Objectives
The study examined the predictive strengths of self‐esteem, and positive and negative self‐compassion for hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being as well as assessed the relative mediating roles ...of positive and negative self‐compassion for the relationships among self‐esteem, and hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being.
Design
A correlational design was employed through which self‐esteem, self‐compassion, and hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being were measured.
Methods
One hundred thirty‐four male (M = 25.11, SD = 1.66) and 138 female (M = 21.89, SD = 1.87) participants were chosen by a convenient sampling.
Results
The findings evinced that there were significant positive correlations among self‐esteem, positive self‐compassion, and hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being while negative self‐compassion exhibited small positive correlations with both the well‐being measures (criterion). The regression analyses showed that self‐esteem and positive self‐compassion reflected significant predictive strengths for hedonic as well as eudaimonic well‐being while negative self‐compassion did not. This was also true for the social and psychological aspects of well‐being. The β values reflected that positive self‐compassion did show a higher contribution for both the well‐being measures as compared to self‐esteem.
Conclusions
The findings evinced that positive, not negative, self‐compassion mediated the relationship between self‐esteem and hedonic well‐being as well as self‐esteem and eudaimonic well‐being. Moreover, self‐esteem and self‐compassion have predictive strengths for both kinds of well‐being. The findings showed the relevance of self‐esteem and self‐compassion to underscore well‐being. The implications and directions for future researchers have been discussed.
Practitioner points
Contrary to the earlier findings suggesting self‐esteem and self‐compassion carrying relevance to explicate performance and well‐being of people with individualistic and collectivistic cultures, respectively, the findings of this study suggest both the constructs to be useful to understand the well‐being of people with both the values belonging especially to the fast‐changing societies like India.
The study also suggests reconceptualization and empirical verification of self‐compassion that will make it more effective for enhancing and promoting interventions for positive life outcomes.
Objectives
The present pilot study sought to compare a compassion‐focused therapy (CFT)‐based self‐help intervention for binge eating disorder (BED) to a behaviourally based intervention.
Design
...Forty‐one individuals with BED were randomly assigned to 3 weeks of food planning plus self‐compassion exercises; food planning plus behavioural strategies; or a wait‐list control condition.
Methods
Participants completed weekly measures of binge eating and self‐compassion; pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of eating disorder pathology and depressive symptoms; and a baseline measure assessing fear of self‐compassion.
Results
Results showed that: (1) perceived credibility, expectancy, and compliance did not differ between the two interventions; (2) both interventions reduced weekly binge days more than the control condition; (3) the self‐compassion intervention reduced global eating disorder pathology, eating concerns, and weight concerns more than the other conditions; (4) the self‐compassion intervention increased self‐compassion more than the other conditions; and (5) participants low in fear of self‐compassion derived significantly more benefits from the self‐compassion intervention than those high in fear of self‐compassion.
Conclusions
Findings offer preliminary support for the usefulness of CFT‐based interventions for BED sufferers. Results also suggest that for individuals to benefit from self‐compassion training, assessing and lowering fear of self‐compassion will be crucial.
Practitioner points
Individuals with BED perceive self‐compassion training self‐help interventions, derived from CFT, to be as credible and as likely to help as behaviourally based interventions.
The cultivation of self‐compassion may be an effective approach for reducing binge eating, and eating, and weight concerns in individuals with BED.
Teaching individuals with BED CFT‐based self‐help exercises may increase their self‐compassion levels over a short period of time.
It may be important for clinicians to assess and target clients' fear of self‐compassion for clients to benefit from self‐compassion training interventions.
Background: The Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) intervention targets psychosocial processes shown to be associated with weight loss maintenance. This study examined the feasibility and preliminary ...efficacy of adding a MSC program following standard behavioral weight loss (SBWL) treatment on changes in weight, internalized weight bias (IWB), and self-compassion. Methods: Women with Class III obesity (M BMI = 46.6; M age = 49; 82% White) and elevated IWB (Weight Bias Internalization Scale > 3; M. 5.1) received an initial group SBWL then were randomized to 8 weeks of subsequent MSC (n = 13) or cooking/dietary education (CON; n = 15). Weight and self-report measures of IWB and self-compassion were assessed at baseline, 4 months (post-SBWL), and 6 months (post-MSC/CON). Significant results are defined as p < .05. Results: CON attended more classes than MSC (95% vs. 86.2%). MSC was rated neutral for acceptability and appropriateness, with moderate satisfaction. Significant weight loss was observed in both groups at 4 months (MSC M = -6.3%; CON M = -6.2%) and 6 months (MSC M = -4.54%; CON M = -7.3%), with no difference by treatment arm. Self-compassion did not significantly change from baseline to 4 months for either condition (MSC M = 2.9 to 3.3; CON M = 3.1 to 3.3) yet increased at 6 months in MSC (M = 3.3 to 3.9) vs. CON (M = 3.3 to 3.2). In SBWL, IWB significantly reduced from baseline to 4 months for MSC (M = 5.0 to 3.9) vs. CON (M = 5.1 to 4.8), with no further changes between groups from 4 to 6 months (MSC M = 3.9 to 3.1; CON M = 4.8 to 4.5). Conclusions: From 4 to 6 months, MSC increased in self-compassion, but there was no change over time between groups in weight, or IWB. Although blinded to intervention assignment, SBWL reduced IWB among participants subsequently randomized to MSC, possibly dampening the effect of MSC on treatment targets and masking effects by treatment arm. Follow-up assessments at 9 months will be performed.
Objective
Although self‐compassion facilitates eating disorder symptom remission, individuals with eating disorders are fearful of developing it and higher fears of self‐compassion are associated ...with poorer treatment outcomes. In‐depth exploration of individuals’ pros and cons of behaviour change is generally helpful at resolving ambivalence; however, no research has examined the pros and cons individuals with eating disorders perceive to be associated with developing self‐compassion, limiting our understanding of their personal experiences when confronted with self‐compassion. Given the research suggesting higher resistance to self‐compassion development in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), the present study used qualitative methods to gain a deeper understanding of their perceived pros and cons to self‐compassion.
Methods
Thirty‐seven women with typical (64%) and atypical (36%) AN signed up for a study on self‐help strategies for daily distress. Upon learning that the intervention would entail cultivating self‐compassion, they identified their perceived pros and cons of developing self‐compassion by typing them out.
Results
Thematic analysis was used to extract themes. Three superordinate cons and four superordinate pros of self‐compassion emerged. Perceived cons were as follows: self‐compassion leading to personal shortcomings; apprehension and doubt about the efficacy of self‐compassion; and emotional challenges associated with developing self‐compassion. Perceived pros were as follows: improved health; personal development (e.g., growth, coping); improved outlook; and enhanced social relationships.
Conclusions
These findings reveal the various advantages and disadvantages that women with AN perceive to be associated with developing self‐compassion. Results may help clinicians work more sensitively and effectively when trying to cultivate self‐compassion in patients who have AN.
Practitioner points
This research suggests that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) perceive various disadvantages to cultivating self‐compassion, but also certain advantages.
By familiarizing themselves with the pros and cons to self‐compassion identified by individuals with AN, clinicians may be able to more effectively listen to and communicate with their patients about ambivalence about self‐compassion development.
Clinicians may want to listen for and explore concerns in their AN patients that self‐compassion will lead to personal shortcomings, fail to be beneficial, and be emotionally challenging.
Clinicians may want to listen for and help patients elaborate upon their beliefs about how self‐compassion might benefit their outlook, health, personal development, and relationships.
Background
Self‐compassion describes a positive and caring attitude of a person toward her‐ or himself in the face of failures and individual shortcomings. As a result of this caring attitude, ...individuals high in self‐compassion are assumed to experience higher individual well‐being. The present meta‐analysis examines the relationship between self‐compassion and different forms of well‐being.
Method
The authors combined k = 79 samples, with an overall sample size of N = 16,416, and analyzed the central tendencies of effect sizes (Pearson correlation coefficients) with a random‐effect model.
Results
We found an overall magnitude of the relationship between self‐compassion and well‐being of r = .47. The relationship was stronger for cognitive and psychological well‐being compared to affective well‐being. Sample characteristics and self‐esteem were tested as potential moderators. In addition, a subsample of studies indicated a causal effect of self‐compassion on well‐being.
Conclusions
The results clearly highlight the importance of self‐compassion for individuals’ well‐being. Future research should further investigate the relationship between self‐compassion and the different forms of well‐being, and focus on the examination of possible additional moderators.
Self-Compassion in Clinical Practice Germer, Christopher K.; Neff, Kristin D.
Journal of clinical psychology,
August 2013, Letnik:
69, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Self‐compassion is conceptualized as containing 3 core components: self‐kindness versus self‐judgment, common humanity versus isolation, and mindfulness versus overidentification, when relating to ...painful experiences. Research evidence demonstrates that self‐compassion is related to psychological flourishing and reduced psychopathology. Mindful Self‐Compassion (MSC) is an 8‐week training program, meeting 2.5 hours each week, designed to help participants cultivate self‐compassion. MSC contains a variety of meditations (e.g., loving‐kindness, affectionate breathing) as well as informal practices for use in daily life (e.g., soothing touch, self‐compassionate letter writing). A detailed clinical case illustrates the journey of a client through the 8 weeks of MSC training, describing the key features of each session and the client's response.
Objective
The present study investigated the effectiveness of a newly developed 3‐week self‐compassion group intervention for enhancing resilience and well‐being among female college students.
Method
...Fifty‐two students were randomly assigned to either an intervention designed to teach skills of self‐compassion (n = 27) or an active control group intervention in which general time management skills were taught (n = 25). Both interventions comprised 3 group meetings held over 3 weeks. To measure resilience and well‐being gains, participants filled out a number of questionnaires before and after the intervention.
Results
Results showed that the self‐compassion intervention led to significantly greater increases in self‐compassion, mindfulness, optimism, and self‐efficacy, as well as significantly greater decreases in rumination in comparison to the active control intervention. Whereas both interventions increased life satisfaction and connectedness, no differences were found for worry and mood.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that a brief self‐compassion intervention has potential for improving student resilience and well‐being.
•Investigated perfectionism, (self-)compassion, and subjective well-being (SWB).•Examined self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism.•Examined self-compassion and compassion ...for others as possible mediators.•A mediation model was tested with data from n = 309 participants.•All perfectionism–SWB relationships were fully mediated by (self-)compassion.
Perfectionism has shown negative relationships with self-compassion and subjective well-being (SWB), but perfectionism is multidimensional and not all dimensions may show these negative relationships. Moreover, it is unclear whether low self-compassion mediates the negative relationships of multidimensional perfectionism with SWB, and whether low compassion for others plays an additional role. This study (N = 309) examined these relationships in a mediation model. Self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism showed negative relationships with self-compassion, and other-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism showed negative relationships with compassion for others whereas self-oriented perfectionism showed a positive relationship. Furthermore, both self-compassion and compassion for others positively predicted SWB, and both fully mediated the perfectionism–SWB relationships. The findings suggest that (self-)compassion may explain why some dimensions of perfectionism show negative relationships with SWB.
>Özet: İş yerinde psikolojik taciz ya da nezaketsizliğe maruz kalmanın bulaşıcı olabildiği ve bu davranışlara kötü muamele ile tepki verildiğine ilişkin bulgulara rastlanılmaktadır. Ancak psikolojik ...tacize maruz kalma ve nezaketsiz davranma ilişkisi, bu ilişkiyi açıklayan mekanizmalar ve bu ilişkiyi güçlendiren faktörler görece daha az incelenmiştir. Mevcut araştırmanın amacı psikolojik taciz ve nezaketsiz davranma ilişkisinde ihtiyaç tatmininin aracı, özşefkatin ise düzenleyici rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmada, psikolojik tacize maruz kalmanın nezaketsiz davranma ile pozitif yönde, ihtiyaç tatmini ile negatif yönde ilişkili olacağı hipotez edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ihtiyaç tatmininin psikolojik taciz ve nezaketsiz davranma ilişkisine aracılık edeceği, öz-şefkatin ise bu ilişkiyi düzenleyeceği hipotez edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, çevrimiçi bir anket aracılığıyla 221 çalışandan elde edilmiştir. Hipotezleri test etmek amacıyla Hayes Process Macro kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre, psikolojik taciz ihtiyaç tatmini ile negatif yönde, nezaketsiz davranma ile pozitif yönde ilişkilidir. Ayrıca ihtiyaç tatmininin psikolojik taciz ve nezaketsiz davranma ilişkisine aracılık ettiği görülmüştür. Ancak öz-şefkatin psikolojik taciz ve nezaketsiz davranma ilişkisindeki düzenleyici rolü anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Keşfedici analiz bulgusu, öz-şefkatin psikolojik taciz ve ihtiyaç tatmini ilişkisini düzenlediğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak farklı kötü muamele davranışlarının ihtiyaç tatminini düşürerek birbirlerini tetikleyebileceği ve öz-şefkatin psikolojik tacizin etkisini güçlendirebileceği ortaya koyulmuştur.
Self‐criticism is the process of negative self‐evaluation. High levels are associated with psychopathology and poorer therapeutic outcomes. Self‐compassion interventions were developed to explicitly ...target self‐criticism. The aim of this review was to estimate the overall effect of self‐compassion‐related interventions on self‐criticism outcomes and investigate potential moderating variables. A systematic search of the literature identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen papers, involving 1350 participants, had sufficient data to be included in the meta‐analysis. Pre‐ and post‐data points were extracted for the compassion and control groups. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool, which concluded that studies were of moderate quality. Meta‐analysis findings indicated that self‐compassion‐related interventions produce a significant, medium reduction in self‐criticism in comparison with control groups (Hedges' g = 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.69). Moderator analysis found greater reductions in self‐criticism when self‐compassion‐related interventions were longer and compared with passive controls rather than active. The remaining moderators of forms of self‐criticism, sample type, intervention delivery, intervention setting and risk of bias ratings were insignificant. Overall, the review provides promising evidence of the effectiveness of self‐compassion‐related interventions for reducing self‐criticism. However, results are limited by moderate quality studies with high heterogeneity. Directions for future research indicate that more RCTs with active controls, follow‐ups, consistent use and reporting of measures and diverse samples are needed.
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