The COVID-19 pandemic has had a rapid and significant impact on mobility. One of the most important responses of countries worldwide to slow the spread of the pandemic is to restrict the movement of ...people, which has had a considerable effect on transport systems. However, the reduction of transport is not identical for all modes of transport: public transport has seen the greatest decline so far. Understanding urban modal share developments during a pandemic situation can help cities better prepare for transport management in the future.
•COVID-19 measures decreased mobility by half in Budapest, Hungary.•Modal share of public transport decreased dramatically due to COVID-19 measures.•Car usage increased to 65% from 43% in the modal share.•Bicycle usage saw the greatest growth rate by more than doubling its share in the modal share.•Bike sharing became more popular due to rapid measure, other mobility sharing systems saw lower than average decrease.
China's road transport sector is pursuing an early carbon peak and ensuing significant carbon reductions. By combining a comprehensive bottom-up model with Monte Carlo simulation, this study ...evaluates the achievement probabilities of carbon peak goals of China's road transport. The results indicate that without policy intervention, realizing carbon peaking before 2028 is likely to occur, whereas achieving a 20% of carbon reduction by 2035 is difficult, with a probability of approximately 15%. Delivering current policy targets is of no effect on bringing forward carbon peak time or expanding emission reductions, mainly due to the insufficiency of electrification rate targets. This study suggests increasing the electrification rate targets and employing real-world fuel efficiency values as the base for measuring policy compliance. Further actions are recommended, such as proposing a sales ban on high fuel consumption vehicles, imposing carbon taxes, and strengthening emphasis on the truck sector.
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Changing Trends in Personal Vehicle Use Smirnov, Anton; Smolokurov, Evgeniy; Mazhazhikhov, Alim ...
Transportation research procedia (Online),
2023, Letnik:
68
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Even 50 years ago a personal car was an item of luxury and status, but in the future the situation began to change. At this time, the car is a necessary and quite affordable means of transportation ...for many people. Statistical observation in the last decade has shown that the number of cars in Russia has doubled - this has given rise to a lot of problems of a different nature, had a negative impact on the environment. However, with regard to personal vehicles, in recent years there has been a trend towards the refusal of an increasing number of people to purchase and use a personal car. This article examines the reasons that encourage people to abandon the use of personal vehicles, and also analyzes data on the problems associated with cars in an urban environment. The ways of solving these problems in favor of the development and improvement of public transport and alternative ways of using transport in the urban environment are given.
Road transport is one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution in urbanized areas. The volume of emissions from road transport has been increasing starting from 2013. This is mainly due to the ...condition of the transport infrastructure and control systems. Therefore, the development of evidence-based methods of increasing the efficiency of traffic management through the modernization of infrastructure facilities and control systems in problematic areas of the street and road network is crucial and of practical and theoretical interest. This paper analyzes problematic areas of the street and road network in a medium-sized city. The authors have made simulation models of an area of the street and road network on the basis of the discrete-event approach using a road traffic library. Measures to modernize this area are suggested. A computer experiment using a model with a changed configuration has shown that this area has a significant potential of improving traffic flow parameters and, therefore, reducing the environmental impact.
Road transport is associated with high greenhouse gas emissions due to its current dependence on fossil fuels. In this regard, the implementation of alternative fuels such as hydrogen is expected to ...play a key role in decarbonising the transport system. Nevertheless, attention should be paid to the suitability of hydrogen production pathways as low-carbon solutions. In this work, an energy systems optimisation model for the prospective assessment of a national hydrogen production mix was upgraded in order to unveil the potential role of grey hydrogen from steam methane reforming (SMR) and blue hydrogen from SMR with CO2 capture and storage (CCS) in satisfying the hydrogen demanded by fuel cell electric vehicles in Spain from 2020 to 2050. This was done by including CCS retrofit of SMR plants in the energy systems model, as a potential strategy within the scope of the European Hydrogen Strategy. Considering three hypothetical years for banning hydrogen from fossil-based plants without CCS (2030, 2035, and 2040), it was found that SMR could satisfy the whole demand for hydrogen for road transport in the short term (2020–2030), while being substituted by water electrolysis in the medium-to-long term (2030–2050). Furthermore, this trend was found to be associated with an appropriate prospective behaviour in terms of carbon footprint.
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•Updated energy systems model on hydrogen production for road transport (2020–2050)•Inclusion of steam methane reforming (SMR) retrofit with CO2 capture and storage (CCS)•SMR would satisfy the hydrogen demand in the short term.•Low-carbon hydrogen would be produced via electrolysis in the medium-to-long term.•Low sensitivity of the hydrogen production trends to alternative investment costs
Vehicles are a major source of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. Real Driving Emissions (RDE) testing is used to study the real-world effects of parameters that are not considered in ...laboratory testing but that can influence fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. This paper analyzes the vehicle specific power (VSP) and the effects of positive and negative road slopes on the fuel consumption of a sport utility vehicle (SUV). The vehicle was tested on a route at an altitude of 2750 meters in Riobamba, Ecuador. The circuit design included urban, rural, and highway driving that met the requirements of European Union (EU) Regulation 2018/1832. Low-cost devices were used to record data from the road tests to determine fuel consumption as a function of road slope. VSP+ analysis revealed that there is a good correlation with fuel consumption, with an R2 of 0.86. For road slopes of -6% to +6%, the percentage variation in fuel consumption is linearly correlated (R2 = 0.85) with the slope variations.
The monograph focuses on the problems and prospects of development of the road transport complex on the basis of the integrated approach. In Ukraine, the road transport system is one of the priority ...ones. However, its priority status is reflected only in numerous regulations. In such conditions the necessity of realization of scientific achievements and practical recommendations of development of the road transport system as a whole is actualized. The integrated approach to financing, management, innovation, quality and security has been applied. In order to eliminate the regional imbalance in the development of the state, as an urgent measure, methodological principles of support for weak regions have been substantiated and developed, which envisages its implementation in the short term. It is proposed to determine the rating of the best educational institutions in the region on the basis of mathematical modeling. Relevant clusters of educational institutions of the region have been established and systematized, taking into account their sectoral significance, form of ownership, efficiency of state funding and the amount of own revenues. Methodological support for quality management of transport and logistics services has been developed, which includes a certain procedure and a set of appropriate methods for implementing this activity based on the application of the scenario approach and algorithmization of procedures for obtaining possible states of operation of modern transport and logistics sector objects. A set of functional subsystems of an enterprise by analogy with the systems of a living organism, the activity of which is interdependent, which ensures the stability of the «living organism» of the enterprise to the influence of external conditions has been formed. The process of determining and assessing the competencies of employees on the basis of the modern assessment technology «Assessment Center» has been formed. The program of development of corporate social responsibility at internal and external levels of implementation taking into account features of various groups of stakeholders is offered. The combined safety management system «behavior + transport status + infrastructure + permanent monitoring + post-accident services» is offered. The proposed theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the development of the road transport system are of theoretical and practical interest to scientists, entrepreneurs and government agencies.
The impacts of autonomous vehicles (AV) on safety, energy and atmospheric emissions have been recognised to be important issues, but an air quality impact assessment is missing. In this study, by ...using a numerical modelling approach, the impact of AV on the air quality of a medium-sized Portuguese urban area was evaluated. For that, the air pollutants nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were considered and three scenarios were developed: i) a baseline scenario; ii) an autonomous scenario, assuming an AV market penetration rate of 30%; and iii) an electric autonomous scenario, taking into account that those 30% of AV are pure battery electric cars. A modelling system composed by a road traffic model, a road transport emission model and a Computational Fluid Dynamics air quality model was used. The autonomous scenario promoted an increase of both NOx (+1.8%) and CO2 (+0.7%) emissions, while the electric autonomous scenario resulted in emission reductions of about 30% for both air pollutants. In terms of air quality, distinct patterns were found: i) the autonomous scenario promoted both increases and decreases of NOx concentrations; and ii) the electric autonomous scenario promoted a widespread reduction of NOx concentrations (with an average value of −4%). Overall the results showed that AV have the potential to improve urban air quality, but, further research is needed to enrich the findings of this work.
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•Autonomous vehicles technology is seen as an opportunity to deal with cities air pollution.•Two autonomous vehicles scenarios were studied using the VISSIM-VSP-VADIS modelling setup.•The autonomous scenario promoted both increases and decreases of NOx concentrations.•The hybrid scenario promoted a widespread reduction of NOx concentrations.•Positive and negative effects were observed, showing the need of knowledge-based planning of traffic management.
This study determines the dynamic linkages between road transport intensity, road transport passenger and road transport freight, and road carbon emissions in G20 countries in the presence of ...economic growth, urbanization, crude oil price, and trade openness for the period of 1990 to 2016, under the multivariate framework. This study employs the residual-based Kao and Westerlund cointegration technique to find long-run cointegration, and continuously updated bias-corrected (CUP-BC) and continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) methods to check the long-run elasticities between the variables. The long-run estimators’ findings suggest a positive and significant impact of road transport intensity, road passenger transport, road freight transport on road transport CO
2
emissions. Economic growth and urbanization are significant contributing factors in road transport CO
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emissions, while trade openness and crude oil price significantly reduce road transport CO
2
emissions. The Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test results disclose unidirectional causality from road transport intensity and road transport freight to the road transport CO
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emissions. However, the causality between road passenger transport and road transport CO
2
emissions is bidirectional. Finally, comprehensive policy options like subsidizing environmental-friendly technologies, developing green transport infrastructure, and enacting decarbonizing regulations are suggested to address the G20 countries’ environmental challenges.
This work focuses on examining the contribution of passenger cars to CO2, NOX, CO, PM10, and NMVOC emissions, as well as the changes in future emissions resulting from the usage of different types of ...vehicles. Initially, the importance of the road transport sector is discussed, followed by a presentation of data regarding the vehicle fleet. Subsequently, a methodology for forecasting the fleet, and calculating emissions, is introduced. Finally, the results are presented, focusing on the release of gaseous pollutants under different possible scenarios regarding the extent of electric vehicle penetration into the passenger vehicle fleet, for the year 2030.
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