The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of climatic adaptation of red currant genotypes (Ribes rubrum L.) on the basis of physiological, biochemical and agrometeorological measurements and to ...determine the different phenophases of plant development identify adaptive genotypes for introduction. The studies were carried out in 2014–2017. The indicators of the water status of annual shoots (water content, water retention capacity), the biochemical composition of berries (vitamin C) and phenological observations were evaluated, taking into account meteorological data. The genotypes of R. petraeum Wulf. and R. multiflorum Kit. had the longest production period. Ambiguous data on the influence of temperature on the content of ascorbic acid in berries were revealed. High temperatures (>+26 °C) contributed to a greater accumulation of ascorbic acid in the cultivars of R. vulgare Lam. High accumulations of vitamin C in the range of +25–27 °C were found in R. petraeum Wulf. and R. multiflorum Kit.. High water content and water loss contributed to early recovery from the dormant state and reduced resistance to spring temperature changes in R. vulgare Lam. Genotypes of R. vulgare Lam., and R. multiflorum Kit. are promising for growing in a zone with a temperate continental climate. The genotypes of the species R. petraeum Wulf are suitable for introduction to the areas with a continental climate. The obtained results are important for adaptive gardening.
Volatiles of jostaberries (Ribes x nidigrolaria Bauer)a hybrid of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) and gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.)were isolated via vacuum headspace extraction and analyzed by ...capillary gas chromatographic methods for the first time. (E)-Hex-2-enal, (E)-hex-2-en-1-ol, (Z)-hex-3-enal, (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol, and 1,8-cineol turned out to be the most dominant volatiles. The variability of the volatile profile was shown by the analysis of jostaberries harvested from different locations in Southern Germany and in different years. In addition to ripe jostaberries, underripe berries were also investigated and changes in the volatile profile were followed during the ripening process. By using sensory analysis, key aroma compounds were elucidated. An aroma model prepared by mixing most odor active compounds ((Z)-hex-3-enal, 1,8-cineol, ethyl butanoate, (E)-hex-2-enal, (E)-hex-3-enal, hexanal, pent-1-en-3-one, methyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and oct-1-en-3-one) in their naturally occurring concentrations showed an overall aroma very similar to that of fresh jostaberries.
Kontrola malahitnog zelenila u proizvodima akvakulture Bilandžić, Nina; Solomun Kolanović prehr. tehnol, Božica; Varenina biotehnol, Ivana
MESO: Prvi hrvatski časopis o mesu,
08/2012, Letnik:
XIV, Številka:
4
Magazine Article
Odprti dostop
Sažetak
Malahitno zelenilo (MZ) se tradicionalno koristi kao trifenilmetanska boja u tekstilnoj industriji, kao pigment te kao prehrambeni aditiv.
U uzgoju riba koristi se kao vrlo učinkovit ...fungicid, parasiticid, antiprotozoan i bacteriocid. U organizmu ribe MZ se metabolizira u
leukomalahitno zelenilo (LMZ) koji se zbog svojih lipofilnih svojstava zadržava u masnom tkivu kroz duže vrijeme. Brojna istraživanja
in vitro i in vivo pokazala su citotoksična, te karcinogena, mutagena i teratogena svojstva MZ i LMZ. Zbog toga je primjena MZ zabranjena
u životinjskih vrsta namijenjenim ishrani u Sjedinjenim Državama odnosno zemljama Europske Unije. Usprkos zabrani MZ se
još uvijek koristi u intenzivnom ribnjačarstvu te su ostaci MZ i LMZ najčešći u incidenciji nedozvoljenih tvari u proizvodima akvakulture.
Zbog toga je Europska Unija propisala granicu najmanje zahtjevane učinkovitosti izvedbe metoda (MRPL, eng. minimum required
performance limit) od 2 μg/kg za određivanje MZ i LMZ. Danas se za kvanifikaciju ostataka MZ i LMZ u tkivima riba primjenjuju metode
tekućinske kromatografije i tekućinske kromatografije tandemske spektrometrije masa. Usprkos zabrani korištenja u zemljama
Europske Unije sustavno se pronalaze povišene koncentracije MZ i LMZ u svim vrstama ribe i ribljih proizvoda. U periodu od 2002. do
2011. godine sustavom brzog uzbunjivanja za hranu i hranu za životinje (RASFF, eng. Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed) povišene
koncentracije MZ i LMZ utvrđene su u 123 uzorka riba i proizvoda. Najveći broj od 50 uzorka zabilježen je 2005. godine. U ukupnom
broju pozitivnih uzoraka 47 uzoraka podrijetlom je iz Vijetnama, 12 iz Indonezije, 10 iz Kine i 3 iz Tailanda odnosno 58,5 % uzoraka
podrijetlom je iz Azije. Prema tome kontrola MZ i LMZ je izrazito važna za zaštitu zdravlja potrošača.
•Thorough characterisation of phenolic compounds in buds/leaves of black currant.•Compositional profiles of three varieties of black currant were compared.•Changes of content of flavonol glycosides ...during the growing season.•Malonylated flavonol glycosides reported for the first time in black currant.
Phenolic compounds in buds and leaves of three varieties of black currant in Finland were identified by HPLC-DAD–ESI-MS/MS. Forty-three phenolic compounds of flavonol glycosides, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids were found in variety “Mikael” whereas only thirty-five in “Mortti” and “Jaloste n:o 15”. Glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol were the major phenolics. Rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoise, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-(6″-malonyl)-glucoside and a kaempferol-malonylhexoside were the most abundant flavonol glycosides. The contents of flavonol glycosides ranged from 1 to 7mg/g fresh weight in leaves showing typically an increasing trend from July to August, reaching the highest values in early October in “Mikael” and the end of August in “Mortti” and “Jaloste n:o 15”. This is the first systematic report of the composition and content of phenolic compounds in buds and leaves of black currant.
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