A sustainable circular economy accelerates efficiency and decouples wasted natural resource consumption from current economic growth. Many studies have been devoted to exploring the practices and ...theoretical basis for promoting understanding of and theoretical support for and guiding resource allocation in launching a sustainable circular economy; however, prior studies are insufficient in terms of judging the attributes of resource performance improvement. This study collects quantitative data from the Liaoning Provincial Statistical Yearbook in China. To deal with the above shortcomings, this study proposes a hybrid method using performance-resource analysis and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory methods to determine how to improve resource allocation. The results confirm that the sustainable circular economy in Liaoning cities has to take industrial emission reduction, hazardous and solid waste reuse, renewable and recycling energy utilization, and natural resource consumption into account to improve resource performance.
•Prior studies are neglecting to confirm the resource performance improvement.•Studies are insufficient in judging the city's resource performance improvement attributes.•This study collects the quantitative data from Liaoning provincial statistical book in China.•This study proposes a PRA and DEMATEL method to improve the resources allocation.•The result shows the framework is valid for resource performance improvement.
We estimate the number of physical qubits and execution time by decomposing an implementation of Shor's algorithm for elliptic curve discrete logarithms into universal gate units at the logical level ...when surface codes are used. We herein also present modified quantum circuits for elliptic curve discrete logarithms and compare our results with those of the original quantum circuit implementations at the physical level. Through the analysis, we show that the use of more logical qubits in quantum algorithms does not always lead to the use of more physical qubits. We assumed using rotated surface code and logical qubits with all-to-all connectivity. The number of physical qubits and execution time are expressed in terms of bit length, physical gate error rate, and probability of algorithm failure. In addition, we compare our results with the number of physical qubits and execution time of Shor's factoring algorithm to assess the risk of attack by quantum computers in RSA and elliptic curve cryptography.
Background & Purpose: Big data technology in human resources is one of the emerging technologies created by the growth of data and information volume. The use of big data has been used in other ...fields of management, including business and sales as well as industrial management, but it is not well known in the field of human resource management. The idea behind data-driven human resources is to help the human resources managers make smarter decisions regarding the organization and activities in the field of human resources and play the role of a strategic partner. Nevertheless, despite its importance and necessity in the field of human resources management, practical insight and its results have not been used that much. One of the most important reasons is the lack of a proper roadmap and methodology for designing and implementing its analysis. Thus, the purpose of this research is to provide a roadmap for designing and implementing analysis in the field of human resource management.Methodology: In line with this goal, this research has been done using a Meta-synthesis qualitative method. The data collection tool in the present study is past documents in this field, which generally includes 60 articles. The method of data analysis is based on open coding.Findings: The results indicate that the roadmap for analysis in the field of human resource management includes three layers of infrastructure, processes and goals. Infrastructure layer includes technical and operational factors, human capital factors, managerial and leadership factors and organizational and structural factors; The process layer includes three main categories of support activities, core activities and evaluation and development activities; and the objective layer includes decision-making, creating value for human resource, improving organizational performance, maintaining and promoting human capital, and predicting job and behavioral attitudes.Conclusion: The presented road map can be used as a practical guide and executive action for the managers and professionals in the field of organizational human resources so that they can identify the necessity of examining the massive amount of data in this field and discover practical insight, work methods, and executive actions from excellent results and use it prominently in all actions and activities in the field of human resources.
Construction Safety Planning is an element in the CSMS (Construction Safety Management System), which needs to be developed by the Contractor. Irrespective of this condition, the guidelines for ...preparing a safety program have not been appropriately disseminated by the project owner. This shows that many contractors are yet to appropriately implement the construction safety program. Therefore, this study aims to develop a safety program for Indonesian flat projects, especially architectural work. A qualitative method and secofndary data were used and obtained from a literature review, respectively. This was to determine the breakdown structure of architecture, which was then identified by hazards and operational risks. These processes led to the acquisition of the risk control used in preparing safety program targets, regarding resource analysis. The results showed that the resources needed in this architectural program included safety signs, PPE, warehouse construction, and transportation carts, which should be completed before work inception. In this case, an individual needs to be responsible for all the operational processes, namely the Safety Inspector/Supervisory Officer. These results are expected to be used as a guideline for contractors and project owners, to prepare a safety program and monitor the implementation of CS (construction safety).
Gas is a measurement unit of the computational effort that it will take to execute every single replicated operation that takes part in the Ethereum blockchain platform. If a transaction exceeds the ...amount of gas allotted by the user (known as gas limit), an out-of-gas exception is raised and its execution is interrupted. One of the main open problems in the analysis of Ethereum smart contracts is the inference of sound bounds on their gas consumption.
We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first static analysis that is able to infer sound parametric (i.e., non-constant) gas bounds for smart contracts. The inferred bounds can be parametric on the sizes of the input parameters for the functions, but also they can be parametric on the contract state, or blockchain data. Our gas analysis is developed at EVM bytecode level, in which Ethereum gas model is defined.
Our analysis is implemented in a tool named Gastap, Gas-Aware Smart contracT Analysis Platform, which takes as input a smart contract and automatically infers sound gas upper-bounds for its public functions. Gastap has been applied over 318,093 functions fetched from the Ethereum blockchain, and succeeded to obtain gas bounds for 90.24% of them.
•A rule-based representation (RBR) that enables subsequent static analysis on EVM code.•Description of RBR transformations that allow handling specific features of EVM.•Definition of a cost model that soundly overapproximates the gas used by EVM bytecodes.•Computation of the memory gas cost by means of a peak resource analysis.•Analysis of 318,093 real public functions and comparison with 4054 real transactions.
•Laboratory scale production of an all-solid-state battery cell is assessed using Life Cycle Assessment.•The foremost share of overall emissions results from electricity consumption on site.•Possible ...improvement potential when upscaling production processes is investigated.•LCA results prove: early research stage products are not comparable to competing technologies at commercial stage.•Additional resource analysis shows: lanthanum, lithium and zirconium are critical materials.
In this investigation the environmental impacts of the manufacturing processes of a new all-solid-state battery (SSB) concept in a pouch bag housing were assessed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for the first time. To do so, the different production steps were investigated in detail, based on actual laboratory scale production processes. All in- and outputs regarding material and energy flows were collected and assessed. As LCA investigations of products in an early state of research and development usually result in comparatively higher results than those of mature technologies in most impact categories, potential future improvements of production processes and efficiency were considered by adding two concepts to the investigation. Apart from the laboratory production which depicts the current workflow, an idealized laboratory production and a possible industrial production were portrayed as well.
The results indicate that electricity consumption plays a big role due to a lot of high temperature production steps. It needs to be improved for future industrial production. Also enhanced battery performance can strongly influence the results. Overall the laboratory scale results indeed improve strongly when assuming a careful use of resources, which will likely be a predominant target for industrial production. These findings therefore highlight hotspots and give improvement targets for future developments. It can also be deducted, that a comparison to the results of competing technologies that have already reached a commercial stage is not recommended for early LCAs.
To round things off a resource analysis was also conducted. It identifies the usage of lanthanum, lithium and zirconium oxide as critical, especially when taking laboratory production as a base. When looking at the scale up to industrial production parameters, lanthanum and lithium remain critical, zirconium oxide not.
Liquid Haskell is an extension to the type system of Haskell that supports formal reasoning about program correctness by encoding logical properties as refinement types. In this article, we show how ...Liquid Haskell can also be used to reason about program efficiency in the same setting. We use the system's existing verification machinery to ensure that the results of our cost analysis are valid, together with custom invariants for particular program contexts to ensure that the results of our analysis are precise. To illustrate our approach, we analyse the efficiency of a wide range of popular data structures and algorithms, and in doing so, explore various notions of resource usage. Our experience is that reasoning about efficiency in Liquid Haskell is often just as simple as reasoning about correctness, and that the two can naturally be combined.
Emerging technologies rapidly change the essential qualities of modern societies in terms of smart environments. To utilize the surrounding environment data, tiny sensing devices and smart gateways ...are highly involved. It has been used to collect and analyze the real-time data remotely in all Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Since the IIoT environment gathers and transmits the data over insecure public networks, a promising solution known as authentication and key agreement (AKA) is preferred to prevent illegal access. In the medical industry, the Internet of Medical Things (IoM) has become an expert application system. It is used to gather and analyze the physiological parameters of patients. To practically examine the medical sensor-nodes, which are imbedded in the patient's body. It would in turn sense the patient medical information using smart portable devices. Since the patient information is so sensitive to reveal other than a medical professional, the security protection and privacy of medical data are becoming a challenging issue of the IoM. Thus, an anonymity-based user authentication protocol is preferred to resolve the privacy preservation issues in the IoM. In this paper, a Secure and Anonymous Biometric Based User Authentication Scheme (SAB-UAS) is proposed to ensure secure communication in healthcare applications. This paper also proves that an adversary cannot impersonate as a legitimate user to illegally access or revoke the smart handheld card. A formal analysis based on the random-oracle model and resource analysis is provided to show security and resource efficiencies in medical application systems. In addition, the proposed scheme takes a part of the performance analysis to show that it has high-security features to build smart healthcare application systems in the IoM. To this end, experimental analysis has been conducted for the analysis of network parameters using NS3 simulator. The collected results have shown superiority in terms of the packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, throughput rates, and routing overhead for the proposed SAB-UAS in comparison to other existing protocols.
Resource analysis is one of the important methods and tools to solve inventive problems in TRIZ. Effective use of resources is the key to form product functional principle innovations and generate ...technical solutions. In view of the problems that the conceptual design process requires too much experience of designers and is not systematic, the conceptual design is combined with resource analysis method in this paper. Considering the influence of attribute similarity and position weight between components in technical system, an innovative resource analysis method is proposed to accurately exploit available resources in system and super-system to assist the process of conceptual design. The abstract process of resource exploiting in conventional resource analysis methods can be transformed into a specific process of calculating resource similarity by this method. It has the advantages of high computability, strong standardisation and systematisation. The method can not only effectively improve the efficiency and quality of conceptual design, but also lay a theoretical research foundation for the development of computer aided innovation (CAI) software in the future.
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