Unhealthy Body Mass Index (BMI) is a primary manifestation of metabolic disorder. Disruption of sleep is a major factor that has been observed to culminate into metabolic disorders. Sleep parameters ...are also influenced by the screen exposure duration associated with the use of electronic devices. Screen Exposure Time (SET) also has an effect on metabolism due to sedentary nature of the activity. Both SET and disrupted sleep are related with cognitive performance. Children are affected by sleep disruption and prolonged SET. Efforts to ameliorate in a primordial age may be more effective to reduce their predisposition to unhealthy BMI and detrimental changes of cognitive performance. In order to mitigate the scourge of unhealthy BMI prevalent in developing countries and to improve cognitive performance, it is important to administer proper sleep duration and SET. It is necessary to delineate an optimum duration of sleep and identify the optimum duration of SET in this regard. SET equal to and beyond 2 hours/day lead to increase sleep debt and decline of cognitive performance. Rise in BMI is associated with increase in SET. Sleep duration of 6-7 hours among participants yields better cognitive performance than those with sleep duration below or above 6-7 hours.
Abstract Purpose To identify mechanisms for the impact of visual media use on adolescents' school performance. Methods We conducted a 24-month, four-wave longitudinal telephone study of a national ...sample of 6,486 youth aged 10 to 14 years. Exposure measures: latent construct for screen exposure time (weekday time spent viewing television/playing videogames, presence of television in bedroom) and variables for movie content (proportion of PG-13 and R movies viewed). Outcome measure: self- and parent reports of grades in school. Effects of media exposures on change in school performance between baseline and 24 months were assessed using structural equation modeling. Information about hypothesized mediators (substance use, sensation seeking, and school problem behavior) was obtained at baseline and at the 16-month follow-up. Results Adjusted for baseline school performance, baseline levels of mediators, and a range of covariates, both screen exposure time and media content had adverse effects on change in school performance. Screen exposure had an indirect effect on poor school performance through increased sensation seeking. Viewing more PG-13 and R-rated movies had indirect effects on poor school performance mediated through increases in substance use and sensation seeking. R-rated viewing also had an indirect effect on poor school performance through increased school behavior problems. The effect sizes of exposure time and content on the intermediate variables and ultimately on school performance were similar to those for previously recognized determinants of these mediators, including household income, parenting style, and adolescents' self-control. Conclusions These aspects of visual media use adversely affect school performance by increasing sensation seeking, substance use, and school problem behavior.
Aim
This study determined the differences in screen exposure, sleep patterns and sleep disturbances, and the associations between these factors, among Jewish and Muslim children in Israel.
Methods
...The participants were 1049 school children – 499 Jewish and 550 Muslim – with a mean age of 9.2 ± 0.7 years, who attended public schools in both urban and rural residential settings in 2014. They all completed the Sleep Self‐Report questionnaire and the Screen Exposure Questionnaire.
Results
Muslim children reported increased screen time, despite having fewer televisions and computers in their bedroom than Jewish children. Muslim children also reported earlier bedtimes and longer sleep duration, but greater sleep disturbances. Having screens in bedrooms and non‐school days were related to later bedtimes and later wake‐up times for all children. Children who spent four or more hours watching television or using a computer on school days reported significantly more sleep disturbances than children with lower usage.
Conclusion
Muslim children with a mean age of nine years reported longer screen exposure, earlier bedtimes and longer sleep duration, but more sleep disturbances, than Jewish children. Cultural sleep practices may contribute to the differences in sleep patterns and sleep disturbances of Jewish and Muslim children in Israel.
Objective: More and more children experience sleep problems, which are believed to be exacerbated by the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and digital screen exposure. This descriptive and ...cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between sleep problems and digital screen exposure and temperament in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 122 parents of children aged 3-6 years. Data were collected using a descriptive characteristics questionnaire, the children’s sleep habits questionnaire, and the short temperament scale for children. Results: Most children have been watching more TV (77.9%) and spending more time on computers/tablets/smartphones (89.3%) since the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a relationship between screen time and sleep duration (<0.05), sleep anxiety (<0.05), daytime sleepiness (<0.05), and total sleep score (<0.05). Conclusion: There is also a relationship between sleep problems and digital screen exposure and temperament during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and educators should take measures to promote children’s health and education during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prevalence autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been on rise, but many studies suggests over-diagnosed. Currently, children have more access to electronic media on the daily basis than those of ...previous generation. Some studies suggest that increases screen time is associated with melanopsin-expressing neurons and decreasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter, and thus results aberrant behavior, decreased cognitive, and language development. Early exposure of electronic media in early life (< 2 years old) gives an impact on language, but it still inconclusive. We made a study aiming at revealing the impact of early exposure of electronic screen on language development and autistic-like behavior. Results showed that children who spent viewing ≤ 3 hours per day had language delay and short attention span, while children who spent viewing ≥ 3 hours per day had language delay, short attention span, and hyperactivity. While, we found that more than a half of children (66.6%) had no parents-child interaction during the exposure, speech delayed and short attention had been reported in all cases, and hyperactivity was found in 66.6% children.
Antecedentes. El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil son un problema grave de salud. La actividad física determina la capacidad cardiorespiratoria. Los datos relacionados con el sobrepeso, obesidad y ...exposición a pantallas no son concluyentes. Palabras clave: sedentarismo, pantallas, sobrepeso, obesidad, VO.sub.2max, infancia. Conclusões. O número de horas de exposição às telas é de alta.
Cumulative screen exposure has been increased due to the explosion of digital technology ownership in the past decade for all people, including children who face exposure related risks such as ...obesity, eye problems, and disrupted sleep. Screen exposure is linked to physical and mental health risks among both children and adults. Current methods of screen exposure assessment have their limitations, mostly in the prospective of objectiveness, robustness, and invasiveness. In this paper, we propose a novel method to measure screen exposure time using a wearable sensor and computer vision technology. We use a customized, lightweight, wearable senor to capture egocentric images and use deep learning-based object detection module to identify the existence of electronic screens. The duration of screen exposure is further estimated using post-processing technology to filter consecutive frames regarding to the screen usage. Our method is non-invasive and robust, providing an objective and accurate means to screen exposure measurement. We conduct experiments on various environments to identify the existence of three types of screens and duration of screen exposure. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of automatically assessing screen time exposure and great potential to be applied in large scale experiments for behavioral study.
SpecEye Li, Zhengxiong; Rathore, Aditya Singh; Chen, Baicheng ...
Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services,
06/2019
Conference Proceeding
Digital devices have become a necessity in our daily life, with digital screens acting as a gateway to access a plethora of information present in the underlying device. However, these devices emit ...visible light through screens where long-term use can lead to significant screen exposure, further influencing users' health. Conventional methods on screen exposure detection (\textite.g., photo logger) are usually privacy-invasive and expensive, further, require ideal light conditions, which are unattainable in real practice. Considering the light intensity and spectrum vary among different light sources, an effective screen spectrum estimation can provide vital information about screen exposure. To this end, we first investigate the characteristics of the junction between p-type and n-type semiconductor (i.e., PN junction) to sense the spectrum under various conditions. Empirically, we design and implement, \textsfSpecEye, an end-to-end, low cost, wearable, and privacy-preserving screen exposure detection system with a mobile application. For validating the performance of our system, we conduct comprehensive experiments with $54$ commodity digital screens, at $43$ distinct locations, with results showing a base accuracy of $99$%, and an equal error rate (EER) approaching $0.80$% under the controlled lab setup. Moreover, we assess the reliability, robustness, and performance variation of \textsfSpecEye under various real-world circumstances to observe a stable accuracy of $95$%. Our real-world study indicates \textsfSpecEye is a promising system for screen exposure detection in everyday life.
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