Solving the Silence Killeen, Olivia J; Bridges, Laura
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association,
2018-Nov-20, Letnik:
320, Številka:
19
Journal Article
Knowledge about the prevalence of sexual and gender-based harassment is hampered by disagreements about definitions and measurement methods. The two most common measurement methods are the ...self-labelling (a single question about exposure to sexual harassment) and the behavioural list method (an inventory of sexually harassing behaviours). The aim of this paper was to compare the self-labelling and the behavioural list methods for measuring sexual harassment and assess the association with depressive symptoms.
The study is based on a convenience sample of 1686 individuals employed in 29 workplaces in Denmark. Survey data were collected from November 2020 until June 2021 and there were 1000 participants with full data on key variables. We used a linear mixed-effects model to examine the relationship between sexual harassment and depressive symptoms.
In total, 2.5% self-labelled as being sexually harassed, while 19.0% reported exposure to at least one type of sexual and gender-based harassment using the behavioural list method. Both groups reported higher levels of depressive symptoms compared with non-exposed employees. The most common types of behaviours were: that someone spoke derogatorily about women/men (11.6%); being belittled because of one's gender or sexuality (4.7%); and unwanted comments about one's body, clothes or lifestyle (4.5%).
Online forms of sexual violence, such as image-based sexual harassment and abuse, can have serious consequences for victims’ well-being. Still, not every victim seeks help. Therefore, the present ...study examined the engagement of youth with advertisements on Snapchat for the promotion of help-seeking at a victim support organization after image-based sexual harassment and abuse victimization. Two advertising campaigns, focusing on either image-based sexual harassment or abuse, were run on Snapchat targeted at 13-to-25-year-old Dutch users. A 2 x 2 x 2 quasi-experimental design was implemented, manipulating three variables in each campaign to measure the engagement (ratio of swipe-ups to impressions) generated by each advertisement variation. The analyses indicate that 2.93% and 3.79% of Snapchat users engaged with the image-based sexual harassment and abuse campaigns respectively. A significant increase in engagement was found in the image-based sexual abuse campaign when self-blame was mentioned in the advertisement. The acknowledgement of self-blame, a well-known barrier to help-seeking, and the reassurance that one is not to blame, may be beneficial in promoting help-seeking. In conclusion, the use of social media advertising by victim support organizations may be effective in promoting help-seeking. Further research on the role of personal characteristics on advertisement engagement is encouraged.
•Social media advertising may be beneficial for reaching victims of image-based sexual harassment and abuse.•Snapchat advertising may be effective in promoting help-seeking after image-based sexual harassment and abuse victimization.•The content of the advertisement may influence the Snapchat users' engagement with the advertisement.•Acknowledging self-blame and reassuring that the victim is not to blame increases engagement with the advertisement.
The Bulletin has ignited the conversation around sexual assault in surgery, resulting in an avalanche of personal testimonies and calls for action to change surgical culture. Victoria Pegna et al ...detail the steps they have planned to tackle the problem.
Expert witnesses Allum, Robin
Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,
03/2022, Letnik:
104, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Sir, I have serious concerns regarding the suitability of expert witnesses in clinical negligence. There is always a drive to settle these cases for a small amount without admission of liability as ...when a case gets as far as court, the result is at best unpredictable, and often depends on the ability of the respective barristers and/or the sympathy of the judge. Willness CR, Steel P, Lee K. A meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of workplace sexual harassment.
Workplace sexual harassment remains an insidious yet pervasive component of organizational life. Building on research that has established that leaders play an important role in condoning or revoking ...sexual harassment, we theorize that a CEO's appearance—specifically, the extent to which their face is prototypically masculine—can influence employee assumptions about the patriarchal nature of organizational hierarchy, which, in turn, influences their perceptions of the degree to which sexual harassment will be tolerated. We test these ideas in three complementary studies. Study 1 observes that employees in large organizations headed by a CEO with a more masculine face report more instances of sexual harassment in online reviews. Study 2 uses an experiment to show that CEO facial masculinity drives followers’ perceptions that sexual harassment is tolerated in an organization by increasing the presumption that the organization is patriarchal. Study 3 affirms these results with a sample of new employees both before and after their first day on the job. Together, these studies provide evidence that a presumption of patriarchy increases the perceived tolerance for sexual harassment, which yields more observations of sexual harassment in the workplace.
Sexual harassment is one of the most significant problems facing American higher education today, and Title IX requires schools to address it. Yet Title IX was not created to confront sexual ...harassment, and the statute does not mention sexual harassment. This article explains how sexual harassment became a form of illegal sex discrimination in education under Title IX. Triangulating multiple data sources across linked case studies of three universities, I find that the mutual interpenetration of social networks across the educational and legal domains stimulated the shift, which exemplifies a more general process that I call the endogenous repurposing of law. This concept combines institutional theory on law and organizations with social network research on institutional emergence to clarify how new applications of law arise from within the organizations that law seeks to regulate.
This article uses an original dataset of federal Title IX complaints to assess whether and how mobilization of the law to confront sexual harassment has diffused throughout four-year (and above) ...nonprofit colleges and universities. Event history analyses show that complaints spread more rapidly among schools of similar selectivity as well as among institutions linked by a new indicator for social proximity—school Twitter ties—that encompasses multiple forms of social proximity simultaneously. The same diffusion patterns do not emerge for other types of sex discrimination complaints filed under Title IX, indicating that networks channel the capacity to mobilize law differently across different types of claims. The findings illuminate a dramatic transformation in the deployment of Title IX that has reshaped how colleges and universities govern gender relations.
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