The study aimed to identify the attitudes of teaching staff members at the University of Bakht Al-Ruda towards research and teaching from their perspective, and to investigate if there are ...statistically significant differences between the means of the study participants due to the variables of gender (male, female) and academic rank (associate professor, assistant professor). To achieve this, the descriptive method was adopted and a questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of (65) teaching staff members who were randomly selected. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 17 items on teachers’ attitudes towards research and teaching. The study results revealed that teaching staff members’ attitude towards research and teaching at the University of Bakht Al-Ruda was medium, and there were no significant differences in the means of their responses due to gender (male, female), and academic rank (associate professor, assistant professor). The study concluded with a number of recommendations, including that the university administration should provide sufficient financial support for research by providing tools, equipment, laboratories and libraries to encourage research.
The study aimed to identify the attitudes of teaching staff members at the University of Bakht Al-Ruda towards research and teaching from their perspective, and to investigate if there are ...statistically significant differences between the means of the study participants due to the variables of gender (male, female) and academic rank (associate professor, assistant professor). To achieve this, the descriptive method was adopted and a questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of (65) teaching staff members who were randomly selected. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 17 items on teachers’ attitudes towards research and teaching. The study results revealed that teaching staff members’ attitude towards research and teaching at the University of Bakht Al-Ruda was medium, and there were no significant differences in the means of their responses due to gender (male, female), and academic rank (associate professor, assistant professor). The study concluded with a number of recommendations, including that the university administration should provide sufficient financial support for research by providing tools, equipment, laboratories and libraries to encourage research.
Precise U–Pb zircon dating using the chemical abrasion – isotope dilution – thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) method constrains the age of the Central Sudetic Ophiolite (CSO) in the ...Variscan Belt of Europe. A felsic gabbro from the Ślęża Massif contains zircon xenocrysts dated at 404.8 ± 0.3 Ma and younger crystals dated at 402.6 ± 0.2 Ma that determine the final crystallization age of the gabbro. An identical age of 402.7 ± 0.3 Ma was determined for plagiogranite from the Nowa Ruda–Słupiec Massif, and plagiogranite from the Braszowice–Brzeźnica Massif yields a similar, but less reliable, age of > 401.2 Ma. The different massifs in the CSO are therefore considered as tectonically dismembered fragments of a single oceanic domain formed at c. 402.6–402.7 Ma (Early Devonian – Emsian). The magmatic activity recorded in the CSO was contemporaneous with the high-temperature/high-pressure metamorphism of granulites and peridotites in the Góry Sowie Massif, separating dismembered parts of the CSO. This suggests geodynamic coupling between the continental subduction recorded in the Góry Sowie and the oceanic spreading recorded in the CSO. Regional geological data indicate that the CSO was obducted before c. 383 Ma, less than 20 Ma after its formation at an oceanic spreading centre. The CSO is shown to be one of the oldest and first obducted among the Devonian ophiolites of the Variscan Belt. The CSO probably originated in an evolved back-arc basin in which the influence of subduction-related fluids and melts increased with time, from negligible during the formation of predominant mid-ocean-ridge-type magmatic rocks to strong at later stages, when rodingites, epidosites and other minor lithologies formed.
This article describes the results of a study on the Zn-Pb heap, which is located in the center of the city of Ruda Śląska. The heap dates back to the 19th century but was rediscovered in the 21st ...century and abandoned. Located in the center of the city, it is eroded and contributes to the spreading of pollutants. The authors performed a study on the components of the dump using microscopic observations and geochemical analyses. The results indicate that the components of the heap are mobile, mainly due to the infiltration of meteoric waters affecting the contamination of soils and plants. The present work is devoted to a review of the state of the environment in the area of the heap and a proposal for its reclamation by covering it with an isolation layer or moving it to a protected place away from the city center. It is possible, in the future, to build an Environmental Education Center, for education and the monitoring of enrivonmental problems in Upper Silesia.
Temeljna sirovina za proizvodnju željeza tijekom kasne antike i ranoga srednjeg vijeka na prostoru Podravine bila je močvarna željezna ruda. Analiza rudnih ležišta i svojstava ruda može doprinjeti ...razumijevanju prirodnih mehanizama koji uvjetuju način eksploatacije i uporabu ruda u prošlosti. Međutim, ubikacija ležišta je izazovna zbog mogućnosti degradacije, potpunoga iskorištavanja te inhibicije obnove ili razvoja ležišta, prvenstveno uzrokovanih ljudskom aktivnošću i utjecajem na okoliš. U suvremenome krajoliku Podravine najviši potencijal za razvoj ležišta i jedino, djelomično razoreno ležište, ustanovljeno je na položaju Kalinovac – Hrastova greda 1 – 3. Na osnovi njegove analize izveden je model mehanizma formiranja, fizionomije i položaja ležišta u Podravini te je povedena rasprava o metodama eksploatacije kao i potencijanim prostorima pojave ležišta u odnosu na položaje arheoloških lokaliteta s tragovima proizvodnje željeza. U svrhu analize tehnološke iskoristivosti ruda sličnih svojstava iz arheološkoga konteksta, provedeno je eksperimentalno taljenje kalinovačke rude. Na osnovi rezultata objašnjavaju se čimbenici koji su mogli onemogućiti proizvodnju spužvastoga željeza. Potonje istraživanje ukazuje i na tehnološku prilagodbu u prošlosti, preradu ruda uvjetovanu prirodnim preduvjetima, prvenstveno promjenjivim svojstvima močvarnih željeznih ruda i karakterom ležišta. Pri analizi se koriste podaci dobiveni površinskim terenskim pregledom, geoarheološkim sondiranjem, geoprostornim analizama, eksperimentalnim testiranjem i mineraloškim (XRD) te kemijskim analizama (ICP – AES) uzoraka razvojnih faza rude i zgure dobivene kroz postupak eksperimentalnoga taljenja.
The fundamental raw material used for iron production in the Podravina region during late antiquity and the early Middle Ages was the bog iron ore. Analysis of ore properties and deposits can contribute to the understanding of natural mechanisms that conditioned the exploitation and use of ores in the past. However, locating the deposits is challenging, due to the possibility of full exploitation, degradation and inhibited regeneration or development caused primarily by human activities and impact on the environment. In the modern landscape of Podravina, the Kalinovac – Hrastova Greda 1 – 3 position had the highest potential for ore development and the only, partially destroyed ore deposit. Based on its analysis, a model of the formation mechanism, physiognomy and deposit positioning in Podravina is proposed and methods of exploitation and the potential area of the deposit occurrence in relation to the positions of archaeological sites with iron production remains are discussed. To analyse the technological usability of ore samples with similar properties from the archaeological context, experimental testing of the smelting process was performed with the Kalinovac ore. Based on the results, the factors that could inhibit the production of iron blooms are explained. The latter research also implies a past technological adaptation, ore dressing conditioned by natural preconditions, primarily the variable properties of bog iron ores and the nature of the deposits. Data from surface field survey, geoarchaeological probing, geospatial analysis, experimental testing and mineralogical (XRD) and chemical analysis (ICP – AES) of samples of ore development stages and slag obtained through experimental smelting are used in the analysis.
U radu je prikazano osnivanje Talionice Caprag u Sisku (1938. godine), preteče Metalurškog kombinata Željezare Sisak, kao najveće i najvažnije metalurške tvornice u Republici Hrvatskoj (RH). Ukratko ...je opisan postupak proizvodnje sirovog željeza u visokoj peći, uključujući i tehničke karakteristike visoke peći i pomoćne opreme u to vrijeme. Prikazana je proizvodnja sirovog željeza prije, za vrijeme i neposredno nakon II. svjetskog rata. Prikazana je uloga i značenje ing. Miroslava Tomca, utemeljitelja industrije crne metalurgije u RH. Opisana je obnova i proizvodnja sirovog željeza u Talionici Caprag sve do početka izgradnje Željezare Sisak (1948. godine).
This work presents the formation of the Caprag Smelter in Sisak (1938), the precursor of the Sisak Ironworks metallurgical combine as the largest and most significant metallurgical factory in the Republic of Croatia. The production procedure of pig iron in the blast furnace, as well as the technical characteristics of the blast furnace and accessory equipment of that time are briefly described. Production of pig iron before, during, and immediately after World War II is presented, as is the role and significance of Miroslav Tomac, BSc., founder of the black metallurgy industry of Croatia. Described are the restoration of the Caprag Smelter and its production of pig iron up until the construction of the Sisak Ironworks (1948).
The ovicidal and larvicidal effect of a full aqueous extract (FE) and two phases: an aqueous (Aq-Ph) and an ethyl acetate (EtOAc-Ph) from
(
) stems and leaves against
(
) were assessed. The egg ...hatching inhibition (EHI) assay and larval mortality (LM) test were performed by triplicate in 96-well micro-titration plates (n=4 wells). The FE against
eggs and larvae was assessed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL; and 30, 60, 90, 120,150 and 200 mg/ mL, respectively. The ovicidal effect of Aq-F and EtOAc-F was assessed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL. Plates were incubated at 28 °C for 48 (ovicidal assay) and 72 h (larvicidal assay). The EHI results were considered based on the mean number of eggs hatching failure after 48 h exposure. The LM was recorded after 72 h exposure to the
phases and expressed as mortality percentage. The
FE caused 96 and 100% EHI at 10 and 20 mg/mL, respectively; meanwhile, 74% LM was recorded at 200 mg/mL (p<0.05). The Aq-Ph showed 78.5% EHI at 2.5 mg/mL. Likewise, the EtOAc-Ph caused 100% EHI in almost all concentrations. Eighteen compounds including alkaloids, cumarins, triterpens, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and sterols were identified by GC-MS analysis. The results indicate that the aqueous extract from
possesses bioactive compounds with
nematocidal activity against
; mainly in the EtOAc-Ph. Further studies should be performed to elucidate those compounds searching for alternative methods of control of the sheep haemonchosis.
Trachyandesites from Świerki quarry (Lower Silesia, Poland), related to the post-collisional extension-related magmatic activity developed within the Intra-Sudetic Basin during Early-Permian times, ...are well-known for the occurrence of mineral associations typical of spilites (low-grade metamorphic rocks affected by Na-metasomatism). This paper deals with the reconstruction of the evolution of these rocks and puts constraints on the spilitization mechanism and its role in redistributing main and trace elements based on cathodoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy combined with electron microprobe analysis. Our study reveals that the trachyandesites were strongly affected by low-temperature albitization, which occurred during the post-magmatic stage of the rock formation. The replacement of primary green luminescent andesine-labradorite (An39-50Ab47-58Or2–3) by weakly-luminescent to dark-brown luminescent secondary albite (Ab∼99 mol.%) was related to the CO2-induced, crystallographically-controlled, interface-coupled dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism, triggered by hydraulic fracturing of fluids and/or contractional cooling forces. The replacive albite forms isolated and homogenous patches along polysynthetic twinning planes of andesine-labradorite and/or within intergranular fractures. It is closely associated with such minerals as calcite, chlorite and kaolinite, and exhibits enhanced microporosity. Moreover, the low-temperature alteration was accompanied by physicochemical fluctuations (alkaline-acidic) during rock formation as revealed by two generations of fluoroapatite: (1) violet-pink (REE3+-activated) overprinted by (2) yellowish (Mn2+-activated) luminescent domains. We also report that primary (green luminescent) plagioclases (andesine-labradorite) are rimmed by bright-blue luminescent Ab-rich (An2-7Ab34-61Or32–64) alkali-feldspars followed by dull-blue luminescent Or-rich alkali-feldspars (An2Ab38-44Or54–60). The bright-blue luminescent crystals contain higher amounts of BaO (∼0.59 wt.%) and TiO2 (∼0.08 wt.%) than the dull-blue luminescent domains (∼0.12 and 0.03 wt.%, respectively). Hence, the difference in CL intensity in blue wavelengths are ascribed to the presence of both Al-O−-Al centres, related to a coupled KSi-BaAl substitution, and Al-O-Ti bridges. Not only the geochemical affinities of the rocks are peculiar to those reported for within-plate basalts, but also reveal similarities with arc-related geotectonic environments. Trachyandesites sourced from enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle source owing to the strong LREE and LILE enrichment relative to Nb and Ta, while the presence of positive ZrHf anomalies coupled with low Nb/U ratios points to the involvement of crustal material during magma evolution. The spilitization has predominately resulted in the increase of Cs and decrease of Sr concentration among strongly-altered samples, while its influence on REE distribution was insignificant.
•Albitization of andesine occurred via dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism•Replacive albite revealed weakly to dark-brown CL character and a chemical purity•The role of Al-O−-Al/Ti luminescence centers in alkali-feldspars were determined•Distribution of REE was resistant to spilitization•Both crustal contamination and enrichment of mantle source were involved
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