The study of the size and age parameters of the brachiopod shell revealed changes in the predominant growth trajectories in the species
Macandrevia cranium
(Müller, 1776)
, Laqueus californianus
...(Koch, 1843)
, Diestothyris frontalis
(Middendorf, 1849)
, Megathyris detruncata
(Gmelin, 1790) and, possibly, in
Eohemithyris grayi
(Woodward, 1955)
, Argyrotheca cuneata
(Risso, 1826)
,
and
Joania cordata
(Risso, 1826). The change is associated with the stages of development of the brachydial loop and reaching puberty. In the species
Hemithiris psittacea
(Gmelin, 1790)
, Terebratulina retusa retusa
(Linnaeus, 1758)
, Terebratulina retusa septentrionalis
(Couthouy, 1838)
, Terebratulina unguicula
(Carpenter, 1864)
, Eucalathis murrayi
(Davidson, 1878)
, Terebratella enzenspergeri
Blochmann, 1906, changes in the predominant growth trajectories were not observed. The appearance of hypothetical descendants of brachiopods with growth changes formed as a result of paedomorphosis is proposed. The genus
Eucalathis
Fischer et Oehlert, 1890 and
Nanacalathis
Zezina, 1981 emerged from an evolutionary process of fetalization.
The aim of this study was to explore the accumulation potential of heavy metals (HMs) by Ficus retusa L. and its possible use for air pollution biomonitoring in urban areas. Plant material was ...sampled along the national roads in Constantine city (NE-Algeria), characterized by an intense traffic load. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were determined in the washed and unwashed leaves. The mean concentrations of HMs decrease in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd for both studied leaves, and were about 0.68 and 0.98 mg/kg d.m for Cd, 7.26 and 8.74 mg/kg d.m for Cu, 20.35 and 37.61 mg/kg d.m for Pb and 63.33 mg/kg d.m and 75.94 mg/kg d.m for Zn, for washed and unwashed leaves respectively. The studied metal contents were significantly higher than those cited in the literature; this indicates the traffic road impact on HMs emissions and uptake by plants. Higher values of metal accumulation index (MAI) indicate the effectiveness of the studied species for monitoring air metallic pollution in urban areas. Results of this study could be beneficial as preliminary reference values for HMs uptake by F. retusa in urban environments.
In this paper, we report the usefulness of woody species for the biomonitoring of air metallic pollution. The aim is to explore the accumulation potential of heavy metals (HMs) by Ficus retusa L. and its possible use for air pollution biomonitoring in urban areas. To our knowledge, there are few studies on the use of the genus Ficus for air quality monitoring. The determination of heavy metal contents has been focused on leaves of Ficus benjamin and Ficus microcarpa in urban areas by some researchers, but never on Ficus retusa. The use of this species is significant because it can be cultivated in urban area and can help to remediate the soils and atmospheric pollution due to heavy metals.
Root-associated bacteria strongly affect plant growth and development by synthesizing growth regulators and stress-relieving metabolites. The present study is mainly focused on assessing aerial ...root-associated bacteria of
(L.) Blume is an endemic epiphytic orchid responsible for auxin production and influencing plant growth. A bacterial isolate,
Y411, was found to be the most active producer of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The maximum IAA production (170µg/mL) was recorded with the bacterium at optimum process parameters such as pH 7, temperature 30°C, and tryptophan 1000 µg/mL in a culture medium for 48 h. The extracted auxin was purified and analyzed by FT-IR, HPLC, and HR-MS, indicating bacterial auxin has a similar mass value to 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid auxin. Furthermore, the bacterial auxin was tested on
propagation of orchid,
, and 90% seed germination was recorded in Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with bacterial auxin. The novel results obtained in this study are used for agricultural applications and the
Y411 is a valuable biotechnological resource for a natural auxin.
Retusa pertenuis is still formally considered a junior subjective synonym of Retusa obtusa, despite previous data indicating R. pertenuis and R. obtusa differ significantly in copulatory system ...morphology. In this paper, we study the species identity and population structure of R. pertenuis with an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular data. The external morphology, head copulatory system and gizzard plates were studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We also obtained two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and two nuclear (H3 and 28S) markers to test the monophyly of R. pertenuis and R. obtusa. Populations from the White Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan were studied using COI and 18S molecular markers. Our results show that Retusa obtusa sensu lato represents a species complex of at least four species: the nominative species occurring in the North Atlantic, the widely distributed R. pertenuis and two additional species whose identities should be clarified in further studies. Retusa pertenuis geographic range encompasses the North Atlantic, Eurasia’s northern seas, the Canadian Arctic, the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. Within R. pertenuis’s range, this species demonstrates a wide variability in shell morphology.
The structure, antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of polysaccharides from Nitraria retusa fruits (named as NRFP) were investigated. The NRFP fraction, with a molecular weight of 66.5 kDa, ...was composed of a β-(1 → 3)-glucan, containing neutral sugars (69.1%) but also uronic acids up to 23.1% due to pectin structure. The monosaccharide composition highlighted a polymer composed of glucose (41.4%), galacturonic acid (30.5%), galactose (12.6%), arabinose (11.8%) and rhamnose (3.70%). In the antioxidant assays, NRFP exhibited effective total antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 7.82 mg/ml), scavenging activities on DPPH radical (IC50 = 0.87 mg/ml) and hydrogen peroxide (IC50 = 2.03 mg/ml). In addition, NRFP proved protective effects on H2O2 induced hemolysis (IC50 = 66.2 μg/ml). In vivo NRFP reduced the hyperlipidemia, hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular and coronary diseases induced by Triton X-100.
Coral reefs experience biologically-driven pCO2 oscillations that are predicted to become more extreme in magnitude and duration under ocean acidification (OA) regimes. Understanding the plasticity ...of responses in common reef-building corals to oscillations in pCO2 will allow for better predictions of their function in future seawater conditions. This study explored the effects of variation in seawater pCO2 on coral calcification using experiments conducted over one month between 9 April 2018 and 18 May 2018. Branches (~4-cm long) of Acropora retusa were sampled from colonies at 10-m depth on the fore reef of Mo'orea, French Polynesia (17° 28′ 53.9004" S, 149° 49′ 50.5992" W). We tested the hypothesis that depressed calcification caused by elevated pCO2 (~1000 μatm) is relaxed (i.e., calcification increases) upon return to ambient pCO2 (~400 μatm). Corals first were incubated in ambient or elevated pCO2 for 19 days, with the result that calcification integrated over this period was reduced by 31% under elevated pCO2. The same corals were then incubated at ambient pCO2 for 11 days, during which calcification was independent of the experimental pCO2 exposure history. Our results suggest that a quick relaxation of pCO2-depressed calcification in A. retusa following cessation of high pCO2 indicates that corals are capable of a reversible plastic response of calcification when confronted by pCO2 oscillations.
•Coral reefs experience biologically-driven pCO2 oscillations•Calcification of A. retusa with two pCO2 exposure histories differed.•When subsequently placed in common pCO2 environment, calcification was similar.•Some corals are capable of a reversible plastic response of calcification.
Hongmu is a type of material with strong corrosion resistance, and its extract has wood preservative properties in a variety of environmental settings. Herein, the processing residue of
Dalbergia ...retusa
was used to obtain an ethanol-extract, whose anti-fungal properties and mechanism was investigated using multi-omics principles and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that
D. retusa
extract had a strong inhibitory effect on decaying fungus, and the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. High-throughput sequencing detected a total of 11,755 genes for transcriptome comparison. A total of 390 genes were differentially expressed, with 69 up-regulated and 321 down-regulated genes, indicating that
D. retusa
extract can significantly affect metabolic processes in decaying fungus. GC-MS results revealed that
D. retusa
extract was rich in phenols, ketones, amines, and aromatic compounds, which are likely to contribute to the excellent synergy between anti-fungal properties and anti-fungal activity (anti-fungal ability and active ingredients). In summary, this study describes the anti-fungal components in
D. retusa
extract, and our results provide a foundation for the study of their mechanism of action in this tree species.
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