The sexual revolution that took place in the late 1960s and early 1970s is one of the most profound social changes during the second half of the twentieth century in America. Before the revolution, ...there existed a norm proscribing premarital sex (PS norm); premarital sex was not accepted. After the sexual revolution, the PS norm no longer existed; premarital sex became accepted. In the literature on how premarital sex became accepted, little attention is given to the institutional change that transpired—the collapse of a sexual norm. This study specifies one micro-mechanism of this social change. Specifically, adopting methodological individualism and the prisoner's dilemma game, I develop a theory that explains how a technological innovation for contraception triggered a change in individuals' perception of premarital sex, which led to their behavioral change. As a result, premarital sex became accepted, and the norm proscribing premarital sex collapsed. I use General Social Survey data to test the hypothesized micro-mechanism of the institutional change. The empirical analysis supports the hypothesis derived from the theory. Based on the above analyses, I discuss two alternative explanations and the issue of teenage pregnancy.
This article examines the role of sociology in the newly emerged interdisciplinary field of sexology in China, the purpose of which is to produce the ideal citizen. Two strands of Chinese sexology ...are identified, the biomedical and subjective constructionist models. The former promotes sex for pleasure to enhance marital harmony and thus social stability. Through the establishment of new norms of behavior and relations to the self, individuals are called on to be modern subjects who master sexual knowledge and enjoy a quality sex life with a proper frequency of sex. Those who fail are subject to the control of the medical regime. The latter model emphasizes the recognition of subjective interpretation and divergent sexual practices, and has the potential to serve as a corrective to the biomedical model.
Several scholars argue that there is a causal link between the sexual revolution, plunging fertility rates, delayed age of first marriage and the waning influence of Christianity between 1957 and ...1975, and that the most dramatic shift occurred in Canada. However, when these findings are contrasted with intergenerational family narratives gathered from women living in a culturally distinct and religiously homogeneous Canadian province, a more complex story of de-Christianization in relation to women's reproductive lives emerges. We suggest that secularization in women's lives in Newfoundland and Labrador occurred later, and appeared to coincide with two significant de-institutionalizing events – the Mount Cashel scandal in the 1980s and the end of the denominational school system in the 1990s. Moreover, even following women's reported departure from the Church, religiously-framed morality remains salient in women's descriptions of their reproductive lives, and mothers were central in imparting these mores.
•Secularization was delayed in a religiously and culturally homogeneous and geographically isolated Canadian province.•Christianity had a continued strong influence even among women who had reportedly left the Church.•Christian-related mores remained lodged in women's subjectivity and embodied experiences of their reproductive lives.•Mothers remained central in imparting Christian-related mores in the post-de-Christianized period.
Critical review of the book:DABHOIWALA, Faramerz. As origens do sexo: uma história da primeira revolução sexual. Tradução: Rafael Mantovani. 1. ed. São Paulo: Globo, 2013.
DABHOIWALA, Faramerz. As ...origens do sexo: uma história da primeira revolução sexual. Tradução: Rafael Mantovani. 1. ed. São Paulo: Globo, 2013.
In 1971, anti-abortion leaders in the United States came together to establish a new national organization, Americans United for Life (AUL). In its first year, AUL struggled to put ecumenism into ...practice and deliberated over how best to spread its message. After months of often-bitter debate, right-to-lifers in AUL chose compromise over absolutism and education over protest. They positioned themselves within the secular rather than the theological realm and rejected emotive, ideological, or partisan appeals. They envisaged an anti-abortion activism that could transcend religious and political divisions, believing that only this approach would facilitate the growth of a truly mass right-to-life citizenry.
This paper questions the link between two major transformations observed in eighteenth century Europe: the reorganization of kinship structures and kinship solidarities on the one hand and the ...so-called 'sexual revolution' of the eighteenth century on the other, i.e. the spectacular rise of illegitimacy throughout Europe. Raising the question of this link has far-reaching theoretical implications, since the fundamental changes in kinship and sexuality have been treated so far as two independent phenomena in separate domains. The results presented in this paper refer to mountain villages of the Swiss Alps and base on genealogical data extracted from a large dynamic database called the Registre historique de la population du Valais. They suggest that the remarkable increase of close kin marriages was closely connected with changes in sexual habits and with the building of different sexual milieus. The 'sexual revolution' in the Entremont region was largely the issue of a few families and kin groups tending to build tightly knitted networks. In this perspective, the increase of kin marriages reflected the diversification of political and sexual milieus, characterized by different values, ideologies and attitudes. This profound diversification of life styles shows that social change did not affect local societies as a whole, but was supported by particular milieus made cohesive by privileged alliances within kin groups and by particular network patterns.
Resumen Este artículo indaga las narrativas médicas ácratas referidas al placer sexual en Argentina durante los años treinta y cuarenta del s. XX. El abordaje de las intervenciones de los médicos ...Juan Lazarte y Manuel Martín Fernández nos permite matizar periodizaciones en relación con el discurso sexológico y la Revolución Sexual. Lazarte y Fernández, que participaban del movimiento anarquista, defendieron la legitimidad del placer sexual independiente de la reproducción, y se opusieron a la institución matrimonial, y a la prostitución, como únicos ámbitos aceptados para el ejercicio sexual. Es decir, anticiparon propuestas que fueron los ejes centrales de la Revolución Sexual de los años 1960. Asimismo, al definir los vínculos sexuales, recrearon exclusiones a partir de la matriz heterosexual de la cual partían. A través de las herramientas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso, y desde una perspectiva de género, analizaremos dichas narrativas médicas, difundidas en libros y revistas culturales.
Abstract This article analyzes the anarchist medical narratives about sexual pleasure during the thirties and forties in Argentina. Juan Lazarte and Manuel Martín Fernández interventions allow a periodization of sexual discourse and the Sexual Revolution. These doctors, participants of the anarchist movement, defended the legitimacy of sexual pleasure independent of reproduction, and opposed the matrimonial institution and prostitution as the only recognized sexual exercise spaces - anticipating the main propositions of the sixties Sexual Revolution. By defining sexual bonds, they also recreated exclusions derived from the heterosexual matrix which served as their foundation. Through a Critical Analysis of Discourse, and from a gender studies perspective, this article analyzes their medical narratives published in books and cultural magazines.
Resumo Este artigo explora as narrativas médicas anarquistas relativas ao prazer sexual durante os anos trinta e quarenta, na Argentina. A abordagem das intervenções dos médicos Juan Lazarte e Manuel Martín Fernández nos permite nuançar periodizações sobre o discurso sexológico e a Revolução Sexual. Estes médicos, que participaram do movimento anarquista, defenderam a legitimidade do prazer sexual independente da reprodução e se opuseram à instituição do casamento e a prostituição como as únicas áreas aceitas para o exercício sexual. Ou seja, eles anteciparam propostas consideradas basilares da Revolução Sexual dos anos 1960. Além disso, ao definir os vínculos sexuais, recriaram exclusões a partir da matriz heterossexual que lhes servia de alicerce. Através das ferramentas de Análise Crítica do Discurso e de uma perspectiva de gênero nos propomos analisar as suas narrativas médicas divulgadas em livros e revistas culturais.
Western scholars have generally proposed that the Chinese state always restricts political freedoms and oppresses individual expression of sexual rights. The purpose of this paper is to view ...sexuality outside this stereotypical perspective through complex stories about and explanations of sexuality in China. In order to do so I have undertaken a case study of Ye Haiyan, a feminist activist and internet celebrity in China. By focusing on her staging of her sexual body, enjoyment of sexual pleasure, and experience of sex work, the study demonstrates China's individualized sexual revolution. It argues that Ye's sexual practices indicate possibilities for self-expression and agency of new sexual subjects in China.
This article assesses the Surrealist and avant-garde dimensions of Dušan Makavejev's films, concentrating particularly on his 1960s and 1970s features, as well as his amateur short films. My analysis ...reveals the overt presence of 'classically' Surrealist motifs and themes in two of the shorts, before examining how Makavejev's mature work reflects Surrealist and avant-garde principles of collage, artistic appropriation and the breakdown of distinctions between producer and spectator. Finally I explore how Makavejev evokes and subverts key archetypes of both Surrealism and Yugoslavia's home-grown avant-garde - respectively, the Surrealist woman and the Nietzschean 'barbarogenius'.