Suggestions of a 'visual turn' in human geography imply that visual methods are becoming increasingly prevalent in geographical research. However, auto-photography remains relatively unexplored as a ...research method, empirically and theoretically. In this paper, I reflect on my use of this method in urban informal neighbourhoods in Mexico to explore some of the opportunities and challenges it gives rise to. During research into the spatial and social construction of place in colonias populares in Mexico, I used auto-photography as a way of accessing residents' perspectives of place meaning. As part of a mixed methods framework within a broadly phenomenological approach to place, auto-photography offers rich potential to explore participants' perceptual observations that may be harder to access through more conventional techniques such as interviews. It is particularly suitable for use with marginalised groups, given its capacity to emphasise how the less powerful see their place in the world. However, despite some work on analysing visual material as part of geographic research, the relatively novel nature of this technique means guidance is still evolving on ethical and analytical issues such as anonymity and representation.
Barcelonan okupas Vilaseca, Stephen Luis
2013., 2013, 2013-09-24
eBook
Barcelonan Okupas: Squatter Power! is the first book to combine close-readings of the representations of Spanish squatters known as okupas with the study of everyday life, built environment, and city ...planning in Barcelona. Vilaseca broadens the scope of Spanish cultural studies by integrating into it notions of embodied cognition and affect that respond to the city before and against the fixed relations of capitalism. Social transformation, as demonstrated by the okupas, is possible when city and art interrelate, not through capital or the urbanization of consciousness but through bodily thought. The okupas reconfigure the way thoughts, words, images and bodily responses are linked by evoking and communicating the idea of free exchange and openness through art (poetry, music, performance art, the plastic arts, graffiti, urban art and cinema); and by acting out and rehearsing these ideas in the practice of squatting. The okupas challenge society to differentiate the images and representations instituted by state domination or capitalist exploitation from the subversive potential of imagination. The okupas unify theory and practice, word and body, in pursuit of a positive, social vision that might serve humanity and lead the way out of the current problems caused by capitalism.
•The study deals with tunnelling-induced settlements and effects on a masonry building.•The developed 3D model simulates the main features of mechanized excavation.•Class A numerical predictions, ...measured and recalculated settlements are compared.•The influence of the soil stiffness and of the constitutive model is investigated.•The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed numerical approach.
This paper deals with the effects induced by the mechanized excavation of Rome metro line C in the area of an old masonry building, the Carducci school. Class A settlements predictions are obtained performing full 3D soil-tunnel-structure interaction numerical analyses, using a simple elastic perfectly plastic soil constitutive model. The developed model realistically simulates the main excavation and construction features influencing the induced settlements, such as tunnel advancement, front pressure, TBM-EPB design (shield’s weight, overcut and conicity), tail void grouting and grout hardening over time. The measured settlements are reported and compared with the results of numerical analyses performed before (class A prediction) and after tunnelling; the latter carried out to implement in the model the front pressure and TBM conicity actual values, both higher than assumed in the design. Since before the excavation the foundations were reinforced with micropiles, and these were not modelled, the comparison between monitoring data and numerical predictions is limited to the settlements outside the building. Monitoring data are also compared with further analyses conducted using small-strain soil stiffness and using a constitutive model able to reproduce the non-linearity of soil behavior (Hardening Soil). The different predictions of the two models are investigated analyzing the vertical strains distributions and the stress paths around the tunnel. Finally, a reasonable interpretation for the remaining differences between numerical results and field data is proposed and used to back-analyze the settlements, obtaining a satisfactory agreement. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed 3D numerical approach, associated with relatively simple soil constitutive models, as a tool to predict tunnelling-induced settlements both in the design and the construction phase, independently of the geotechnical context.
Introduction: Leptospirosis is zoonotic disease that transmits via natural transmission from vertebrate animals to human beings and vice versa. This disease is caused by an infection of the ...Leptospira sp. bacterium. It is estimated that there are 1 million cases of Leptospirosis that attack humans worldwide with 60 thousand deaths per year. In Indonesia, such cases and death rates have fluctuated. In 2021, there was a decrease in cases, but the CFR rate increased from 9.1% to 11.4%. Leptospirosis cases become endemic in many countries, especially in tropical and subtropical areas with high rainfall, especially in settlements with poor environmental conditions. Based on previous research, there were differences in the results between several research variables with the incidence of Leptospirosis. This gap underlies the writing of this article to bring together the existing results. Discussion: This study used literature review method for research articles on biotic and abiotic environmental risk factors with Leptospirosis in settlements sourced from scientific publication websites. After going through these stages, 14 final full text articles were obtained. The data used were research studies conducted from January 2018 to April 2023. The articles found show that environmental factors are closely related to the incidence of Leptospirosis in settlements. Conclusion: The variable abiotic environment factors associated with the occurrence of Leptospirosis are temperature, pH, the presence of sewers and puddles. The presence of rats and the presence of animals or livestock are related to biotic environmental factors.
Perhaps no other symbol has more resonance in African American history than that of "40 acres and a mule"—the lost promise of Black reparations for slavery after the Civil War. In I've Been Here All ...the While, we meet the Black people who actually received this mythic 40 acres, the American settlers who coveted this land, and the Native Americans whose holdings it originated from.In nineteenth-century Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma), a story unfolds that ties African American and Native American history tightly together, revealing a western theatre of Civil War and Reconstruction, in which Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians, their Black slaves, and African Americans and whites from the eastern United States fought military and rhetorical battles to lay claim to land that had been taken from others.Through chapters that chart cycles of dispossession, land seizure, and settlement in Indian Territory, Alaina E. Roberts draws on archival research and family history to upend the traditional story of Reconstruction. She connects debates about Black freedom and Native American citizenship to westward expansion onto Native land. As Black, white, and Native people constructed ideas of race, belonging, and national identity, this part of the West became, for a short time, the last place where Black people could escape Jim Crow, finding land and exercising political rights, until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.
At this point in Quito’s history, once legalized informal settlements and public housing complexes are consolidated, it is relevant to look back and evaluate these two types of housing. Specifically, ...this study proposes that the time has come to measure whether both legalized and public housing have been able to gain value overtime. Three samples have been collected and processed: 1) 200 dwelling units from a legalized informal settlement,2) 40 dwelling units from a public housing complex,and 3) 100 citywide. Our results show that dwellings in the legalized informal settlement gained more percentage value and required a lower initial investment than public housing. However, it was also observed that values from the legalized informal settlement are starting to decrease. Two types of conclusions can be drawn from these results. Retrospectively, it is possible to conclude that public housing in Quito has not been competitive compared to legalized informal settlements and, therefore, has failed to target low-income families. But looking into the future, these results show that it is time to rethink housing public policy in that city. The time has come for public housing to be reconceptualized and for legalized informal settlements to be sustained.
In Mikulčice and Its Hinterland, Marek Hladík presents an archaeological model of socio-economic relations in Great Moravia, built on the data from the hinterland of the Mikulčice. The book analyses ...relations between the centre and its surroundings.
Sovereign Mars Haqq-Misra, Jacob
2023, 2022, 2023-01-25
eBook
The goal of sending humans to Mars is becoming increasingly technologically feasible, but the prospect of space colonization raises important questions about civilizational ethics and collective ...morality. History shows how destructive colonialism has been, resulting in centuries-long struggles to achieve liberation from the violent competition for land and resources by colonial powers. Space settlement poses the same temptation on a cosmic scale, with commercial actors and government space agencies doing the work previously carried out by European empires. The question is whether humans will take a different approach in this new frontier.
In Sovereign Mars , astrobiologist Jacob Haqq-Misra argues that settling Mars offers humankind a transformative opportunity to avoid the mistakes of the past by “liberating Mars” as a sovereign planet from the start. Rather than see space as a way to escape human problems on Earth, Mars presents humanity with a challenge to address these problems by thinking carefully about the theory and practice of civilization. Drawing on past examples of cooperative sovereignty, such as the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the United Nations Law of the Sea Conventions, and the Antarctic Treaty System, Haqq-Misra begins a conversation about governance in space well in advance of the first arrival of humans on Mars and makes the case for an analogous approach to space that will preserve the space environment and benefit future generations.
Haqq-Misra examines the emergence of sovereignty in space through the lens of historical precedent on Earth and develops models of shared governance that could maximize the transformative potential of Mars settlement. Sovereign Mars proposes the planet would serve humankind best as an independent planetary state, a juridical peer to Earth, to enable new experiments in human civilization and develop a pragmatic model for shared governance on Mars.
"Engaging. Kozakavich offers a compelling argument about the significant place of intentional communities in the American experience and beyond."--Lu Ann De Cunzo, coeditor ofUnlocking the Past: ...Celebrating Historical Archaeology in North America Utopian and intentional communities have dotted the American landscape since the colonial era, yet only in recent decades have archaeologists begun analyzing the material culture left behind by these groups. The case studies in this volume use archaeological evidence to reveal how these communities upheld their societal ideals--and how some diverged from them in everyday life. Surveying settlement patterns, the built environment, and even the smallest artifacts such as tobacco pipes and buttons, Stacy Kozakavich explores groups including the Shakers, the Harmony Society, the Moravians, the Ephrata Cloister, the Oneida community, Brook Farm, Mormon towns, the Llano del Rio colony, and the Kaweah colony. She urges researchers not to dismiss these communal experiments as quaint failures but to question how the lifestyles of the people in these groups are interpreted for visitors today. She reminds us that there is inspiration to be found in the unique ways these intentional communities pursued radical social goals.
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