At the end of the Second World War there were approximately 100.000 people living in the compact part of Ljubljana. A period of rapid population development ensued (urbanisation) because of ...immigration from other parts of Slovenia and later from various regions of the former Yugoslav Republics. This period is marked by numerous new housing estates and early stagnation of the old city core. A period ob sub-urbanisation followed and city expansion along the main roads, interspersed with poor quality building and illegal development. Costly renewal of old buildings, diminished construction of housing estates and high prices of building land triggered the flight of city dwellers (de-urbanisation) and caused non-urban development in neighbouring municipalities (secondary urbanisation). By rehabilitation of the old city centre and attempts at revitalisation Ljubljana is trying re-urbanise itself. The flight of the younger population, caused by limited offer of housing, still remains the main problem that furthermore causes increased volumes of daily commuting and congestion in the city centre caused by parked vehicles. The tally of increased population during the last decade to small neighbouring municipalities, caused by flight from Ljubljana, is 20.000, while the population of Ljubljana is decreasing. With its quarter of a million inhabitants, Ljubljana is the third smallest capital city of Europe (without the “pocket” states). The main issue in the neighbouring municipalities is expressively non-urban development, meaning that too much land is used and the utilities infrastructure threshold is not met. The present division of the Ljubljana metropolitan region truly calls for a Strategy of spatial development, at least on the level of the Ljubljana urban region.
The paper examines the phenomenon of counter-urbanisation in western Europe and argues that by the late 1980s there was evidence of reurbanisation in some cities. Changes in public finance, in ...housing preferences and in employment location were leading to a redensification of cities which is likely to continue through the 1990s. The paper uses detailed data from Glasgow and the west central Scotland conurbation, first to indicate how the massive outward movement of residential population to the suburbs and beyond had slowed to the extent that the distribution of residential population between core city, suburban ring and exurbs was almost unchanged in 1981-88, and secondly to show how the inner city's share of the conurbation's employment actually rose after 1984.
China's rural population an employment is at the intersection of two major trends: speeding aging and accelerating urbanization. Inadequate urbanization with excessive aging makes population ...agglomeration of many small towns in China's eastern developed areas hirple and trouble. The impact of economic restructuring, sustained fertility decline, start of decreasing infloating labor increment, makes most of eastern developed small towns lack population concentration effect, stagnating or even decline in the size of the total population. Aim at the dilemma, with the example of Zhejiang province and its 12 samples located in Hangzhou area, this paper discussed the sustainability and effectiveness of small towns' population concentration and influencing factor which might has long been ignored in the study of their problem. Speeding aging brings about disurbanization and reurbanization, and the spatial layout of the urban system accelerates to step into disequilibrium gathering. More and more villiges in sample towns dispearing, and more and more small towns following, at the same time, polarization effect of regional metropolitans has being further strengthened. Small towns is entering an era of merging and restructuring. Government-oriented small town's concentrated mode is quite difficult to arrive at their expected urbanization level. Due to unsustainable government investment and severe one-child control, the effect population concentration is weakening. While the impact has not yet caught the attention of many local governments. Upgrading small towns into the sub-centers of medium-sized cities requires adequate investment. With the asset bubble of China's large and medium-sized cities extended to the small towns, too high price of the real estate market is actually crowding out local farmers into small towns because the threshold has become more high. Chinese government should pay attention to the negative impact of low population growth on the small town population agglomeration and adjust the current family planning policy as soon as possible, and efficient public service responsed to population aging in small town areas has become more and more urgent.
The Cyclical Urbanization Model Nyström, Jan
Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography,
01/1992, Letnik:
74, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The cyclical urbanization model is a theoretical approach that has been used to describe previous and future stages of development in European urban areas. In this article the structural approach of ...the model is analysed. There are several reasons why the model could not be applied to the general urban development in Europe 1980-90. One point made is that the shift between urban stages is not as inevitable as the model suggests. The delimitation of functional urban regions also makes it impossible to see what is happening in middle-sized or small towns. The concepts of the model may be used in partial descriptions of urban processes, but not as a consistent whole.
Population trends in the 1980's in some city regions in Scandinavia and England have been analysed with reference to the assumptions made in the model that there will be a shift in population back to the urban core. The city regions studied do not, however, show a uniform population development during the 1980's. Even though it has been possible to detect reurbanization in some cities, this is by no means a new general stage of development that has come to light. It is true that in Sweden we can see how the population is undergoing a concentration in large city areas, but at the same time considerable dispersion within the environs of these cities is taking place.
URBAN DEVELOPMENTS AND TRANSPORTATION KLAASSEN, L. H.
Rivista internazionale di economia dei trasporti,
08/1980, Letnik:
7, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The article describes the relation between urban developments and transportation. It is described how urban decline started in the city centres. This marked the beginning of the suburbanisation stage ...in which the central city is declining in population but the ring is rapidly increasing. The residences in the central city and even more so, in the city centre, were replaced by offices and other buildings in which tertiary activities were housed. A rapid separation of work places and residences took place, resulting in an extremely inefficient use of road infrastructure as well as permanent and sizeable deficits of the public transportation system. This process of suburbanisation has now, at least for a considerable number of larger agglomerations in Western Europe and the US, resulted in actual desurbanisation, in an absolute decline of the population of the agglomerations. They are now planning for decline while medium-sized towns ar growing rapidly and enjoying considerable income increases. Reactions to this process of desurbanisation are now noticeable. People begin to have misgivings as they see how the central function of the city cores are being eroded, how their residential function is dwindling, how the level of provisions is falling, while on the other hand offices are getting the upper hand. There is now a growing conviction that the residential functioning of inner cities ought to be restored and the office function reduced, in this way giving new impulses to the city centres, purchasing power attracted, shops revived and the traffic situation improved. This process thus set going is one of turning degenerable urban patches once more into towns with living core, fulfilling a real economic, social, and cultural function, a process of re-urbanisation. The question is which way we are heading. Several instruments might lead us towards reurbanisation. One is road-pricing, another is differentiated taxes on urban land use and still others are possible. It must be feared that rent or tax differentiation will violate the municipal finances and congestion tax will meet political resistance because of the alleged effect on the income of simple workers. For these reasons the development of European towns very likely will be disappointing.
ES Ante la situación de crisis actual producida por el COVID, 2020, y las exigencias que nos marca el horizonte 2050, el previsible crecimiento de la población mundial plantea ciertos objetivos que ...ponen en jaque al urbanismo contemporáneo. El derecho a una vivienda digna para cada persona, la producción de alimento suficiente para todas ellas y mantener una sociedad libre y sostenible (que respete los derechos y libertades, apueste por una educación de calidad y potencie una economía avanzada y solidaria), a través de intervenciones que respeten y cuiden el medio ambiente son, entre otros, los retos a los que se enfrenta el urbanismo del futuro, ya que condicionará y/o posibilitará el cumplimiento de estas metas. Para afrontar esos objetivos, el trabajo analiza la situación actual de los polígonos industriales en fase de obsolescencia y su impacto en el contexto urbano, a fin de plantear una vía de rehabilitación urbanística a partir de una componente de reciente demanda asociada a la innovación y el desarrollo, los espacios de producción agrícola tecnificada. Los cuales posibilitan la generación de usos mixtos, el aprovechamiento de los espacios ya construidos y la amortización de los costes de reurbanización.
EN Facing the actual situation of crisis caused by COVID, 2020, and the established measures of the 2050 deadline, foreseeable human population growth brings up certain goals that left contemporary urbanism in a tight spot. The right to a worthy dwelling for each person, enough food production for everyone and maintaining a free and sustainable society (which respects rights and liberties, bets for quality education and develops an advanced and supportive economy), through environment respectful and careful interventions, are, among others, the challenges for future urbanism, since it will condition and/or enable to achieve these goals. To face those objectives, this paper analyzes the current obsolescing industrial estates situation, and their urban context impact, in other to set out an urban rehabilitation path from recent demand component related to innovation and development, the high-tech agriculture production spaces. Which allow mixed uses creation, the harnessing of already built spaces and reurbanization costs amortization.
EN Facing the actual situation of crisis caused by COVID, 2020, and the established measures of the 2050 deadline, foreseeable human population growth brings up certain goals that left contemporary urbanism in a tight spot. The right to a worthy dwelling for each person, enough food production for everyone and maintaining a free and sustainable society (which respects rights and liberties, bets for quality education and develops an advanced and supportive economy), through environment respectful and careful interventions, are, among others, the challenges for future urbanism, since it will condition and/or enable to achieve these goals. To face those objectives, this paper analyzes the current obsolescing industrial estates situation, and their urban context impact, in other to set out an urban rehabilitation path from recent demand component related to innovation and development, the high-tech agriculture production spaces. Which allow mixed uses creation, the harnessing of already built spaces and reurbanization costs amortization.
ES Ante la situación de crisis actual producida por el COVID, 2020, y las exigencias que nos marca el horizonte 2050, el previsible crecimiento de la población mundial plantea ciertos objetivos que ponen en jaque al urbanismo contemporáneo. El derecho a una vivienda digna para cada persona, la producción de alimento suficiente para todas ellas y mantener una sociedad libre y sostenible (que respete los derechos y libertades, apueste por una educación de calidad y potencie una economía avanzada y solidaria), a través de intervenciones que respeten y cuiden el medio ambiente son, entre otros, los retos a los que se enfrenta el urbanismo del futuro, ya que condicionará y/o posibilitará el cumplimiento de estas metas. Para afrontar esos objetivos, el trabajo analiza la situación actual de los polígonos industriales en fase de obsolescencia y su impacto en el contexto urbano, a fin de plantear una vía de rehabilitación urbanística a partir de una componente de reciente demanda asociada a la innovación y el desarrollo, los espacios de producción agrícola tecnificada. Los cuales posibilitan la generación de usos mixtos, el aprovechamiento de los espacios ya construidos y la amortización de los costes de reurbanización.
