Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt räumlich-demographische Prozesse in der Stadtregion Hamburg und sucht dabei Antworten auf die Fragen, inwieweit die Veränderungsprozesse tatsächlich eine ...stabile (Re)Konzentration von Bevölkerung in verkehrssparsamen, das heißt funktionsgemischten und gut an den öffentlichen Verkehr angebundenen Räumen bewirken und ob zumindest Ansätze neuer Stadtaffinität zu entdecken sind. Ausgehend von dem Befund, dass in Hamburg Reurbanisierung nach verschiedenen Konzepten messbar ist, werden die Wanderungsmuster der Bevölkerung in der Stadtregion anhand von Daten der amtlichen Statistik genauer untersucht. So wird ersichtlich, dass der Bevölkerungsgewinn der Stadt bzw. die Bevölkerungskonzentration in der Stadt dadurch entsteht, dass sie Einwohner von außerhalb der Region – vorwiegend aus Städten – gewinnt und die Stadtbewohner seltener ins Umland ziehen. Die Ursache für die innerregionalen Veränderungsprozesse ist das veränderte Wanderungsverhalten von Personen über 30 Jahren und Kindern sowie Kohorteneffekte der über 45-Jährigen, während die Bildungswanderer und Berufseinsteiger (18- bis 29-Jährige) als Träger des zunehmenden überregionalen Austauschs bezeichnet werden können. Diese empirischen Befunde stützen bestehende Thesen zu Ursachen der Reurbanisierung. Besonders hervorzuheben ist, dass die quantitativen Daten auch der These von ‚Alten‘ als Träger der Reurbanisierung entsprechen.
This study examines the changing demography of the Spanish city of León, and aims to explore the manner in which its urban fabric was reshaped by processes of reurbanization, a dynamic whereby the ...inner city becomes more attractive to a wide variety of household types and social groups. We draw on sociodemographic analyses of municipal census data, as well as a customized questionnaire survey of local residents. Empirical evidence is provided both for the city as a whole and two inner-city districts, Casco Antiguo and El Ejido. Among other findings, it is argued that, although the contiguous built-up area of the city is clearly losing its inhabitants through out-migration and aging, there are a series of small-scale migration flows that increasingly concentrate "nontraditional" households in and around the city center. This is accompanied by an increasing trend toward "city-mindedness" as a residential choice and housing preference among both in-migrants and the long-time residential population. Overall, the evidence points to the emergence of a spatially fragile, fragmented reurbanization process.
Since the second half of the 1990s, population figures started to recover in the central wards of Tōkyō. The suburban hinterland, by contrast, is marked by overall stagnation. This study focuses on ...the question of how this process is affecting the social composition of the city center, illustrated by the case of Minato ward. It can be demonstrated that Tōkyō is certainly not a "revanchist city" in the sense defined by Neil Smith in his study on New York (1996), nor is it appropriate to interpret the re-urbanization process as a mere return of middle-mass suburbanites, a view that is popular in Japan. Instead, by developing high-rise housing clusters on centrally located brownfield land or newly reclaimed waterfront sites, a gradual and place-selective replacement of the preexisting, socially rather mixed population of central Tōkyō by in-movers who are mainly composed of singles and childless couples (and only in some areas including a larger share of nuclear families) is taking place. Based on the idea of a multi-functional and neatly designed city landscape which can prevail in the competition with other global cities, this process is actively promoted by state authorities as key actors. It is therefore concluded that re-urbanization of central Tōkyō can be put in the context of "new-build gentrification" as defined by Davidson and Lees (2005). /// Seit der zweiten Hälfte der 1990er Jahre verzeichnen die inneren Stadtbezirke von Tōkyō wieder deutliche Bevölkerungsgewinne, während das suburbane Umland insgesamt stagniert. Die Hauptfragestellung dieses Beitrags berührt die soziale Dimension dieses Prozesses, dargestellt am Beispiel des Stadtbezirks Minato. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Tōkyō sicher keine revanchist city in der von Neil Smith am Beispiel von New York (1996) dargelegten Weise darstellt, man aber ebenso wenig von einer einseitigen (Wieder-)Aneignung des Stadtzentrums durch ehemalige Suburbaniten der breiten Mittelschicht sprechen kann, wie dies in Japan häufig getan wird. Vielmehr findet vor allem über die Neubebauung aufgelassener Areale im binnenwärtigen Stadtgebiet sowie neu aufgeschütteter Flächen an der waterfront eine graduelle und räumlich punktuelle Minorisierung der altansässigen, sozial durchaus gemischten Bevölkerung zentraler Stadtteile durch eine Klientel statt, die mehrheitlich aus Ledigen bzw. Kinderlosen und nur in einigen Fällen auch stärker aus Familien mit Kindern besteht. Basierend auf der Leitvorstellung einer multifunktionalen und morphologisch geordneten Stadt, die auch in Zukunft im global city-Wettbewerb bestehen kann, wird der Prozess vom Zentralstaat und den betroffenen lokalen Gebietskörperschaften ausdrücklich gefördert. Damit lässt sich der Reurbanisierungsprozess im Zentrum der japanischen Hauptstadt in den Kontext der von Davidson und Lees (2005) beschriebenen new-build gentrification einordnen.
The current academic discussion on residential mobility among the elderly mainly deals with two contradictory processes: Either it is assumed that future generations will behave as this generation ...does with respect to their conceptions of life and their choice of residence and a significant number will leave the cities upon retirement in order to settle in suburbia. Or a fundamental trend reversal is expected towards reurbanization and urban revival for all age groups and thus the generation 50plus also. For an investigation in the Munich metropolitan area, whose results are discussed here, it was at first assumed that the seniors of the generation 50plus would clearly behave differently than today's elderly, i.e. would be characterized by different lifestyles that would perhaps also be realized in other (residential) locations. The evaluation of the empirical data showed that those surveyed in the Munich metropolitan area are neither planning to leave the city in large numbers nor are large numbers of former suburbanites planning on moving to the cities. Thus, after retirement, persistence with respect to staying in their principal residences combined with temporary stays in their second residence arrangements — if available — is planned. The city of Munich will most likely not experience a renaissance among the generation 50plus, since there was no "crisis of the city". Indeed, Munich remains an attractive location for those surveyed — as long as they can afford to live in the city. The main challenges for urban housing market policies will be to provide "affordable" housing in the city. In der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Diskussion zur Wohnmobilität von Älteren werden zwei konträre Prozesse behandelt: Entweder wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich zukünftig Ältere bzgl. ihrer Lebenskonzepte und deren Verortung analog zu den jetzigen Älteren verhalten werden und in einem nennenswerten Umfang im Ruhestand die Kernstädte verlassen, um sich im suburbanen Raum niederzulassen, oder es wird eine fundamentale Trendwende im Sinne einer Reurbanisierung und eine Renaissance der Städte für alle Altersgruppen und damit auch für die Generation 50plus erwartet. Für eine Untersuchung in der Großstadtregion München, deren Ergebnisse in diesem Beitrag diskutiert werden, wurde zunächst prinzipiell davon ausgegangen, dass sich die Generation 50plus als Seniorengeneration von der heute älteren Generation deutlich unterscheiden wird, d. h. andere Lebensstile ausprägt, die vermutlich auch an anderen (Wohn-)Standorten realisiert werden. Die Auswertung der empirischen Daten ergab, dass die Befragten in der Großstadtregion München weder in größerem Ausmaß planen, die Stadt im Alter zu verlassen, noch zieht es die ehemaligen Suburbaniten in großer Zahl in die Städte. Für die Zeit im Ruhestand ist somit eine Persistenz bzgl. des Hauptwohnsitzes kombiniert mit temporären Aufenthalten am Zweitwohnsitz — falls vorhanden — geplant. Die Stadt München erlebt voraussichtlich bezüglich der Generation 50plus keine "Renaissance", da es in dieser Generation auch keine "Krise der Stadt" gab, sondern sie ist unverändert ein attraktiver Standort für die Befragten — sofern sie sich das städtische Wohnen leisten können. Die Herausforderungen der städtischen Wohnungsmarktpolitik liegen in der Bereitstellung "leistbaren" Wohnraums in der Stadt.
Many 21st century cities have the potential to be sustainable and resource-saving living spaces when multifunctional structures, well-integrated transportation infrastructure, and democratic ...governance processes are present. Sustainable urban futures require a focus on the needs of humans and environmental best practices, as well as on the creative scope for community-driven sustainability innovations. This book is based on contributions from science and practice to the international symposium on “Sustainable Urban Development at Different Scales” organized by the Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, in May 2014. The symposium used the global urbanization and reurbanization trend as an opportunity to examine cities as sustainable living spaces. This book identifi es concepts, analytic approaches, and practical applications for the design of sustainable urban futures among multiple disciplines and cultural backgrounds.
A browner shade of green Castello, Lineu
Procedia engineering,
2011, 2011-00-00, Letnik:
21
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The paper advances a quite peculiar view of sustainability, assuming that new concepts for urban environmental sustainability will consistently call for a standstill in the exurban centrifugal sprawl ...of urban growth; and that subjective environmental components will most surely play a decisively crucial role for gaining objective benefits towards an increased sustainability. Within the terms of the assumption, the paper deals with urban planning strategies for halting sprawl, such as the reuse of abandoned inner-city brownfield areas; the creation of urban places imbued with symbolic environmental meaning for people's perception, such as the reuse of strategic cultural heritage elements; and a tactic combination of both actions, encouraging the creation of places in brownfield sites. In sum, with new directions to achieve sustainable patterns of development through planning, envisaging for a compact city enriched with a network of places that contribute to enhance the urban quality of life.
The Changing Shape of Metropolitan America Landis, John
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
11/2009, Letnik:
626, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the same way that rural towns gave way to cities in the middle of the nineteenth century, cities gave way to metropolitan areas in the middle of the twentieth century. Today, the United States is ...overwhelmingly metropolitan. Using tabular and spatial data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the Department of Labor, and the U. S. Geological Survey, this article explores metropolitan population, employment, and urban settlement trends since 1990. The first part of the article compares intermetropolitan changes in population and employment in 1990, 2000, and 2007. The second part considers the changing intrametropolitan distribution of population and households between 1990 and 2000 and of employment between 1994 and 2003. Finally, the third part explores changes in density and urban land cover between 1990 (or 1992) and 2000 (or 2001). These findings are reported by geographic region, metropolitan area size, and metropolitan gateway status.
Issues of intense suburbanization and urban sprawl have been the most discussed threads in the recent debate on urban development in Poland. Meanwhile, in numerous cities of Western Europe signs of ...inner-city revival have been observed and investigated. Led by demographic and lifestyle changes alike, such reurbanization trends are found to be closely related to household transformations. Results of undertaken studies indicate that residential preferences of non-traditional households, such as singles, cohabitations, childless couples or flatsharers, gravitate to inner-city living. The aim of this paper is to reveal similar tendencies in a postsocialist city, using the example of Gdańsk. Presented results of statistical and qualitative data analyses point towards confirmation of incipient reurbanization, although with several distinctions following from the postsocialist context
This paper investigates how urban planning and spatial policy at the local scale has shaped and responded to the rapid growth of city-centre housing development in Birmingham. The rapid growth of ...private residential development in the heart of England's large regional cities since the 1990s raises new opportunities and challenges for planners, especially concerning the long-term sustainability of this market and its implications for adjacent inner-city districts. While this phenomenon is the subject of a growing literature, there is little empirically grounded research into the recent role of the local state in facilitating, shaping or tempering this process in English cities. This paper aims to provide such an investigation through a detailed case study of Birmingham, site of England's second largest regional city-centre housing market. It critically analyses the city's experience through three phases of development and corresponding planning approaches with particular emphasis on the evolving use of subsidy - from early efforts to stimulate the market to more recent attempts to broaden and diversify the housing supply. This discussion explores the rationale behind policy, practical innovations, limitations and outstanding issues, including the need for a more proactive and integrated planning framework in the future. It concludes by highlighting the need for further empirical comparative research to better understand the long-term planning implications and opportunities raised by the city living process.
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