This study was conducted to determine the effects of selenium (Se)-yeast supplementation on the growth, survival, nutrient utilization, plasma lipid profile, economic benefit, and histological ...alterations of liver and intestine of meagre, Argyrosomus regius, fingerlings (3.20 ± 0.17 g). Four treatments (three replicates each in 100 × 40 × 30 cm aquaria) included a control group (not supplemented with Se) and three groups fed Se-supplemented diets at doses of 1, 2 and 3 mg Se-yeast kg−1 diet for nine weeks. The final estimated Se concentrations were 0.77, 1.51, 2.97 and 3.98 mg Se kg−1 diet. The results indicated that there is a significant polynomial 2nd order regression improvement in growth performance with a strong correlation coefficient with increasing dietary Se concentrations. The estimated curves beak of WG and SGR values ranged between 4.15 and 3.62 mg Se kg−1, respectively. The survival (%), feed intake, feed and nutrient utilization and whole-body protein content increased significantly with the highest two Se doses (2.97 and 3.98 mg Se kg−1 diet). There was a significant increase in muscle Se accumulation with dietary Se supplementation in a linear dose-dependent manner. The total lipids, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly with increasing dietary Se levels. Moreover, the liver histological investigation showed an improvement in liver histostructure and the absence of pathological signs at high Se levels. Intestinal sections revealed an increase in the area of absorption in the Se-yeast-supplemented groups. The economic evaluation of feed cost kg−1 gain and kg−1protein production decreased with increasing Se-yeast supplementation levels, reaching a 41.63 and 39.57% cost reduction, respectively, with a 3 mg Se-yeast supplementation kg−1 diet. Dietary Se at a dose of 3.98 mg Se kg−1 diet (3 mg Se-yeast) is recommended to improve growth performance, feed utilization, liver and kidney histology, and the economic benefit of meagre juveniles. Additionally, the estimated Se requirement of meagre is around 4 mg kg−1 diet according to the polynomial 2nd order regression.
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•The effect of dietary Se-yeast supplementation indicated a polynomial 2nd order regression response of meagre growth.•Se-yeast improved growth performance, feed utilization and plasma lipid profile of meagre.•The histological examination indicated an improvement of liver and proximal intestine with Se-yeast supplementation.•The cost of kg fish gain was decreased with increasing Se-supplementation.•The current study shows that the Se requirement is above 3 mg kg−1 diet, when using the organic Se-yeast source.
Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) is native of the Amazon rainforest. Brazil nuts are consumed worldwide and are known as the richest food source of selenium (Se). Yet, the reasoning for such Se ...contents is not well stablished. We evaluated the variation in Se concentration of Brazil nuts from Brazilian Amazon basin, as well as soil properties, including total Se concentration, of the soils sampled directly underneath the trees crown, aiming to investigate which soil properties influence Se accumulation in the nuts. The median Se concentration in Brazil nuts varied from 2.07 mg kg−1 (in Mato Grosso state) to 68.15 mg kg−1 (in Amazonas state). Therefore, depending on its origin, a single Brazil nut could provide from 11% (in the Mato Grosso state) up to 288% (in the Amazonas state) of the daily Se requirement for an adult man (70 μg). The total Se concentration in the soil also varied considerably, ranging from <65.76 to 625.91 μg kg−1, with highest Se concentrations being observed in soil samples from the state of Amazonas. Se accumulation in Brazil nuts generally increased in soils with higher total Se content, but decreased under acidic conditions in the soil. This indicates that, besides total soil Se concentration, soil acidity plays a major role in Se uptake by Brazil nut trees, possibly due to the importance of this soil property to Se retention in the soil.
•Not all Brazil nuts are selenium-rich.•Se levels in soils from Amazon region are below the toxic level.•Se content in Brazil nuts are influenced by soil pH.•Se contents in Brazil nuts varied widely among and within tree populations.
Emerging evidence supports the notion that selenium (Se) plays a beneficial role in plant development for modern crop production and is considered an essential micronutrient and the predominant ...source of plants. However, the essential role of selenium in plant metabolism remains unclear. When used in moderate concentrations, selenium promotes plant physiological processes such as enhancing plant growth, increasing antioxidant capacity, reducing reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and offering stress resistance by preventing ferroptosis cell death. Ferroptosis, a recently discovered mechanism of regulated cell death (RCD) with unique features such as iron-dependant accumulation of lipid peroxides, is distinctly different from other known forms of cell death. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity plays a significant role in scavenging the toxic by-products of lipid peroxidation in plants. A low level of GPX activity in plants causes high oxidative stress, which leads to ferroptosis. An integrated view of ferroptosis and selenium in plants and the selenium-mediated nanofertilizers (SeNPs) have been discussed in more recent studies. For instance, selenium supplementation enhanced GPX4 expression and increased TFH cell (Follicular helper T) numbers and the gene transcriptional program, which prevent lipid peroxidase and protect cells from ferroptosis. However, though ferroptosis in plants is similar to that in animals, only few studies have focused on plant-specific ferroptosis; the research on ferroptosis in plants is still in its infancy. Understanding the implication of selenium with relevance to ferroptosis is indispensable for plant bioresource technology. In this review, we hypothesize that blocking ferroptosis cell death improves plant immunity and protects plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. We also examine how SeNPs can be the basis for emerging unconventional and advanced technologies for algae/bamboo biomass production. For instance, algae treated with SeNPs accumulate high lipid profile in algal cells that could thence be used for biodiesel production. We also suggest that further studies in the field of SeNPs are essential for the successful application of this technology for the large-scale production of plant biomass.
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•Ferroptosis is a unique pathway which participates in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4).•Selenium-augmented GPX plays a key role in variations in plant ferroptosis.•Selenate is the most abundant form of selenium found in soil that impacts plant developments.•Selenium biofortification in bamboo shoots improves antioxidant activity and lipid productivity.•Selenium-mediated nanofertilizers increase biomass and biodiesel production.
Selenium (Se) is one of the fifteen essential nutrients required by the human body. Mycorrhizal microorganisms play a crucial role in enhancing selenium availability in plants. However, limited ...research exists on the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on selenium accumulation and transport in pepper plants. This study employed a pot experiment to investigate the changes in pepper plant growth, selenium accumulation, and transformation following inoculation with AMF and varying concentrations of exogenous selenium. The results indicate that exogenous selenium application in pepper has dual effects. At low concentrations (≤8 mg L⁻1), it promotes growth and nutrient accumulation, whereas high concentrations (>16 mg L⁻1) inhibit these processes. AMF inoculation positively influences selenium accumulation and transport in peppers, significantly increasing yield per plant by 17.89%, vitamin C content by 67.36%, flavonoid content by 43.26%, capsaicin content by 14.82%, DPPH radical scavenging rate by 18.18%, and ABTS radical scavenging rate by 27.81%. Additionally, it significantly reduces selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) enzyme activity, while minimally affecting ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) and adenosyl sulfate reductase (APR) enzyme activities. The combined treatment of AMF and 8 mg L⁻1 exogenous selenium has been proven to be the most effective for selenium enrichment in peppers, offering new insights into utilizing exogenous selenium and AMF inoculation to enhance selenium content in peppers.
•Low selenium(≤8 mg L⁻1) boost pepper growth and nutrients, but higher inhibit them.•AMF boosts selenium uptake and yield, enriches peppers with nutrients, antioxidants.•Optimal selenium enrichment: AMF combined with 8 mg L⁻1 exogenous selenium.
The purpose of this study was to examine the probiotic characteristics and selenium (Se) bioaccumulation potential of five Lactobacillus strains in vitro. Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii ...subsp. lactis, L. reuteri, L. gallinarum, and L. animalis were among the strains employed. As significant aspects of probiotics, identification, and evaluation of their survival potential in the gastrointestinal system were undertaken. Although all experimental Lactobacillus strains bioaccumulated Se (IV) concentrations in media culture, three Lactobacillus strains (L. animalis, L. gallinarum, and L. acidophilus) bioaccumulated the highest Se concentrations (23.08, 8.62, and 8.51 mg/g, respectively) after culture in the presence of 1.5 mg/ml sodium selenite. By disc diffusion, all isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against six antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, methicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Many of the isolates tested positive for resistance to some of the antibiotics utilized. The L. reuteri and L. gallinarum were found to be resistant to about 50% of the antibiotics that were tested. In terms of acid tolerance, L. animalis showed significant resistance at acidic pH by 1.72 log unit reduction whereas L. delbrueckii and L. galliinarum showed significant sensitivity at acidic pH (P > 0.05). Bile tolerance was addressed as an important aspect of the safety assessment for probiotics. There were variances in acid and bile tolerance among species, although all of them tolerated stress conditions to an acceptable degree. Upon comparing the various species, it was observed that L. gallinarum exhibited a significant decline in growth, as evidenced by a decrease of 1.39 log units in cell viability. On the other hand, L. acidophilus and L. animalis demonstrated remarkable bile tolerance, with 0.09 and 0.23 log unit reduction respectively (P < 0.05). These results suggest that L. animalis, L. gallinarum, and L. acidophilus, can be good candidates to evaluate them in vivo in further investigations due to their tolerance to acid, and bile, antibiotic resistance, and strong ability to bioaccumulate Se in chickens.
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•Higher Se bioaccumulation was observed in L. animalis, L. gallinarum, and L. acidophilus with highest accumulation for L. animalis.•Selenium enrichment increased antibiotic resistance in L. reuteri and L. acidophilus against tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively.•According good tolerance to adverse conditions and selenium bioaccumulation, these strains could be good Se-enriched probiotics for poultry.
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera is an important fodder tree that is widely distributed in China. Enhancing the selenium (Se) content in B. papyrifera may help to improve the nutritional value of the ...feed. In this study, sodium selenite and selenate were foliar applied to investigate the mechanisms of Se tolerance and accumulation in B. papyrifera. The results showed that both Se forms significantly increased the total Se content, and the proportion of organic Se was significantly higher in the sodium selenite treatment than in the control. In addition, the soluble sugar, phenolic acid and flavonoid contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were increased by exogenous Se. The de novo RNA sequencing results showed that 644 and 1804 differentially expressed genes were identified in the selenite and selenate comparison groups, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that 24 of the 108 pathways were significantly enriched, of which sulfur assimilation genes in the sodium selenite-treated groups were upregulated, whereas Se conjugation and transporter genes, such as SBP1, PCS, GSTs, ABCs and GPX, were significantly induced under selenate treatment. The hub genes identified by weighted-gene co-expression network analysis further confirmed that sulfur assimilation, conjugation and transporter genes might play a vital role in Se assimilation and tolerance. From this, a model of Se metabolism in B. papyrifera was proposed based on the above physiological and RNA sequencing data. This study is the first study to report that B. papyrifera has a strong ability to accumulate and tolerate exogenous Se, thereby providing a foundation for further characterization of the accumulation and tolerance mechanism of B. papyrifera. Our findings can provide technical support for producing Se-enriched fodder.
This study researched a Se-enriched dominant Pichia kudriavzevii 1845 for its potential as a selenium (Se) supplement. The results showed that under optimal conditions, the total Se amount within ...Se-enriched P. kudriavzevii 1845 (SeY) was 680.86 ± 20.98 μg/g, with organic forms accounting for 84.88 ± 1.52%. Importantly, Se-enrichment did not negatively affect the ultrastructure of the strain, and seleno-nanoparticles were observed on the surface and inside of SeY. The enriched Se was transferred from the surface to the interior and evenly distributed in the cytoplasm of yeast. Additionally, Se enrichment significantly improved the probiotic abilities of the strain, including hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation. The survival rate of SeY during gastrointestinal digestion was not affected. Furthermore, SeY exhibited increased antioxidant properties, such as radical scavenging capacity and antioxidative enzymes. This research demonstrate that SeY has great potential as a Se supplement to address Se deficiency.
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•Enriched Se was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm of Pichia kudriavzevii.•Se-enriched P. kudriavzevii exhibited enhanced probiotic properties over the control strain.•Se enrichment improved the antioxidant properties of P. kudriavzevii.•Se-enrichment had no harmful effect on the ultrastructure of P. kudriavzevii.
This work was carried out to elaborate selenium (Se) bio-enriched fermented Mediterranean fruit juices. To this purpose, pomegranate and table red grape juices were added with sodium selenite ...(Na2SeO3) and fermented by Levilactobacillus brevis CRL 2051 and Fructobacillus tropaeoli CRL 2034 individually or combined. To better evaluate the effect of selenite addition and starter strain inoculums on the total bacterial community of the fruit juices, fermentation trials were performed with raw and pasteurized fruit juices. No statistical significant differences were observed for total mesophilic microorganisms (TMM) and rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria (LAB) levels among raw and pasteurized juices inoculated with the starter strains, while significant differences between those juices with and without selenite were registered. LAB cocci, Pseudomonadaceae and yeasts were detected only for the raw juice preparations. The dominance of L. brevis CRL 2051 and F. tropaeoli CRL 2034 was confirmed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis. After fermentation, pH dropped for all inoculated trials and control raw juices. The soluble solid content (SSC) levels of the raw juices were higher than the corresponding pasteurized trials. The thermal treatment affected consistently yellowness of grape juice trials and redness of pomegranate juices. No microbial Se accumulation was registered for pomegranate juices, while F. tropaeoli CRL 2034 accumulated the highest amount of Se (65.5 μg/L) in the grape juice. For this reason, only trials carried out with raw grape juices were investigated by metagenomics analysis by Illumina MiSeq technology. Non-inoculated grape juices were massively fermented by acetic acid bacteria while Fructobacillus and Lactobacillus (previous genus name of Levilactobacillus) represented the highest operational taxonomy units (OTUs) relative abundance % of the trials inoculated with the starter strains as confirmed by this technique.
•Levilactobacillus brevis and Fructobacillus tropaeoli fermented red fruit juices.•The strongest pH drop was determined by L. brevis CRL 2051.•F. tropaeoli CRL 2034 accumulated the highest amount of Se in grape juice.•Non-inoculated grape juices were massively fermented by acetic acid bacteria.•480 mL of fermented grape juice provide half of the Se recommended dietary allowance.
Cleaner production involving the extraction of useful material from the black liquor by-product of straw pulp would be environmentally beneficial and would permit increased wastewater usage.
The ...fulvic-acid-like components of pulp black liquor (PFA) with molecular weights below 10 kDa were isolated. The chemical and physiological characteristics of PFAs were investigated. Selenite can enhance the selenium nutrition level of crops, but excessive selenite may be toxic to plant growth. In order to explore how to increase selenite tolerance and selenium accumulation in peanut, the effects of PFA on selenium-associated properties in peanut seedlings were examined by growing seedlings with sodium selenite (0, 5, 15, and 25 mg·L
Na
SeO
, 15 mg·L
Na
SeO
solution containing 60 mg-C/L PFA, and 25 mg·L
Na
SeO
containing 60 mg-C/L PFA).
The results showed that with 15 mg·L
Na
SeO
, PFA significantly increased both the total and hypocotyl fresh weight of the seedlings but reduced the fresh weight of the root. PFA also effectively promoted the conversion of Se from inorganic to organic compounds in the root and hypocotyl, increased the soluble total sugar and soluble protein contents of the hypocotyl, and thus improved the edible quality and food safety of the selenium-enriched peanut buds. The results suggest that PFA can be used as an innovative bio-based substance for selenium-enriched sprout vegetable production.
Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are exposed to unacceptable levels of carcinogenic inorganic arsenic. Animal models have shown that selenium and arsenic are mutually protective through the ...formation and elimination of the seleno-bis(S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion (GS)2AsSe−. Consistent with this, human selenium deficiency in arsenic-endemic regions is associated with arsenic-induced disease, leading to the initiation of human selenium supplementation trials. In contrast to the protective effect observed in vivo, in vitro studies have suggested that selenite increases arsenite cellular retention and toxicity. This difference might be explained by the rapid conversion of selenite to selenide in vivo. In the current study, selenite did not protect the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line against the toxicity of arsenite at equimolar concentrations, however selenide increased the IC50 by 2.3-fold. Cytotoxicity assays of arsenite + selenite and arsenite + selenide at different molar ratios revealed higher overall mutual antagonism of arsenite + selenide toxicity than arsenite + selenite. Despite this protective effect, in comparison to 75Se-selenite, HepG2 cells in suspension were at least 3-fold more efficient at accumulating selenium from reduced 75Se-selenide, and its accumulation was further increased by arsenite. X-ray fluorescence imaging of HepG2 cells also showed that arsenic accumulation, in the presence of selenide, was higher than in the presence of selenite. These results are consistent with a greater intracellular availability of selenide relative to selenite for protection against arsenite, and the formation and retention of a less toxic product, possibly (GS)2AsSe−.
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•Selenide, but not selenite efficiently protected human HepG2 cells against arsenite.•Selenide accumulated to a greater extent than selenite in HepG2 cells.•Intracellular selenium availability is important for protection against arsenite.•Selenite is likely converted to selenide in vivo for antagonism of arsenic toxicity.•Selenium chemical form critical for in vitro arsenic/selenium interaction studies.
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