Schön waren sie, diabolisch und verführerisch zugleich, jene ,Zigeuner‘-Figuren, die seit Cervantes’ Gitanilla (1613) auch die Weltliteratur dominierten. All die Heterostereotype, die sie zu ...attraktiven wie bedrohlichen Figuren des fremden Anderen stilisierten, bereiteten, wir wissen es, den Porajmos, die Auslöschung der Roma mit vor. Wie geht man als Angehörige dieser verfemten und verfolgten Gemeinschaft mit diesen Mechanismen von Inklusion und Exklusion, mit den Bildern und Projektionen um? Einige Roma-Autorinnen haben ihre eigene Ästhetik entwickelt, die vor allem das Ambivalente und Hybride dieser Konstruktionen betont und im Rekurs auf die Ästhetik des magischen Realismus, der Mythenbricolage und intermediale Verfahren alternative Formen der Autofiktion herausbildet (cf. von Hagen 2020: 77-98). Eine wichtige Wegbereiterin dieser Verfahren war Sandra Jayat, die spezifisch die doppelte Marginalisierung als Angehörige der weiblichen Roma betont. Insbesondere ihr früher Roman La longue route d’une Zingarina (1978) war hier für viele andere französischsprachige Autorinnen wegbereitend, wurde in den 1980er Jahren aber auch von der Dominanzgesellschaft rezipiert, als dieser Text für die Lektüre im französi schen Schulunterricht empfohlen wurde und Verkaufszahlen von mehr als 40 000 Exemplaren erzielte (cf. Blandfort 2018). Die Autofiktion schildert in der Form einer Mischung aus Poesie, oral tradierten Geschichten und Mythen und einem durch Digressionen gekennzeichneten Entwicklungsroman die schwierige Identitätssuche der jungen Romni Stellina.
Das Unheimliche der Roma Bauer, Sidonia
Lendemains,
12/2021, Letnik:
46, Številka:
182-183
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In seinem Beitrag „Zur Psychoanalyse des geschichtlich Unheimlichen: das Beispiel der Sinti und Roma“ (Maciejewski 1994) hat Maciejewski überzeugend den Antisintismus1 aus der psychoanalytischen ...Untersuchung des Unheimlichen nach Freud hergeleitet. Das Werk La septième fille2 des Roma-Autors Matéo Maximoff (verfasst 1957-1958, erstmals erschienen auf Deutsch 1967 im Züricher Verlag Flamberg, 1979 auf Englisch, 1982 auf Französisch) gestattet es, das Phänomen des Unheimlichen (Maciejewski 1994: 37, id. 1996) im Kontext der Autorepräsentation zu analysieren. Die Handlung des Romans – „le plus beau de ses romans“ (Gartner 1982: 9) – spielt im Jahr 1941 in einem der zehn französischen Internierungslager für Tsiganes, dessen Name nicht näher spezifiziert wird (Maximoff 1982: 29). Der Romani-Schriftsteller und Ethnologe Maximoff (Kovacshazy 2017) richtet sein Hauptaugenmerk auf seine eigene Community, um Differenzen des Umgangs mit unheimlichen Motiven innerhalb der von ihm beschriebenen Gemeinschaft zu reflektieren. Maximoff selbst stammt mütterlicherseits aus einer französischen Manouche-Familie, väterlicherseits von Rom Kalderash ab. Den vorliegenden Roman verfasste er wenige Jahre, nachdem er selbst aus einem Internierungslager im Süden Frankreichs befreit worden war (ibid.: 14). Fiktionalität und Faktualität gehen im Sinne der phantastischen Literatur ein Mischungsverhältnis miteinander ein. Maximoff stützt sich in einer gewollt authentischen Manier auf exakte Beobachtungen der Sitten und Bräuche der „tzigane kalderash“ (ibid.: 14sq.). Besonders ergiebig werden Geschlechterverhältnisse verhandelt. Dem Numinos-Unheimlichen des Weiblichen gilt im Kampf der Geschlechter der Sieg. Die „unheimliche Frau“ (Lampe 2001) in Gestalt der Hexe Dhrabarni und des intelligenten Mädchens Silenka als ihrer Doppelgängerin wird ihre Macht in Form einer verdrängten Sehnsucht des aufgeklärten Mannes nach dem Zuhause des Mutterleibs festigen. Das Werk des Unheimlichen als magisch-sakraler Raum bleibt der außergewöhnlichen Romnia vorbehalten.
Roma community in Romania is one of the largest ethnic communities in this country. Romani people integration and reducing disparities between the Roma community and the majority one is a priority ...for both the Romanian state and the Roma civil society. The integration of the Roma on the labor market is an important step in the integration process. This article proposes qualitative research through the interview method. The research question investigates whether traditional occupations practiced by Roma do not provide Roma access to the labor market today. The general objective of this study aims to identify and analyze qualitatively non-traditional socio-economic practices in the Roma communities in Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. This objective has been operationalized in several specific objectives related to the identification of traditional economic practices in the occupations of members of the Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca, depending on membership in the subgroup / ethnic group, the identification of non-traditional economic practices in the occupations of members of the Roma communities in Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca, analysis of the role of traditional economic practices in preserving the lifestyle specific to the Roma ethnic group, as essential elements of culture in the communities of Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. The last two objectives propose the analysis of non-traditional economic practices taken over in the occupations of the members of the Roma communities from Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca following the process of internal and external migration, respectively following the intervention of European funded programs. The participants of this research are 10 Roma people from Cluj-Napoca and 10 Roma people from Timișoara. The research results show that with industrialization, traditional occupations tend to limit their activity and integrated Roma people no longer practice the traditional occupations practiced by their parents or grandparents.
Provider: - Institution: ERIAC - Data provided by Europeana Collections- (Part 3 of 5)
For ERIAC´s RomaMoMA blog, ERIAC asked Roma and non-Roma artists and arts professionals to reflect upon the ...following question:
What concrete steps and/or obstacles do you envision in preparing a Roma Museum?
What exactly is required in order to create a respectful Roma museum? It is no secret that creating a Roma museum is a great challenge, as it refers to an ethnic group rather than to a recognised state, and might even be perceived as reductionistic by some. What would be the best solution(s) for displaying Roma heritage? Is it actually a valid idea at all to define and exhibit a “Roma” heritage?- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: ERIAC - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Abstract:
Media has the power of representing the different concepts of our society such as race, gender, ethnicity, class and ...religion and also to contribute to their constructions. These representations are not innocent but they all reflect ideologies that construct these categories, and through them our own realities and society. Understanding the concept/the meaning/the image of Roma in society can not only show how Roma are positioned in society but it can also contribute to the better understanding of racism against Roma (Antigypsyism) and of the European discourse of racism and politics of diversity as well. In my lecture I will talk about how media research can contribute to challenge racism against Roma (Antigypsyism) and will show what role social media plays now in empowering Roma communities while deconstructing the negative image of Roma in society.
Bavarlipe Roma Online University is an online educational platform where Roma and non-Roma can access knowledge about the Roma identity(ies), history(ies) and culture(s) thorough a collection of high-quality lectures delivered by leading Roma scholars on topics ranging from the Roma Holocaust to Roma cultural productions. In partnership with Central European University (CEU), this project is part of ERIAC’s Roma Cultural History Initiative financed by the German Federal Foreign Office (FFO).- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Based on the analysis of the texts collected in the 1930s in Latvia and Estonia, this paper provides a description of the semantics of the verbal modifiers, i.e., prefixes (preverbs) and particles, ...in Latvian Romani. The system of verbal modifiers in Latvian Romani is an innovation evolved under Slavic and Baltic influence. Most preverbs are instances of MAT-borrowing from Slavic and Baltic, whereas verb particles are a PATborrowing, modelled after the Latvian system. The paper argues that even preverbs of Slavic origin often copy the semantics and derivational patterns of Latvian prefixed verbs. It is also shown that, differently from Latvian, in Romani both preverbs and verb particles can affect the verb’s argument structure (e.g., by making it transitive) and change its aspectual value (e.g., by making it perfective). Finally, the distribution of verbal modifiers in Latvian Romani (the development of verb particles as opposed to other closely related Northeastern Romani dialects which only have prefixes, and higher frequency of verb particles in Estonia than in Latvia) confirms the areal cline in the spread of verb particles.
Summary
Invasive species usually start out as small colonizing populations that are prone to extinction through demographic stochasticity and Allee effects, leading to a positive relationship between ...establishment probability and founding population size. However, establishment success also depends on the environment to which species are introduced: for a given species, some locations will be more favourable for establishment than others.
We present equations for modelling the expected relationship between establishment probability and founding population size when demographic stochasticity, Allee effects and, for the first time, environmental heterogeneity are operating.
We show that heterogeneity in environmental conditions can change the shape of the relationship between establishment probability and founding population size through a disproportionate decline in the probability of establishment in larger populations, the opposite of an Allee effect. This outcome is likely in most empirical data sets relating founding population size to establishment probability, and highlights that unfavourable environments are often the major cause of establishment failures. It also emphasizes the insights that can be gained from applying models with a theoretical underpinning.
Racialised bilinguals experience marginalisation all over the world. In South-East Europe, millions of bilingual Roma share this experience alongside emerging aspirations of conviviality, which ...remain rare. This paper considers marginalisation as a consequence of (in)securitisation. The concept of (in)securitisation addresses discursive techniques of power which advocate the protection of some at the price of excluding others. These discursive techniques are exerted on different levels of social interaction, creating and maintaining uncertainty. The paper discusses individual aspirations to conviviality, or peaceful cohabitation, in (in)securitised local realities in a town in Hungary, where 20 % of the population are bilingual Roma. Furthermore, it explores whether the leveraging of translingual practices can be an effective tool for conviviality. The argument is based on long-term field research, and the data used comes from a series of participatory workshops, attended by academic non-local and local participants. Using the method of Moment Analysis to understand workshop discussions, the article focuses on the ways in which participants negotiate the dependencies of (in)securitisation while trying to forge convivial capabilities. Experience shows that acts of (in)securitisation and racialised social roles define relations even within the research group, and only certain types of capabilities considered convivial are suitable to override them.
Disproportionate exposure to adverse environmental conditions is part of the complex cycle of dispossession and racial discrimination faced by marginalized minorities in Europe-primarily the Roma. ...The concept of environmental justice or the analysis of environmental risk along racial dimensions are largely absent from policy debates. This is a critical omission considering that the consolidation of neoliberal governance powerfully recomposes access to public services and individualizes collective responsibilities for a safe environment. Driven by competitive logic, neoliberalism champions the zero-sum game where losers are either abandoned or punished by the governing apparatus. This article argues that neoliberal governance, underpinned by moral appeals and racist imaginaries, legitimizes repression of marginalized groups such as the Roma. The primary purpose of this paper is to fill a theoretical and conceptual gap in the literature linking environmental issues to racism.
The author analyzes the occurrences of the cult of Jupiter and Juno in the rural milieu of Moesia Inferior. He concludes that most of text which are related to this cult in the whole province come ...from the rural area. He is connecting the mentionning of this cult with the presence of communities of cives Romani consistentes and the Roman army in the villages of Moesia Inferior.
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