas surrounding the Assam and Bengal plains. Subsequent to annexing the hills, the areas were designated as “tribal” areas and continued to be ruled as a distinct administrative regime. However, the strategy of divide and rule system had fundamentally changed the practices of both hills and the plains. For segregating the hills from the plains, a line was drawn, known as Inner line of 1873. The gradual separation and sharpening of identity had led to the formation of ‘Bordoloi Sub-committee to render autonomy to the hill people. However, the recommendation made by the ‘Bordoloi Sub-committee’ were not able to fulfil the aspirations of the hill tribes, and they started demanding for more autonomy in the form of statehood, backed by insurgent activities, which paved the way for the reorganisation of Assam. And in the present juncture, the Plain tribes of Assam have been demanding for re-reorganisation of Assam. Hence, this study specifies the colonial subjectivity and subjugation and its consequences to new equations of contemporary politics.
•We examined time course of sway after passive light touch onset and removal transitions.•We observed involuntary sway overshoot after light touch removal.•rTMS over left-hemisphere inferior parietal ...gyrus reduced sway overshoot after light touch removal.
Contact with an earth-fixed reference augments sway-related feedback and leads to sway reduction during upright standing. We investigated the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left hemisphere inferior parietal gyrus (IPG) as well as middle frontal gyrus (MFG) on the progression of sway following right-hand finger tip contact onset and removal. In two experimental sessions, 12 adults received 20min of 1Hz rTMS stimulation at 110% passive motor threshold over the left MFG and left IPG, respectively. Before and after each stimulation interval, participants’ body sway was assessed in terms of antero–posterior Center-of-Pressure (CoP) velocity. Passive touch onset and removal were timed at random intervals by controlling the vertical position of a contact plate. Progression of sway was evaluated across 6s before to 6s after each contact event. Following both contact onset and removal, a temporary increase in sway above baseline without contact was observed. After removal overshoot was especially prominent. While steady-state sway was not altered by stimulation, rTMS over the left IPG reduced overshoot compared to pre-stimulation; thus, improving sway progression on haptic deprivation. We discuss our finding in the light of altered transient postural disorientation due to intermodal sensory conflict, illusion of backwards falling and tactile attention capture.
PDF
