This paper explores the bi-directional long-run relationship between energy consumption in the road transport sector with CO2 emissions and economic growth in OECD countries. Using time series data ...from 1960 to 2008 and employing the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares cointegration approach, the paper shows positive significant long-run bi-directional relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth, road sector energy consumption and economic growth and CO2 emissions and road sector energy consumption in all the OECD countries. To examine the response of each of the variables to shocks in the value of other variables, the generalized impulse response approach is employed. The response of CO2 emissions to economic growth is initially positive in most cases but it is relatively shorter when compared to its initial response to the road transport sector energy consumption. Moreover, in most cases, the response of carbon emissions to the road transport sector energy consumption lasts longer than its response to economic growth. This implies that most of the CO2 emissions from transport come from energy consumption, thus long-run policies related to the efficient use of energy and shifting to biofuel, renewable and nuclear energy can bring major benefits in mitigating GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions.
•The relationship between GDP, energy and CO2 in OECD's transport is investigated.•The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares cointegration approach was employed.•There is positive long-run bi-directional relationship between the variables.•The response of CO2 to GDP is shorter than its response to the energy consumption.
This paper presents the effects derived from the application of local policies and measures on the update of the circulating vehicle fleet of the city of Madrid in terms of greenhouse gases and urban ...pollutants emissions. The identification of said effects has been possible thanks to the use of Vehicle Fleet Characterization Studies (VFCS), which have been applied to Madrid for the last 10 years. It explores the evolution of several indicators, such as fleet age or urban emissions, through the analysis of the results obtained in the VFCS performed in 2013, 2017 and 2022. These studies help decisively in the evaluation of traffic emissions, thus being a compelling tool in the elaboration of the urban inventories. They constitute a cornerstone in the assessment of the city environmental issues and the decision-making process to reduce the environmental impact and minimize transport-related problems.
The results show that the renovation of the fleet has diminished the emission of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, improving the air quality. However, the emissions of carbon dioxide stay almost unaffected, which suggests that the climate change policies should be oriented towards the decarbonization of the road traffic, mainly by switching to electric vehicles or low-carbon fuels.
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•Vehicle fleet characterization as a useful analysis to develop local policies•Analyzing effects of local environmental policies or designing new ones•Emissions reduction: 42 % for NOx, 48 % for PM2.5 and 8 % for CO2 (average fleet)•Hybrids and low-emitting fuels have increased its presence in a combined 16 %•Air quality has greatly improved, but the impacts on climate change are still high
Air pollution is the major environmental risk to human health. Road transport is one of the major sources for air pollution, particularly nitrogen dioxide, in urban areas, and hence traffic control ...is an important measure in air quality management. A street-scale air quality model, ADMS-Urban, was configured for a case study of the West Midlands, UK to represent a baseline year (2019). Model outputs were evaluated using hourly air pollutant measurement data, and the model demonstrates good performance overall. This modelling tool was then used to explore the effect of five hypothetical traffic reduction scenarios, ranging from 10% to 90% reduction in traffic activity; scenario impacts were analysed over a range of spatial resolutions. The impacts of traffic reduction are highly dependent on spatial resolution (i.e. street scale, electoral ward level and local authority level), which has to be taken into account when formulating policies for managing air quality on local and city-wide scales. There was an almost linear relationship between the predicted annual concentration and traffic reduction for both NO2 and PM2.5. Traffic reduction would principally reduce NO2 concentrations, with even very substantial changes in traffic having more limited effects on reducing PM2.5 concentrations reflecting the importance of regional and non-traffic PM2.5 sources.
•The effect of hypothetical traffic reduction scenarios was simulated.•Traffic reduction would principally reduce NO2 concentrations.•Traffic reduction would have limited effects on reducing PM2.5 concentrations.•The impacts of traffic reduction on air quality are highly dependent on spatial resolution.
Electrification of road transport (or electric mobility) has progressed beyond the demonstration stage, with many Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members increasingly interested in it. ...This study starts with a survey of all ASEAN countries' vehicle fleets, fuel consumption and share, fuel mix in power generation, among others. The potential of electrifying fleets, including passenger vehicles, buses, and trucks – the main consumers of fossil fuel in road transport – is estimated in 2040 scenarios. How electric mobility enhances energy security is assessed using the 4A framework: availability, applicability, acceptability, and affordability of energy. The findings reveal intensive interaction of electrification of road transport with the introduction of higher fuel economy standards and higher integration of renewable energy into the power sector.
•The adoption of electric vehicle (EV) in ASEAN appears to significantly reduce final energy consumption.•Primary energy consumption will increase if fossil fuels dominate in electricity generation.•Higher fuel economy standards are expected to deliver similar or higher impacts than EV adoption.•Electrification of transportation appears to improve energy security of ASEAN countries assessed by the 4A framework.•Policies need to balance the promotion of EV penetration, renewable energy integration and fuel economy standards.
This study estimates CO2e emissions from road transport in the UK under the Future Energy Scenarios from the National Grid ESO through to 2050, including emissions from electricity generation for EVs ...and tailpipe emissions. In addition, it estimates emissions under a combination of the UK current electricity generation mix with the increase in EVs and the reduction in fossil fuel vehicles assumed under the different scenarios. The main finding is that road transport electrification can save CO2e emissions through 2050 even assuming no further decarbonisation of the power sector. All the Future Energy Scenarios with and without decarbonisation of the power sector and with and without bioenergy with carbon capture and storage see emissions decline. There are, however, important differences in the extent to which emissions decline and the only scenarios that achieve negative emissions from road transport are the scenarios that incorporate bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. This provides an opportunity for the UK government to not just reduce emissions from road transport, but to achieve net zero in road transport, and indeed, to yield negative emissions and compensate for other sectors where emissions are not possible to reduce. Some policy recommendations are also provided.
This paper presents an analysis of the main methods of project financing to justify the source of funds when creating a regional information system for road transport, which is a database of the ...organizational activities operating on the principle of an information platform. The necessity of its use as an integral part of the transport digitalization process, the impact on strategic management and the efficiency of resource use has been substantiated. The functioning of the regional information system, its capabilities and the nature of its influence on the process of strategic management of a motor transport company are described. The possibility of its creation as a regional project has been substantiated in order to obtain the possibility of using project financing as a source of investment. The advantages of using an information system have been highlighted, as well as the main ways for further scientific research in the field of its legal organization and technological use of software. The novelty of the study has been reasoned by the absence of such information systems, as well as its consideration as a regional project that contributes to increasing the competitiveness of the Russian economy through the development of transport.
The purpose of the work is to develop methodological tools for determining the potentialities of alternative options for efficient organization of road transport for a metallurgical company. Research ...methods include review of specialized scientific literature, systematic analysis of production processes, economic and mathematical modeling, SWOT analysis, technical and economic analysis. Based on the research, following results were obtained: - the options for organizing the transport support of metallurgical company in modern economic conditions, including the conduct of motor transport activities by the forces of its own motor vehicle workshop, internal and external outsourcing of motor transport services were identified; -the features of organization of road transport for metallurgical company were identified due to the presence of organizational and technological interconnection of customers and contractors of motor transport services; - the essence of the concept and the mechanism for ensuring the balance of interests of metallurgical company, customers of motor transport services, and road carriers, performers of these services, are mathematically interpreted; - the results of comparative analysis of potentialities of outsourcing and its alternatives for organizing transportation activities in metallurgical industry are presented. The results obtained are highly relevant. The use of recommendations proposed in the work will allow balancing the interests of customers and contractors of motor transportation services, making profitable motor transport activities effective for metallurgical production.
Pollutant emissions need to be accurately estimated to ensure that air quality plans are designed and implemented appropriately. Emission factors (EFs) are empirical functional relations between ...pollutant emissions and the activity that causes them. In this review article, the techniques used to measure road vehicle emissions are examined in relation to the development of EFs found in emission models used to produce emission inventories. The emission measurement techniques covered include those most widely used for road vehicle emissions data collection, namely chassis and engine dynamometer measurements, remote sensing, road tunnel studies and portable emission measurements systems (PEMS). The main advantages and disadvantages of each method with regards to emissions modelling are presented. A review of the ways in which EFs may be derived from test data is also performed, with a clear distinction between data obtained under controlled conditions (engine and chassis dynamometer measurements using standard driving cycles) and measurements under real-world operation.
► The accuracy of road emission models is directly linked to the quality of their emission factors. ► Road vehicles have a large natural variability in their emission profiles. ► Emission factors may have different resolution according to their intended use. ► Emission modellers should combine laboratory data with real-world measurements.
The scientific work presents a concrete research carried out by the authors in order to implement some concepts of a technical and economic nature so that the readers can become aware of a certain ...way of presenting the problems regarding knowledge and management knowledge in road transport organizations. It proposes a study, carried out from a managerial point of view with engineering nuances, so that the concept of sustainable development in the addressed field can be viewed in a global context. The work as a whole is intended to be a theoretical approach with correlations in the field of engineering and management, essentially aiming at the sustainable development of road transport. Finally, some conclusions and further research directions in this direction are presented. .
We introduce a static cost model that simulates the cost of decarbonizing the heavy-duty road transport sector. This time-variant model aims to refine existing estimations of investment needs under ...different scenarios. The paper advances sustainability transition’s cost analysis in three ways: 1) providing a novel methodological tool, 2) including the financing cost in the analysis, and 2) testing the cost variance under different charging strategies for battery-electric vehicles and financing interest rates. A plausible scenario is applied to test the model. The paper discusses charging opportunities reliant on charging place, time, power effect, and electricity self-consumption within the charging strategies. Our results highlight the vital contribution of charging strategies to fuel and capital expenses for the system. Moreover, system cost analysis reacts to the change in financing policies, stressing the criticality of sustainable financing in the sustainability transition’s advancement.
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