In this Article, we explore a subset of the urban-rural divide and propose a mechanism for reducing its economic and political effects within that limited realm. Specifically, we focus on the subset ...of rural areas that lie within what the Office of Management and Budget defines as micropolitan areas. Micropolitan areas are characterized by an urban area with a population between 10,000 and 50,000, and adjacent rural counties. Data suggest that rural areas within micropolitan regions do better economically than rural areas unconnected to urban areas, though not as well as the principal city within the micropolitan area. If the objective is to reduce the economic, and perhaps also the political, divide between urban and rural areas, then micropolitan areas may represent low-hanging fruit for redress. This Article argues that micropolitan areas are an important window into understanding the relationship between urban and rural economies, explores the characteristics of those areas that are likely to generate economic success, and recommends policies that would capture those benefits. Additionally, we speculate that increased opportunities for economic interaction between the urban and rural parts of micropolitan areas could also address the political aspects of the urban-rural divide. Recognizing the complexity of the relationship between urban and rural economies, we identify various obstacles to realizing the kinds of interlocal cooperation that we believe are necessary to reduce the economic and political divide within micropolitan areas. We conclude with suggestions for a research agenda to remedy the underdeveloped study of micropolitan areas.
Objetivo: Identificar polos de ocorrência de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana na zona rural, no Estado do Paraná avaliando taxas de incidência anual, calculadas obre a população rural. Metodologia: ...utilizou a base dados do DATASUS/SINAN (2001-2015). A definição dos polos de ocorrência utilizou a série 2007-2015. Elaboraram-se mapas de análise dos casos absolutos por município e as taxas de incidência anual/100.000 habitantes sobre a população total e apenas rural. Os dados de população envolveram projeções de 2001 a 2015. Analisaram-se aspectos socioambientais. Resultados: Identificaram-se sete polos de LTA de ocorrência rural no período: Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores taxas de ocorrência, considerado o meio rural/100.000 habitantes, e os focos da LTA, nos polos, foram: Jussara (567/100.000hab), Japurá (418), São Jorge do Ivaí (377), Doutor Camargo (247), Ivatuba (233), São Tomé (221), Terra Boa (143), Tuneiras do Oeste (114) e Cianorte (98), todos no polo (b) Jussara; Adrianópolis (209) e Cerro Azul (60), no polo (a) Adrianópolis-; Lobato (113), no polo (g) Icaraíma (86), no polo (e) Bandeirantes (79), no polo (c) Bandeirantes. Os polos (d) Londrina e (f) Lindoeste - são amplos e difusos, com taxas de ocorrência menos significativas. As taxas calculadas apenas sobre a população rural dão a dimensão da alta incidência no meio rural.
Palavras chave: comunidades negras rurais, infancia, memória social, transmissâo intergeracional ABSTRACT Intergenerational transmission plays an important role in the maintenance of social memory of ...black rural communities, in the transmission of knowledge and tradition that characterize its relation with the ethnic and racial territory. ...we will discuss the results of an extension activity, in which were realized semi-structured interviews with nine habitants of the community, as well as workshops with around thirty children and young people. The children, in their turn, demonstrated appropriation and the ability to update these narratives, something we observed in their conversations, games and drawings. Keywords: black rural communities, childhood, intergenerational transmission, social memory Neste artigo analisamos a transmissao intergeracional de narrativas sobre o território e o papel das crianças na preservaçao da memória social, a partir de um projeto de extensao realizado com crianças e jovens moradores da comunidade negra rural de Cafuringa, em Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ, Brasil).
Dinesh Shetty
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
March 21, 2022, Letnik:
61, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
“My favorite place on earth is my hometown (Koodlu, Karnataka) in India, a beautiful countryside village with loads of human values … I chose my current career path because it surprises me daily by ...tossing new challenges and excitements …” Find out more about Dinesh Shetty in his Introducing … Profile.
Abstract
This article discusses the rural areas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, their features, current state and development opportunities. The author identifies a list of the main ...environmental problems that arise as a result of production activities, and suggests ways to solve them.
Background: Individuals living in rural areas have higher obesity and obesity related co-morbidities than their urban counterparts. Understanding rural-urban differences associated with weight ...management may inform the development of effective weight management interventions for adults living in rural areas. Methods: The International Weight Control Registry (IWCR) is an online registry designed to assess factors contributing to successes and challenges with weight loss and weight loss maintenance across the world. We examined demographics, weight history and weight management strategies in a sample of urban and rural residents in the Midwestern U.S. (IA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, OH, SD, WI). Participants were classified as rural or urban by the Rural-Urban Commuting Area Code. Analyses included Chi-square tests for proportions and independent t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. Results: The sample was 45% rural (n = 78 of a total N = 174) with a mean age of 50.3 years. Rural residents were more likely to be white, non-college graduates, and have lower family income compared with urban areas (p < 0.05). Rural and urban residents reported similar weight histories and strategies for weight management. Workrelated physical activity was higher and weekday sitting time was lower in rural compared to urban residents (p < 0.01). These data could potentially be impacted by the relative number of residents working from home during COVID-19 (Urban: 59% vs. Rural: 37%, p < 0.05). Rural residents were more likely to report a lack of neighborhood walkability (p < 0.01) and healthy food availability (p < 0.05) compared with urban residents. Conclusions: These data suggest rural-urban differences in demographic characteristics, opportunity for leisure time physical activity, and the availability of heathy foods should be considered in the development of weight management interventions. The consistency of the observed findings will be evaluated at the regional, national and international levels as the size of the available sample in the IWCR increases.
Background: Pediatric obesity interventions of 26 or more contact hours may be more effective than those with fewer contact hours, but research is inconclusive. Disagreement may be due to the lack of ...uniformity in reporting dose. To remedy this issue experts recommend reporting dose intended, dose delivered, and dose received. Also, very little is known about the accumulation of dose in rural populations, and no information has been published regarding the accumulation of dose in the time of COVID 19. The purpose of the current abstract is to describe the accumulation of dose in a fourstate pediatric obesity intervention trial that was conducted in the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network. Methods: Rural medical clinics located in four states participated. Each clinic targeted recruitment of 28 children from rural areas who were 6-11 years of age with a BMI%ile>85th and their primary caregivers who (after consent/assent) were randomly assigned to a monthly newsletter only condition or to the iAmHealthy mHealth intervention, which was composed of 12 weekly and 3 monthly one hour group sessions and 11 hours of individual family health coaching. The 6-month intervention period began on August 24, 2020 and completed on February 7, 2021 when the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic was high in participating sites. Results: 52 of the 104 randomized participants were assigned to iAmHealthy; 87% (n = 45) of these participants were retained through the final measurement. Dose intended was 26 contact hours (15 hours of group sessions and 11 hours of health coaching sessions), with a goal for families to receive 80% of these hours (20.8 hours). Dose delivered by the intervention team included 15 hours of group sessions and up to 17 hours for health coaching sessions. Dose received varied widely for both group (0.73-16.78; X = 10.65) and health coaching sessions (0.45-16.85; X = 8.21). Therefore, total accumulated contact hours varied as well (2.4531.13; X = 18.86). Two thirds of the retained participants met the a priori dose goal of 20.8 contact hours. Conclusions: Dose intended and dose received were highly concordant, but dose received varied widely by participant. Future research should continue to explore these measures of dose, especially in underserved populations, and whether these factors are related to health behavior outcomes and body mass changes.
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