Summary
Invasive species usually start out as small colonizing populations that are prone to extinction through demographic stochasticity and Allee effects, leading to a positive relationship between ...establishment probability and founding population size. However, establishment success also depends on the environment to which species are introduced: for a given species, some locations will be more favourable for establishment than others.
We present equations for modelling the expected relationship between establishment probability and founding population size when demographic stochasticity, Allee effects and, for the first time, environmental heterogeneity are operating.
We show that heterogeneity in environmental conditions can change the shape of the relationship between establishment probability and founding population size through a disproportionate decline in the probability of establishment in larger populations, the opposite of an Allee effect. This outcome is likely in most empirical data sets relating founding population size to establishment probability, and highlights that unfavourable environments are often the major cause of establishment failures. It also emphasizes the insights that can be gained from applying models with a theoretical underpinning.
Provider: - Institution: ERIAC - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Abstract:
This lecture aims to introduce the participants to the milestones of Rromani literature’s history from its ...beginnings until nowadays. The lecture will familiarize participants with the phenomenology of the Romani literature, covering its evolution, marked both by opportunities for development as well as obstacles. We will explore and briefly analyze works of Rromani literature, highlighting its main writers, but especially its main themes. Analyzing the main topics explored by the Romani literature (racism, tragic history, family, knowledge, dignity, beauty, nature, freedom, love, hope, hate, sense of home, ethnic identity, Rromanipen, self-representation, self-esteem, otherness, ethnic stigma, imprisonment, Slavery, Holocaust/o Samudaripen etc.) the lecture aims to discover, together with the learners, and every time in a different way, the Rromano ethos transfigured in literature. We will observe how Romani literature transcribes Rroma patterns of thinking, their views about the world and the multiple ways the Rromani literature approaches the relationship of the Rroma with themselves and with Otherness. The scope of this lecture is to demonstrate that the literary works carry and transmit to the reader, the interior lives and lived experience of the Roma as well as to underline Romani literature’s contribution to the development of what we can call the new or the modern Rromanipen.
Bavarlipe Roma Online University is an online educational platform where Roma and non-Roma can access knowledge about the Roma identity(ies), history(ies) and culture(s) thorough a collection of high-quality lectures delivered by leading Roma scholars on topics ranging from the Roma Holocaust to Roma cultural productions. In partnership with Central European University (CEU), this project is part of ERIAC’s Roma Cultural History Initiative financed by the German Federal Foreign Office (FFO).- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Abstract:
This lecture aims to introduce the participants to the milestones of Rromani literature’s history from its beginnings ...until nowadays. The lecture will familiarize participants with the phenomenology of the Romani literature, covering its evolution, marked both by opportunities for development as well as obstacles. We will explore and briefly analyze works of Rromani literature, highlighting its main writers, but especially its main themes. Analyzing the main topics explored by the Romani literature (racism, tragic history, family, knowledge, dignity, beauty, nature, freedom, love, hope, hate, sense of home, ethnic identity, Rromanipen, self-representation, self-esteem, otherness, ethnic stigma, imprisonment, Slavery, Holocaust/o Samudaripen etc.) the lecture aims to discover, together with the learners, and every time in a different way, the Rromano ethos transfigured in literature. We will observe how Romani literature transcribes Rroma patterns of thinking, their views about the world and the multiple ways the Rromani literature approaches the relationship of the Rroma with themselves and with Otherness. The scope of this lecture is to demonstrate that the literary works carry and transmit to the reader, the interior lives and lived experience of the Roma as well as to underline Romani literature’s contribution to the development of what we can call the new or the modern Rromanipen.
Bavarlipe Roma Online University is an online educational platform where Roma and non-Roma can access knowledge about the Roma identity(ies), history(ies) and culture(s) thorough a collection of high-quality lectures delivered by leading Roma scholars on topics ranging from the Roma Holocaust to Roma cultural productions. In partnership with Central European University (CEU), this project is part of ERIAC’s Roma Cultural History Initiative financed by the German Federal Foreign Office (FFO).- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Based on the analysis of the texts collected in the 1930s in Latvia and Estonia, this paper provides a description of the semantics of the verbal modifiers, i.e., prefixes (preverbs) and particles, ...in Latvian Romani. The system of verbal modifiers in Latvian Romani is an innovation evolved under Slavic and Baltic influence. Most preverbs are instances of MAT-borrowing from Slavic and Baltic, whereas verb particles are a PATborrowing, modelled after the Latvian system. The paper argues that even preverbs of Slavic origin often copy the semantics and derivational patterns of Latvian prefixed verbs. It is also shown that, differently from Latvian, in Romani both preverbs and verb particles can affect the verb’s argument structure (e.g., by making it transitive) and change its aspectual value (e.g., by making it perfective). Finally, the distribution of verbal modifiers in Latvian Romani (the development of verb particles as opposed to other closely related Northeastern Romani dialects which only have prefixes, and higher frequency of verb particles in Estonia than in Latvia) confirms the areal cline in the spread of verb particles.
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with a wide range of prevalence among different ethnic groups. Early recognition of pre-diabetes is important to prevent the development of the ...disease, its complications, co-morbidities, and consequently early death. Insulin resistance (IR) is considered a condition that precedes type 2 diabetes; thus, understanding its underlying causes (genetic and non-genetic factors) will bring us closer to preventing it. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic susceptibility to IR and its impact on estimated longevity in populations with different ethnic origins using randomly selected samples of 372 Hungarian general (HG, as a reference with Caucasian origin) and 334 Roma participants (largest ethnic minority in Europe, with a northern India origin). In the present study, we used the Homeostasis Model Assessment—Insulin Resistance (HOMA—IR) to identify people with IR (>3.63) at the population level. To investigate the genetic predisposition to IR, 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a systematic literature search were selected and genotyped in sample populations. In the analyses, the adjusted p < 0.0033 was considered significant. Of these 29 SNPs, the commutative effects of 15 SNPs showing the strongest association with HOMA—IR were used to calculate an optimized genetic risk score (oGRS). The oGRS was found nominally significantly (p = 0.019) higher in the Roma population compared to HG one, and it was more strongly correlated with HOMA—IR. Therefore, it can be considered as a stronger predictor of the presence of IR among the Roma (AUCRoma = 0.673 vs. AUCHG = 0.528). Furthermore, oGRS also showed a significant correlation with reduced estimated longevity in the Roma population (β = −0.724, 95% CI: −1.230−−0.218; p = 0.005), but not in the HG one (β = 0.065, 95% CI: −0.388−0.518; p = 0.779). Overall, IR shows a strong correlation with a genetic predisposition among Roma, but not in the HG population. Furthermore, the increased genetic risk of Roma is associated with shorter estimated longevity, whereas this association is not observed in the HG one. Increased genetic susceptibility of Roma to IR should be considered in preventive programs targeting the development of type 2 diabetes, which may also reduce the risk of preventable premature death among them.
Racialised bilinguals experience marginalisation all over the world. In South-East Europe, millions of bilingual Roma share this experience alongside emerging aspirations of conviviality, which ...remain rare. This paper considers marginalisation as a consequence of (in)securitisation. The concept of (in)securitisation addresses discursive techniques of power which advocate the protection of some at the price of excluding others. These discursive techniques are exerted on different levels of social interaction, creating and maintaining uncertainty. The paper discusses individual aspirations to conviviality, or peaceful cohabitation, in (in)securitised local realities in a town in Hungary, where 20 % of the population are bilingual Roma. Furthermore, it explores whether the leveraging of translingual practices can be an effective tool for conviviality. The argument is based on long-term field research, and the data used comes from a series of participatory workshops, attended by academic non-local and local participants. Using the method of Moment Analysis to understand workshop discussions, the article focuses on the ways in which participants negotiate the dependencies of (in)securitisation while trying to forge convivial capabilities. Experience shows that acts of (in)securitisation and racialised social roles define relations even within the research group, and only certain types of capabilities considered convivial are suitable to override them.
This qualitative study explored the university experiences of 13 students from Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller (GRT) communities in England and Scotland. Using conceptual tools, informed by the work of ...Bourdieu, such as racialised habitus and racialised cultural capital, as well as Elias's work on established-outsider figurations we show that GRT students are 'racialised' outsiders in university established white habitus, with students experiencing the devaluing of their cultural capital including anti-Gypsy and anti-Roma rhetoric within university settings. Moreover, a destabilised habitus was evident, for some, who experienced 'cultural dissonance' between community and university expectations as well as feelings of 'not being good enough'. This was compounded by the racialised controlling images they encountered, resulting in hyper-vigilance about the sharing of their ethnic identity. For some, this led to painfully 'fragmented selves' which was exacerbated by a lack of support from universities and invisibility within institutional established white habitus.
Provider: - Institution: ERIAC - Data provided by Europeana Collections- (Part 3 of 5)
For ERIAC´s RomaMoMA blog, ERIAC asked Roma and non-Roma artists and arts professionals to reflect upon the ...following question:
What concrete steps and/or obstacles do you envision in preparing a Roma Museum?
What exactly is required in order to create a respectful Roma museum? It is no secret that creating a Roma museum is a great challenge, as it refers to an ethnic group rather than to a recognised state, and might even be perceived as reductionistic by some. What would be the best solution(s) for displaying Roma heritage? Is it actually a valid idea at all to define and exhibit a “Roma” heritage?- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is one of the modifiable lifestyle factors that play an important role in the prevention of non-communicable (especially cardiovascular) diseases. Certain ...genetic factors predisposing to LTPA have been previously described, but their effects and applicability on different ethnicities are unknown. Our present study aims to investigate the genetic background of LTPA using seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of 330 individuals from the Hungarian general (HG) and 314 from the Roma population. The LTPA in general and three intensity categories of it (vigorous, moderate, and walking) were examined as binary outcome variables. Allele frequencies were determined, individual correlations of SNPs to LTPA, in general, were determined, and an optimized polygenetic score (oPGS) was created. Our results showed that the allele frequencies of four SNPs differed significantly between the two study groups. The C allele of rs10887741 showed a significant positive correlation with LTPA in general (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.97;
= 0.006). Three SNPs (rs10887741, rs6022999, and rs7023003) were identified by the process of PGS optimization, whose cumulative effect shows a strong significant positive association with LTPA in general (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16-1.70;
< 0.001). The oPGS showed a significantly lower value in the Roma population compared with the HG population (oPGS
: 2.19 ± SD: 0.99 vs. oPGS
: 2.70 ± SD: 1.06;
< 0.001). In conclusion, the coexistence of genetic factors that encourage leisure-time physical activity shows a more unfavorable picture among Roma, which may indirectly contribute to their poor health status.
The author analyzes the occurrences of the cult of Jupiter and Juno in the rural milieu of Moesia Inferior. He concludes that most of text which are related to this cult in the whole province come ...from the rural area. He is connecting the mentionning of this cult with the presence of communities of cives Romani consistentes and the Roman army in the villages of Moesia Inferior.
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