Background, Cohort effects, new sex partnerships, and human papillomavirus (HPV) reactivation have been posited as explanations for the bimodal age specific HPV prevalence observed in some ...populations; no studies have systematically evaluated the reasons for the lack of a second peak in the United States. Methods. A cohort of 843 women aged 35-60 years were enrolled into a 2-year, semiannual follow-up study. Age-specific HPV prevalence was estimated in strata defined by a lower risk of prior infection (< 5 self-reported lifetime sex partners) and a higher risk of prior infection (> 5 lifetime sex partners). The interaction between age and lifetime sex partners was tested using likelihood ratio statistics. Population attributable risk (PAR) was estimated using Levin's formula. Results. The age-specific prevalence of 14 high-risk HPV genotypes (HR-HPV) declined with age among women with < 5 lifetime sex partners but not among women with > 5 lifetime sex partners (P=.01 for interaction). The PAR for HR-HPV due to > 5 lifetime sex partners was higher among older women (87.2%), compared with younger women (28.0%). In contrast, the PAR associated with a new sex partner was 28% among women aged 35-49 years and 7.7% among women aged 50-60 years. Conclusions. A lower cumulative probability of HPV infection among women with a sexual debut before the sexual revolution may be masking an age-related increase in HPV reactivation in the United States.
This paper examines how the editors and contributors to Christianity Today (CT) called for an evangelical sexual ethics in the 1960s. Editors and contributors alike were concerned that the supposed ...sexual immorality on college campuses, the liberalization of obscenity laws, the approval and sale of the birth control, and secular sex education programs threatened the United States’ social health. They believed that evangelicals needed to learn how to talk about sex, and this belief resulted in the development of conservative Protestant sex manuals by the middle of the 1970s. Overall, talk about sex in the pages of CT demonstrates that evangelicals are neither anti-sex nor traditionalists. They instead forged a new sexual ethic in response to the historical events and developments of the 1960s.
Abstract
Technological change and the growth of technocratic approaches to government have gone hand-in-hand with the development of secular transhumanism in the West. The result is a perfect storm ...for the onset of cultural or “soft” totalitarianism in what during the Cold War was known as the “Free World.” Accelerating political opposition to traditional and biological definitions of sex, and to traditional marriage and family networks in Christian contexts, has undermined anthropological and value assumptions basic to self-government. Paradoxically, in this post-Cold War environment, Russian culture now provides a model for renewing the Christian understanding of sex related to defining freedom as self-restraint. Specifically, that model is that of the Russian Orthodox Christian anthropology of sex and its related theological tradition.
This article considers the shift in 1970s Britain towards a pornography based not only on popular consumption but popular participation too. Focusing on the 'Readers' Wives' genre of magazine ...features, it suggests that the making of soft-core pornography offered readers the possibility, through home photography, to document a 'liberated' sexual domesticity with growing cultural currency. This process involved the eroticisation of a broader turn to ordinariness in British culture, as well as the public transgression of the zone of sexual privacy carved out by the Wolfenden Report and the liberal sexual settlement of the 1950s and 1960s. The article therefore tracks the emergence in the late twentieth century of a new model of sexual selfhood that could be sparked into being through new ways of looking and being looked at. Especially for women, 'Readers' Wives' linked sexual objectification and subjectification in a new and profound way. Overall, the development of a pornography of participation and a new erotics of ordinariness are framed in the article as constitutive of the sexual visuality of the 'Sexual Revolution'.
The article analyses post-war family planning campaigning in Italy and the legalization of the Pill (1971), in order to illustrate wider processes of change in sexual norms and practices, the ...feminization of contraception, and the emergence of notions of individual rights in procreation. Situating the Italian family planning movement as part of a transnational network and a global agenda, it problematizes understandings of family planning as a site of individual liberation only, highlighting the hierarchization of reproductive bodies that underpinned the campaigns of many family planning activists. Drawing on archives, publications and memoirs by family planners in Italy and the US, this is the first scholarly analysis of the Italian family planning movement's role in the (illegal) distribution of contraception and sexual information, as well as its key contribution to the legalization of the Pill. The article aims to offer an original contribution to the socio-political negotiation of reproductive agency in the post-war period, set against the backdrop of the globalization of demographic debate, secularization, changing gender roles and new medical technologies.
This article introduces a multi-faceted approach to the study of asexuality that takes seriously the diverse terrain whence asexuality emerges and takes shape in China today. Intense globalization ...has facilitated connections between Chinese asexuals and their counterparts in other countries. The surge of dating agencies and websites for asexual marriage in China calls for attention to asexuals’ imaginings of a happy life that reflect not so much a globalized asexual discourse as the cultural resources that are available in China. Notions such as platonic love, celibacy, the DINK (double income, no kids) family and the big family help Chinese asexuals rewrite marriage and family scripts to accommodate their preferences. Yet, the pursuit of a happy marriage, as well as the exploration of asexual identity, are governed by a medical regime that regulates the (a)sexual lives of Chinese individuals.
Partindo do princípio de que os jovens são portadores de normas mais tolerantes e individualistas que as das gerações anteriores, o artigo vem recuperar excertos de entrevistas biográficas aplicadas ...a rapazes e raparigas e questionar os limites do ideário de liberalização sexual. Para isso, a análise centra-se em duas dimensões fundamentais dos discursos sobre mudança na sexualidade: a igualdade de género e a aceitação da diversidade sexual. Sem negar a crescente flexibilização das normas e dos percursos afetivos e sexuais dos indivíduos, pretende-se mostrar como a vivência da sexualidade reflete um movimento de liberalização das condutas apenas nos limites do prescrito, estando tais condicionantes ainda muito associadas às diferenças de género e à heteronormatividade.
The undeniable shift in American culture over last decades, regarding the values and self-identity of its citizens, has been a subject of extensive inquiries. While there have been studies of many ...problematic developments, such as the erosion of social capital or the rise of narcissism, not much attention has been dedicated to the meta-perspective of the ongoing transformation and self-destructive mechanisms of modern social and cultural agendas. Pitirim Sorokin has pointed out the importance of a dominant attitude towards sex, which virtually predestines the future of a given society. Conservative in its outlook, his view is worth taking into consideration, especially due to its references to the historical data of past civilizations. This perspective is especially relevant for the modern cultural and scientific paradigm, which regards contestation of sexual expansion as unjustified and even illegitimate. Sorokin’s perspective on “sexual anarchy” might prove to be a valid one in regard to Western civilization.
In an effort to modernize criminal and civil
investigations, early Bolsheviks gave forensic doctors-most of whom
had been trained under the tsarist regime-new authority over issues
of sexuality. ...Revolutionaries believed that forensic
medicine could provide scientific and objective solutions to sexual
disorder in the new society. Bolshevik Sexual Forensics
explores the institutional history of Russian and Soviet forensic
medicine and examines the effects of its authority when confronting
sexual disorder. Healey compares sex crime investigations from
Petrograd and Sverdlovsk in the 1920s to the numerous publications
by forensic doctors and psychiatrists of the prerevolutionary and
early Soviet periods to illustrate the role that these specialists
played. In addition, Healey presents a fascinating look at how
doctors diagnosed and treated hermaphroditism, showing how Soviet
physicians revolutionized the standard scientific view in these
cases by taking into account individual desire.
This study sheds light on unexplored radical and reactionary
forces that shaped the Bolshevik "sexual revolution" as lawmakers
defined new ways of seeing sexual crime and disorder. Forensic
doctors struggled to interpret the replacement of the age of
consent with a standard of "sexual maturity," a designation that
made female sexuality a collective "resource," not part of an
individual's personality. "Innocence," "experience," and virginity
played a major role in the expertise doctors furnished in rape and
abuse trials. Psychiatrists recoiled from the language of sexual
psychology in their investigations of sex criminals. Yet in the
clinic, Soviet physicians probed the desires of the two-sexed
citizen, whose psychology served as the basis for a distinctly
modern approach to the "erasure" of the hermaphrodite.
Healey concludes that the vision of men and women as equals
after a "sexual revolution" was undermined from the outset of the
Soviet experiment. Law and medicine failed to protect women and
girls from violence, and Soviet medicine's physiological and
biological model of sexual citizenship erased the vision of sexual
self-expression, especially for women. This groundbreaking study
will appeal to Soviet historians and those interested in gender
studies, sexuality, medicine, and forensics.
The sexual revolution is unfinished. A sexual double standard between men and women still exists, and society continues to punish bad girls and reward good ones. Until we eliminate good-girl ...privilege and bad-girl stigma, women will not be fully free to embrace their sexuality. Meredith Ralston looks at the common denominators between the #MeToo movement, the myths of rape culture, and the pleasure gap between men and women to reveal the ways that sexually liberated women threaten the patriarchy.
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