The oceans of the earth offer vast amounts of renewable energy. Technologies to harness the power of the seas are at an early stage of development. Even the most advances technologies, namely tidal ...current and ocean wave still face considerable barriers and many obstacles remain. Research, development and innovation can help overcome those barriers. This review provides an overview over the current state of research in the field of ocean energy. In particular, the authors focus on research beyond technology or technological improvements. This article also highlights areas where research gaps exists and where future research efforts should be directed to.
This paper explores the significance of student research activities in fostering the key competencies essential for the future specialists in the field of chemistry. Specifically, it emphasizes the ...importance of primary school students' ability to solve experimental problems in chemistry and highlights the role of virtual chemical laboratories in facilitating the development of these skills. The concept of ``experimental chemical problem"'' is thoroughly analyzed, providing a comprehensive understanding of its essence. Moreover, the paper delves into the concept of ``virtual chemical laboratories'', discussing their primary types, advantages, and disadvantages, which define the methodical boundaries for their implementation in chemistry education, particularly in supporting educational chemical experiments.Furthermore, the study scrutinizes the major benefits and limitations of virtual chemical laboratories regarding the modeling of chemical processes necessary for creating virtual experimental problems in chemistry. The distinctive features of VLab, a virtual chemical laboratory, are elucidated, shedding light on its operational essence and the process of designing virtual laboratory work within it. Notably, two types of virtual chemical laboratories, namely distance laboratories and imitation laboratories, are identified as integral components for supporting students' research activities. The synergistic combination of these laboratory types, particularly in the study of the topic ``Solutions'', offers an opportunity to harness the advantages of each type and elevate the level of support for students' research activities during the learning process.To exemplify the practical implementation of this approach, the paper presents developed virtual chemical works, providing insights into their essence and purpose. Drawing from the successful integration of virtual chemical laboratories in diverse educational institutions, the paper justifies the assumption regarding the effectiveness of utilizing the developed virtual experimental chemical problems to foster students' research activities within the context of studying the topic ``Solutions''. This research contributes to the field of educational technology by providing evidence-based insights into the potential of virtual chemical laboratories for enhancing student engagement and competency development in chemistry education.
For governments and for manufacturing companies, global warming, rising energy prices, and customers’ increasing ecological awareness have pushed energy efficient manufacturing to the top of the ...agenda. Governments and companies are both striving to identify the most effective measures to increase energy efficiency in manufacturing processes. Based on results of a recent EU-funded roadmapping project, this paper highlights the needs of industrial companies for integrating energy efficiency performance in production management. First, it analyses concepts and tools for measurement, control and improvement of energy efficiency in production management proposed in literature. Second, the paper outlines that ICT tools and standardization are important enablers for energy efficient manufacturing. Third, industrial needs in these areas are presented based on expert interviews. The industrial needs thus identified are contrasted with concepts proposed in literature to point out the implementation gaps between practice and theory. The paper demonstrates that there exists a gap between the solutions available and the actual implementation in industrial companies. It concludes by deriving requirements for energy management in production that future collaborative research projects should address.
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review the trends and findings of previous domestic and international studies on midwifery during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA literature search in the Japan ...Medical Abstracts Society (Ichushi-Web) and PubMed, using “COVID-19,” “JYOSAN (midwifery in Japanese)” and “midwifery,” as keywords, identified 96 articles (six in Japanese and 90 in English). The following information was extracted and classified: research topic, country of origin, study design, subjects, data collection method, type of data analysed, and ethical considerations.ResultsThe most common research topics were maternity care services provided by healthcare professionals (30 articles), the use of maternity care services by pregnant and postpartum women and their families (24 articles), infection management (17 articles), and mental health of healthcare providers (16 articles). The most frequent country of origin was Turkey (11 articles), followed by the United Kingdom (10 articles), Japan, and Australia (nine articles each). The most common study designs were cross-sectional studies (71 articles), literature reviews (nine articles), cohort studies (six articles), and case reports (four articles). The subjects analysed most were medical personnel or medical students (64 articles), non-medical personnel (e.g., pregnant and postpartum women, their families, and neonates, 37 articles), and documents, including medical records, government documents, and academic papers (13 articles). The data collection methods more frequently used were online survey, internet search, phone, email, or mailing method (58 articles), and literature search (14 articles). The data analysed were quantitative (62 articles), qualitative (25 articles), and existing documents (16 articles). Seventy-six articles included a description of ethical considerations, whereas 18 did not.ConclusionThe three most common topics (74.0%) of articles published during the COVID-19 pandemic were maternity care services provided by healthcare professionals, the use of maternity care services by pregnant and postpartum women and their families, and infection management. The number of studies analysing medical personnel or medical students was 1.7 times higher than those on different subjects. Therefore, the studies possibly contributing to healthcare professionals’ infection control may have been prioritized during the pandemic. The majority were cross-sectional studies on data collected indirectly through online surveys, internet searches, phone, or email (60.4%) and from existing documents (16 articles), possibly due to the concern about conducting studies targeting care receivers directly, such as pregnant and postpartum women and their families. This study identified concrete strategies for maintaining and developing research activities during the pandemic.
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review the trends and findings of previous domestic and international studies on midwifery during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA literature search in the Japan ...Medical Abstracts Society (Ichushi-Web) and PubMed, using “COVID-19,” “JYOSAN (midwifery in Japanese)” and “midwifery,” as keywords, identified 96 articles (six in Japanese and 90 in English). The following information was extracted and classified: research topic, country of origin, study design, subjects, data collection method, type of data analysed, and ethical considerations.ResultsThe most common research topics were maternity care services provided by healthcare professionals (30 articles), the use of maternity care services by pregnant and postpartum women and their families (24 articles), infection management (17 articles), and mental health of healthcare providers (16 articles). The most frequent country of origin was Turkey (11 articles), followed by the United Kingdom (10 articles), Japan, and Australia (nine articles each). The most common study designs were cross-sectional studies (71 articles), literature reviews (nine articles), cohort studies (six articles), and case reports (four articles). The subjects analysed most were medical personnel or medical students (64 articles), non-medical personnel (e.g., pregnant and postpartum women, their families, and neonates, 37 articles), and documents, including medical records, government documents, and academic papers (13 articles). The data collection methods more frequently used were online survey, internet search, phone, email, or mailing method (58 articles), and literature search (14 articles). The data analysed were quantitative (62 articles), qualitative (25 articles), and existing documents (16 articles). Seventy-six articles included a description of ethical considerations, whereas 18 did not.ConclusionThe three most common topics (74.0%) of articles published during the COVID-19 pandemic were maternity care services provided by healthcare professionals, the use of maternity care services by pregnant and postpartum women and their families, and infection management. The number of studies analysing medical personnel or medical students was 1.7 times higher than those on different subjects. Therefore, the studies possibly contributing to healthcare professionals’ infection control may have been prioritized during the pandemic. The majority were cross-sectional studies on data collected indirectly through online surveys, internet searches, phone, or email (60.4%) and from existing documents (16 articles), possibly due to the concern about conducting studies targeting care receivers directly, such as pregnant and postpartum women and their families. This study identified concrete strategies for maintaining and developing research activities during the pandemic.
Pharmacists are expected to identify and solve problems while performing their duties, build evidence through problem analysis, publish the results of their research activities, and make ...presentations at academic conferences. However, only a few clinical pharmacists engage in research activities and share practical knowledge from clinical settings. This study aimed to develop a pattern language for sharing this practical knowledge about research activities. A pattern language is created from verbalized evidence and shared knowledge using specific words obtained through mining interviews. After interviewing research-experienced pharmacists, twenty-nine language patterns across four categories and eight groups emerged. The categories were how to approach research, how to find research themes, how to develop a research environment, and how to interpret research results. The results of the pattern validity evaluation showed that the average percentage of individual patterns judged to be valid was 95.0%. This method appropriately supported verbalizing the pharmacists’ experiences from different work environments and ages into language patterns to encourage more research papers and presentations.
While deduplication and cross-validation protocols have been recommended for large Web-based studies, protocols for survey response validation of smaller studies have not been published.
This paper ...reports the challenges of survey validation inherent in a small Web-based health survey research.
The subject population was North American, gay and bisexual, prostate cancer survivors, who represent an under-researched, hidden, difficult-to-recruit, minority-within-a-minority population. In 2015-2016, advertising on a large Web-based cancer survivor support network, using email and social media, yielded 478 completed surveys.
Our manual deduplication and cross-validation protocol identified 289 survey submissions (289/478, 60.4%) as likely spam, most stemming from advertising on social media. The basic components of this deduplication and validation protocol are detailed. An unexpected challenge encountered was invalid survey responses evolving across the study period. This necessitated the static detection protocol be augmented with a dynamic one.
Five recommendations for validation of Web-based samples, especially with smaller difficult-to-recruit populations, are detailed.
Research activity is one of the key professional learning needs noted by teacher educators working in higher education. The purpose of this study is to explore what research activities Chinese higher ...education-based physical education teacher educators (PETEds) prioritised and, in turn, expressed their aligned research-related professional learning needs. A sample of 15 Chinese higher education-based PETEds was interviewed. The results conveyed that Chinese PETEds had a strong desire to avail of research-related professional learning activities, with the majority prioritising peer-review publication. The motives for PETEds to be involved in research tend to be extrinsic to the individual and include pressures aligned to the evaluation of their academic position and institute requirements. PETEds who entered teacher education with a PhD were expected and supported to do research, while PETEds without a PhD requested opportunities to undertake a PhD abroad. While it was easier for PETEds to undertake collaborative research with a research group within their faculty/department, there was a lack of collaborative research external to the faculty/department as well as a lack of international collaboration.
For the first time in domestic science, the article actualizes the topic of responsibility of research activities of universities as a complex problem. The author concludes on the growth of ...international, European, industry, national and institutional standards of responsibility in the situation of increased societal demands for responsibility from different actors, for different processes, in different fields, and at different levels of research activity. The article clarifies the preconditions and trends of standardization of responsible research in international and European documents. The author has identified the composition of the main subjects of research activities, namely state, national authorities, researchers, research organizations, cross-border cooperation partners, research financial institutions, stakeholders, including the private sector, civil society, as well as all other open science actors worldwide. The area of their responsibility at the system of research activities has been presented.
The author has revealed conceptual foundations of the responsibility of research activities as a tool for harmonizing the whole process of research and innovation with the values, needs, and expectations of society. The harmonization provides for establishing cooperation between all stakeholders regarding collaboration in scientific education, setting of the research agenda, ensuring access to the results and projections of new research, adherence to the values of gender and ethical responsibility.
The place and leading role of the concept of responsibility of research activities as a component in the EU framework programs for research and innovation are shown. The role of universities in the increased responsibility of research activities and the formation of a culture of responsible research and innovation in society is substantiated.
The tasks for increasing the responsibility of research activities of domestic universities at the present stage are outlined: development of national standards and implementation of the policy of responsibility at all levels and in all areas of research; development of the algorithm of actions for successful implementation of standards of responsibility in the system of research activities of universities; providing training and creating conditions for the implementation of relevant research in universities.
Scientific research activities (SRAs) of secondary school students of developing countries in Southeast Asia such as Vietnam are facing certain obstacles. The proposed research aims to explore the ...managing the SRAs of students in secondary schools as a basis for managers to propose effective measures. The oriented survey was performed on 180 teachers and managers and 201 students from 13/13 secondary schools. The data were processed by using the SPPS program and proposed solutions were introduced. Overall, the management of student's SRAs in secondary schools has achieved certain results but there are still limitations in planning, organizing, and evaluating process.
PDF
