Aims
To evaluate the effects of a breastfeeding intervention on primiparous mothers' breastfeeding self‐efficacy, breastfeeding duration and exclusivity at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum.
Background
Few ...studies have examined the effects of breastfeeding self‐efficacy on improved breastfeeding outcomes among primiparous mothers in China.
Design
An experimental pre‐test and posttest, two‐group design was used in the study.
Methods
A total of 74 participants were recruited to the study from a tertiary hospital in central China, from June–October 2012. An individualized, standardized nursing intervention based on the Self‐Efficacy Theory was delivered to enhance mothers' breastfeeding self‐efficacy, breastfeeding duration and exclusivity at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention or referent group. Participants in the intervention group received three individualized, self‐efficacy‐enhancing sessions. Participants in the referent group received standard care.
Results
Participants in the intervention group showed significantly greater increases in breastfeeding self‐efficacy, exclusivity and duration than participants in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum (except for duration at 4 weeks). High baseline breastfeeding self‐efficacy predicted higher breastfeeding self‐efficacy later and more exclusive breast‐feeding.
Conclusion
The findings in this study suggest that intervention aimed at increasing self‐efficacy has a significant impact on maternal breastfeeding self‐efficacy and short‐term breastfeeding outcomes.
Using an expanded view of entrepreneurial feasibility, we hypothesize a model in which entrepreneurial intentions are fostered by proactive personality and trait competitiveness. In doing so, our ...study expands the concept of entrepreneurial feasibility to include anticipatory thinking and a generative view of entrepreneurial self-efficacy by considering broader forms of self-efficacy that proactive and competitive people are likely to develop – creative self-efficacy and learning self-efficacy. Results indicate multiple self-efficacy beliefs account for anticipatory entrepreneurial cognitions and that the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions is fully mediated by these cognitions. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
•Entrepreneurial self-efficacy alone does not explain entrepreneurial intentions.•Anticipatory entrepreneurial cognitions precede entrepreneurial intentions.•Belief in one's ability to learn and adapt predicts anticipatory cognitions.•Learning and creative forms of self-efficacy shape entrepreneurial self-efficacy.•Proactive personality predicts learning self-efficacy and creative self-efficacy.
Background
For decades, parental self‐efficacy (PSE), or parents' belief in their ability to influence their child in a healthy and success‐promoting manner, has been understood as a key factor in ...promoting healthy functioning for parents and their children. In that time, an extensive collection of research examining the specific impact of PSE on parents and their children has developed. However, to the authors' knowledge, no comprehensive and systematic review of the outcomes linked to this factor exists, and the two most closely related non‐systematic reviews were published over 10 years ago.
Methods
Therefore, by utilizing an iteratively optimized set of search terms applied across four databases, the current review sought to systematically collect, synthesize, and present the extant literature concerning the role of PSE in parent and child well‐being.
Results
This search strategy yielded a total of 115 studies, the results of which were organized into three broad thematic categories relating to: the parent and child relationship, parental mental health, or child development.
Conclusions
These results recapitulate the clinical relevance of PSE, and provide an updated and comprehensive understanding of both the role PSE plays in the welfare of parents and children, as well as the gaps in the literature as it currently stands.
Introduction
The sudden and large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused significant stress not only in Ukrainians but also in citizens of countries which have received the largest numbers of ...refugees.
Objectives
The aim of the current study was to identify stress, resilience, and self-efficacy levels, as well as to examine the relationships between these variables, in a sample of women from Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania during the third month of Russian aggression on Ukraine.
Methods
The study involved measuring a sample of Ukrainian (N = 82), Polish (N = 102), Slovak (N = 79), and Romanian (N = 42) women using the
Perception of Stress Questionnaire,
the
Brief Resilience Scale,
and the
Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale
in May 2022.
Results
The results showed that during the third month of Russian aggression on Ukraine, stress levels and its components (emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsychic stress) were the highest among Ukrainian women and the lowest among Polish women. The sense of self-efficacy was the lowest among Ukrainian women and highest among Polish women, while resilience was the lowest among Ukrainian women and the highest among Slovak women.
Conclusions
Women from Ukraine reported being in the worst mental state compared to the rest of the sample. Moreover, a path analysis of the measured variables points to a multifaceted relationship between stress, resilience, and self-efficacy among women from Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania during the third month of the Russian invasion.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
This study extended the research on the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention by developing a moderated mediation model. This study investigated whether ...entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediates this relationship. Also, this study examines whether the social support moderates this mediation model by conducting a moderated mediation analysis. Using a sample of 500 valid responses from university students, this study established that firstly, entrepreneurial passion positively affects entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Secondly, the indirect effect of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial self-efficacy was significant and positive. Thirdly, social support had a positive and significant influence on entrepreneurial intention, while the indirect effect of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial self-efficacy was moderated by social support. The study culminates with practical implications for scholars and policymakers in South Africa.
Background
Due to the global COVID‐19 pandemic, online learning became the only way to learn during this unprecedented crisis. This study began with a simple but vital question: What factors ...influenced the success of online learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic with a focus on online learning self‐efficacy?
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationship among self‐efficacy (SE) in time management, SE in technology use, SE in an online learning environment, and learning engagement.
Methods
The participants of the study were 1205 undergraduates who were enrolled in a residential undergraduate program in South Korea in spring semester, 2020. The online survey was administered to collect data for this research and the survey results were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Results and Conclusions
SE in technology use had a significant but negative influence on learning engagement and had a positive impact on SE in an online learning environment. SE in time management had a significant positive impact on SE in an online learning environment and learning engagement. SE in an online learning environment also significantly influenced learning engagement.
Implications
SE in technology use itself did not enhance learning engagement. In addition, indirect effects of SE in technology use and SE in time management on learning engagement through SE in an online learning environment were confirmed in this study. This indicates the influential role of SE in an online learning environment on learning engagement of online learners.
Lay Description
What is already known about this topic
COVID‐19 forced almost all students to learn online.
Time management plays a major role in the success of online learning.
Technology self‐efficacy is a requirement in online learning.
The learning engagement variable explains learning achievement and attitudes.
What this paper adds
Self‐efficacy (SE) in time management and SE in technology use enhanced SE in an online learning environment.
SE in technology use itself did not enhance learning engagement.
SE in time management and in SE an online learning environment significantly influenced learning engagement.
SE in an online learning environment mediated the relationship between SE in technology use and learning engagement as well as between SE in time management and learning engagement.
Implications for practice and/or policy
It is important to promote students' online learning self‐efficacy to enhance learning engagement in online learning.
Practitioners should be aware that SE in technology use improves learning engagement through SE in an online learning environment.
SE in time management should be promoted for successful online learning.
Background
Parent self‐efficacy (PSE), parents' confidence in their ability to successfully raise their children, has proved to be a powerful direct predictor of specific positive parenting ...practices. The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the Tool to Measure Parenting Self‐Efficacy (TOPSE) using data from the questionnaires previously completed in a controlled before–after study conducted in 2015 to evaluate a newsletter programme to help improve parenting. Mothers and fathers of newborns were asked to complete the TOPSE at the child's birth (t0), at 6 months (t1) and at 12 months (t2): 265 TOPSE questionnaires were collected at t0 (43%), 158 at t1 (26%) and 188 at t2 (31%).
Methods
We measured internal reliability using Cronbach's alpha for each of the eight domains of the TOPSE. The intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the external reliability only for parents with more than one child. Responsiveness was measured by testing the ability of the questionnaire to detect differences between groups and times that we expected to be measurable, based on consolidated findings in the literature. Mean scores of PSE improved from t0 to t2 (Hypothesis 1), PSE was lower at baseline for first‐time parents than for those with multiple children (Hypothesis 2) and the improvement from t0 to t2 was stronger for first‐time parents than for parents with multiple children (Hypothesis 3).
Results and Conclusion
Based on our sample of questionnaires, the Italian version of the TOPSE was reliable for almost all of the domains except for Emotion, Self‐acceptance and Learning, which could be refined by re‐framing or dropping one item. External reliability was moderate, bearing in mind that the questionnaire was repeated at different times over 12 months, during which parents normally change. Responsiveness was good, especially for the Emotion and Empathy domains.
Building from an established framework of self-efficacy development, this study provides a longitudinal examination of the development of creative self-efficacy in an ongoing work context. Results ...show that increases in employee creative role identity and perceived creative expectation from supervisors over a 6-month time period were associated with enhanced sense of employee capacity for creative work. Contrary to what was expected, employees who experienced increased requirements for creativity in their jobs actually reported a decreased sense of efficaciousness for creative work. Results show that increases in creative self-efficacy corresponded with increases in creative performance as well. (Contains 4 tables and 2 footnotes.)
Social and emotional self-efficacy at work Loeb, Carina; Stempel, Christiane; Isaksson, Kerstin
Scandinavian journal of psychology,
April 2016, Letnik:
57, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Research has shown that self‐efficacy is often one of the most important personal resources in the work context. However, because this research has focused on cognitive and task‐oriented ...self‐efficacy, little is known about social and emotional dimensions of self‐efficacy at work. The main aim of the present study was to investigate social and emotional self‐efficacy dimensions at work and to compare them to a cognitive and task‐oriented dimension. Scales to measure social and emotional self‐efficacy at work were developed and validated and found to be well differentiated from the cognitive task‐oriented occupational self‐efficacy scale. Confirmatory factor analyses of data from 226 Swedish and 591 German employees resulted in four separate but correlated self‐efficacy dimensions: (1) occupational; (2) social; (3) self‐oriented emotional; and (4) other‐oriented emotional. Social self‐efficacy explained additional variance in team climate and emotional self‐efficacy in emotional irritation and emotional exhaustion, over and above effects of occupational self‐efficacy. Men reported higher occupational self‐efficacy, whereas social and emotional self‐efficacy revealed no clear gender differences. The scales have strong psychometric properties in both Swedish and German language versions. The positive association between social self‐efficacy and team climate, and the negative relationships between self‐oriented emotional self‐efficacy and emotional irritation and emotional exhaustion may provide promising tools for practical applications in work settings such as team‐building, staff development, recruitment or other training programs aiming for work place health promotion. The next step will be to study how social and emotional self‐efficacy relate to leadership, well‐being and health over time.
Drawing on a social cognitive theory perspective, we contend that an employee's trust in oneself, or self‐efficacy, will interact with the individual's trust in the system, or trust in organization, ...to predict job attitudes and behaviours. Specifically, we expected that self‐efficacy would have stronger effects on job attitudes (job satisfaction and turnover intentions) and behaviours (task performance and organizational citizenship behaviours) to the degree to which employees perceive high levels of trust in organization. Using data collected from 300 employees and their respective supervisors at a manufacturing organization in Turkey across three waves, we found that self‐efficacy had more positive effects on job satisfaction, task performance, and citizenship behaviours when trust in organization was high. Interestingly, self‐efficacy had a positive effect on turnover intentions when trust in organization was low, indicating that high trust in organization buffered the effects of self‐efficacy on intentions to leave. The results suggest that the motivational value of trust in oneself is stronger to the degree to which employees also have high trust in the system, whereas low trust in system neutralizes the motivational benefits of self‐efficacy.
Practitioner points
Practicing managers should not only invest in increasing self‐efficacy of their employees, but also invest in building trust to improve employees’ attitudes, behaviours, and performance. This is because when employee trust in organization is high, employee self‐efficacy has greater potential to have a positive influence over job satisfaction, task performance, and organizational citizenship behaviours.
Self‐efficacy may actually increase an employee's desire to leave the organization when organizational conditions are unfavourable, such as in the case of low trust in the organization. Practicing managers should be aware that employees who have high levels of confidence may be at higher risk of turnover when they are unhappy with the organization.
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