China's Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) mission recently returned samples from a young intermediate‐Ti mare unit (Em4/P58, ∼1.5 Ga) in Northern Oceanus Procellarum. Rima Sharp, previously mapped as the longest ...lunar sinuous rille, is the most prominent volcanic feature associated with the landing region. Our analysis shows that Rima Sharp is not a single rille, but instead is composed of two separate rilles (Rima Sharp, originating from the North Vent, and Rima Mairan from the South Vent), meeting at ∼40.40°N, 48.38°W. Both vent have characteristics suggesting relatively low magma volatile contents. Rima Mairan and associated lavas (southeast of Em4/P58), embay and are slightly younger than Rima Sharp. Rille formation is largely influenced by pre‐existing topography (earlier mare surface, proto‐wrinkle ridges, highlands); rilles and deposits experienced post‐formation deformation (wrinkle ridges, mare subsidence). CE‐5 samples probably originate mainly from Rima Sharp's source vent, but may represent deposits from both rilles.
Plain Language Summary
A major unanswered question in lunar science is the age and nature of the youngest lunar lava flows, located in the northwest nearside of the Moon but unsampled by Apollo or Luna missions. How long did internal activity and eruption of lavas continue on the Moon? Also very poorly known is the impact flux in the last third of Solar System history. Craters counted on a geologically young lava flow radiometrically dated in the laboratory would answer this question. China's Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) mission recently returned samples from just such a young mare unit. But how was this unit emplaced and how does this help us understand the nature of the lava source regions? Rima Sharp, previously thought to be the longest lunar sinuous rille, crosses the young unit. We find that Rima Sharp is actually formed by two rilles, the 320 km‐long Rima Sharp and the 150 km‐long Rima Mairan, that meet in the middle of the unit. Detailed analysis shows that Rima Sharp was first, forming most of the young basalt unit, followed closely by Rima Mairan, embaying Rima Sharp. Samples returned by CE‐5 are most likely to be from the Rima Sharp eruption.
Key Points
The lunar sinuous rille Rima Sharp is associated with the mare unit sampled by Chang'e‐5, and may have emplaced the unit
Rima Sharp is actually formed by two rilles, ∼320 km long Rima Sharp and ∼150 long km Rima Mairan, that meet in the middle of the unit
Rima Sharp formed first, emplacing most of the lava forming the young basalt unit, followed closely by Rima Mairan, embaying Rima Sharp
•Chang'e-5 mission is China's first lunar sample return mission.•The Chang'e-5 landing site lies within northern Oceanus Procellarum.•Em4 basalts are among one of the youngest mare basalts on the ...Moon.•Samples from Em4 will address lots of fundamental scientific questions.
Chang'e-5, China's first lunar sample return mission, is targeted to land in northern Oceanus Procellarum, within a region selected on the basis of 1) its location away from the Apollo-Luna sampling region, 2) the presence of the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT), 3) the occurrence of one of the youngest lunar mare basalts (Em4), and 4) its association with Rima Sharp. In order to provide context for returned sample analyses, we conducted a comprehensive study of the regional and global settings, geomorphology, composition, mineralogy, and chronology of the Em4 mare basalts. Superposed on Imbrian-aged low-Ti basalts, Em4 covers 37,000 km2 and is composed of Eratosthenian-aged (∼1.53 Ga), high-Ti basalts with a mean thickness of ∼51 m and a volume between ∼1450 and 2350 km3. Minor variations in TiO2 and FeO abundance occur within the unit and the thorium content averages ∼6.7 ppm, typical of PKT mare basaltic regolith. No specific source vents (e.g., fissures, cones, domes) were found within the unit. We show that Rima Sharp is actually composed of three major rilles, whose source vents are located outside of, and which flow into, and merge in Em4, suggesting that they may be among the sources for Em4. Regolith thickness averages ∼7 m and there is abundant evidence for vertical and lateral mixing; the most likely sources of distal ejecta are Aristarchus, Harpalus, and Sharp B craters. Returned samples from local and distant materials delivered by impact will thus provide significant new insights into lunar geochronology, inner Solar System impact fluxes, the age of very young mare basalts, the role of the PKT in the generation of mare basalts, the role of sinuous rilles in lava flow emplacement, and the thermal evolution of the Moon.
En el presente artículo nos proponemos revisar, apoyados en datos cuantitativos, un tema relevante tanto para la versología y la poética comparadas como para los estudios de la traducción. Inspirados ...en algunas ideas y observaciones de Mijaíl Gaspárov y Marco Praloran, revisamos las características de la rima en las obras en octava real de Ludovico Ariosto y Torquato Tasso, y en sus traducciones al español (de Juan de la Pezuela y de Juan Sedeño) y al ruso (de Aleksandr Triandafilidi y de Román Dubrovkin). La comparación entre el uso del artificio de la rima en la misma forma poética, pero en diferentes lenguas, nos permite iluminar cuestiones relacionadas con el tema de "el verso y la lengua", así como el problema de la equivalencia formal y funcional en la traducción poética. Demostramos el uso diferenciado de la "rima fácil" categorial en los originales italianos y en sus traducciones al español, y la suficiencia del repertorio de rimas del ruso para abordar la forma de la octava. El artículo comienza con una reflexión sobre la historia y los desarrollos actuales de la versología comparada.
Introduction: Strengthening self-efficacy is an alternative to prevent drug withdrawal in patients with pulmonary TB. Autogenic relaxation, movement and affirmation (RIMA) therapy can help strengthen ...self-efficacy in patients with pulmonary TB so as to prevent drug withdrawal. The general objective of this study was to determine the role of RIMA therapy in strengthening the self-efficacy of pulmonary TB patients.
Methods: The design of this research is a quasi-experimental using pre-test and post-test with control group design. The Respondents were patients with pulmonary TB in the work area of the Puskesmas Pakis, Malang Regency, a total of 60 people were determined using purposive sampling. RIMA therapy was carried out for 2 weeks, and data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data analysis used Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Mann-Whitney test with α = 0.05%.
Results: The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of RIMA therapy on self-efficacy in the experimental group, which is indicated by a p value = 0.000 (< 0.05). In addition, there is a significant difference in self-efficacy between the experimental group and the comparison group, which is indicated by the p value = 0.000 (< 0.05).
Conclusion: RIMA therapy influences increasing self-efficacy of pulmonary TB patients. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with pulmonary TB carry out RIMA therapy independently at home to support their treatment.
Introduction: The use of two arterial conduits for CABG is rapidly increasing. The second arterial conduit to LITA is usually RITA or radial artery. We sought to compare outcomes when either RITA or ...radial artery is exclusively used as a Y composite graft to LITA for total arterial revascularization.
Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 231 patients who underwent CABG in the period from 2010 to 2014. RITA was used in 178 patients (RITA group) and radial artery was used in 53 patients (radial group).
Results: Radial was used more frequently in female patients and in diabetic patients. Radial group had comparable number of distal anastomoses and lesser operative time to RTIA group. Early postoperative outcomes (low cardiac output syndrome, post-operative myocardial infarction, use of intra-aortic balloon pump, post-operative stroke, re-explorations, incidence of deep sternal wound infection and death) were all comparable in both the groups. Late deaths and need for repeat revascularization were also similar in both the groups for up to 4 years after surgery. Only the incidence of major acute cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was more in the radial group.
Conclusion: Radial artery has comparable short- and mid-term outcomes to RITA when used as a second arterial conduit in CABG. Its use should be especially considered in diabetic patients when DSWI is a concern.
U radu se proučava upotreba rime na odabranim primjerima frazema iz govorâ štokavskoga, čakavskoga i kajkavskoga narječja. Rima može biti stalna sastavnica frazema, povremeni dodatak ili jedna od ...njegovih varijanata. Variranje može biti unutarfrazemsko i međudijalektno. Rimu nalazimo na svim vrstama naglašenih riječi, koje broje od jednog do četiri-pet slogova. Pojednostavljeno za ovu priliku, rima može biti prava, kad od naglašenog samoglasnika do kraja riječi ima iste glasove u istom redoslijedu, ali ne obavezno s istim naglaskom; u radu se navode i analiziraju elementi koji nepravu rimu razlikuju od prave.
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