En México, existió un sinnúmero de maneras de entender y aplicar la legislación agraria, de desviarse de ella o ignorarla, de un ejido a otro; las prácticas han podido ser ilegales, lo que no ...significa que no contaban con legitimidad social. Las reformas de 1992 al artículo 27 constitucional, que tenían como objetivos la aparición de una nueva forma de propiedad privada y la integración de las tierras al mercado, buscaron también normar estas prácticas y homogeneizar las relaciones de los ejidatarios con el territorio.
En este trabajo, estudiaremos la historia de dos ejidos del centro del estado de Veracruz, mediante la revisión de los archivos agrarios y la realización de trabajo de campo. Ambos ejidos presentaron grandes diferencias a lo largo del tiempo en sus prácticas y su “manera de ser ejido”. Buscaremos entender si la reforma de 1992 ha cumplido con su papel de normalización y homogeneización, si ha sido un parteaguas en las prácticas relacionadas con las tierras ejidales y si ha acabado, no solamente con la propiedad social, sino también con la idea de comunidad.
The contributions of Ellen Meiksins Wood to social property relations arguments have facilitated an enhanced understanding of the historical specificity of capitalism and its structuring conditions. ...Yet such arguments also have some questionable assumptions when it comes to theorising gender and so-called ‘extra-economic’ identities, most noticeably regarding capitalism as indifferent to gender relations. This article delves into such issues by delivering a set of quandaries about various aspects of the social property relations approach and its relevance to wider debates on economy and space. We contend that debates in Marxism Feminism and social reproduction theory therein should be elevated to centre stage in considerations of political economy and economic geography. Consequently, it is possible to dispense with the notion that capitalism is structurally indifferent to gender, which mars the social property relations approach. At the same time, however, there are tensions within Marxism Feminism, not least revolving around questions of value, the role of unpaid labour in the household, and wider theorising on the relationship between ‘market’ conditions and extra-economic relations of ‘state’ power. We explore two major contending routes to what we call a value theory of reproductive labour within Marxism Feminism and conclude that this reconnaissance provides an opportunity to initiate enhanced discussion on future political struggles against capital's requirements.
Although housing plays a pivotal role in global capitalism, the theoretical links between housing research and political economy remain tenuous. Building on the recent revival of rent theory, this ...article fleshes out a political economy framework for the analysis of housing provision under capitalism. It opens with an outline of the process of "residential accumulation", explained as a complex interaction between the opposing dynamics of rent extraction and capitalist production. The article then traces this interaction across the different phases of the housing provision process, starting at the point of production, passing through exchange and finance, and finishing with social reproduction. In doing so, the article identifies the conflictual social property relations at work, as well as how these are shaped by different institutional variables. It thus explores the dilemmas that residential accumulation poses for the governance of urban social formations - and, crucially, of capitalism more broadly.
Shared spaces are gaining presence in cities, where a variety of players and mobility types (pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles, and cars) move without specifically delimited areas. This makes the ...traffic they comprise challenging for automated systems. The information traditionally considered (e.g., streets, and obstacle positions and speeds) is not enough to build suitable models of the environment. The required explanatory and anticipation capabilities need additional information to improve them.
(e.g., goal of the displacement, companion, or available time) should be considered, as they have a strong influence on how people move and interact with the environment. This paper presents the Social-Aware Driver Assistance System (SADAS) approach to integrate this information into traffic systems. It relies on a domain-specific modelling language for social contexts and their changes. Specifications compliant with it describe social and system information, their links, and how to process them.
are the formalization within the language of relevant knowledge extracted from literature to interpret information. A multi-agent system architecture manages these specifications and additional processing resources. A SADAS can be connected to other parts of traffic systems by means of subscription-notification mechanisms. The case study to illustrate the approach applies social knowledge to predict people's movements. It considers a distributed system for obstacle detection and tracking, and the intelligent management of traffic signals.
The Cochabamba water war in 2000 was the first water war of the twenty-first century. During the mobilizations in Bolivia, a factory workers' manifesto read: "We don't want private property nor state ...property, but self-management and social property." The social practices of many Cochabambinos and Cochabambinas did not defend water as an object. They supported forms of life in common and a way of practicing democracy in the politics of presence. They recalled traditional usos y costumbres, which have been reconfigured in their encounter with other unprecedented practices, situations, and legal systems. Finally, the water war insurgents aimed to restore another practice of democracy and different property relations. Social property (propiedad social) was born in the social and political context of the water war mobilizations. In this article, I investigate social property as a practice that exceeds the current legal definition of ownership and discloses new legal forms of relationship with water. Methodologically, it is about extracting theory from practice - extracting from concrete social practices new concepts that require thinking about.
The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America-Peoples Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP) represents the most dramatic regional departure from neoliberalism under Latin America's pink tide, based on ...principles of anti-imperialism, mutual development, and barter exchange. Since 2015 however, trade and social programmes between member countries have deteriorated, while regional support for ALBA has declined. In order to account for the rise and relative fall of ALBA-TCP, this article mobilizes the theory of social property relations to trace the international, regional and national forces and structures that have shaped the development trajectory of the ALBA since its creation in 2004. It argues that ALBA's characteristics are principally constituted through concrete class formations, struggles and institutional resolutions that shape the pattern of ALBA's international relations. Ultimately, the contradictions of ALBA's social base with its uneven insertion into the broader international division of labour has created a series of tensions and roadblocks.
Replying to Samuel Knafo and Benno Teschke, this article shows how Political Marxism offers powerful conceptual tools to understand modes of production that structure historical processes as ...fundamentally constituted by exploitative social and political relations. I explain how structure, or rules of reproduction, should be understood as alienated social relations, which are inherent to all class societies. Understanding structure this way leaves ample space for – and makes inevitable – the consideration of agency.
En el presente artículo se analizan los efectos de la Ley Agraria de 1915 en los sistemas de riego construidos por pueblos y haciendas. No obstante que la citada ley no ordenó la dotación de agua, ...los ejidatarios hicieron uso de ella, cuestión que generó varios conflictos entre usuarios. La discusión se aborda a través del estudio de uno de los latifundios más extensos de la región, la hacienda San Servando Tlahuelilpan, en suroeste del estado de Hidalgo. A través del estudio de documentos históricos y resoluciones presidenciales con las que se concedieron ejidos, se concluye que la reforma agraria abrió la puerta a demandas de afectados no solo con la expropiación de tierras sino también con la apropiación del agua y obras hidráulicas por parte de los ejidatarios.
The paper is dedicated to Dragoslav Avramovic, a unique personality who
played a key role in a historically important period for Federal Republic
(FR) of Yugoslavia. After the successful ...implementation of his macroeconomic
stabilization program, Avramovic wanted to implement other important
economic reforms. In November 1995, he prepared the ?Program II? that
contained fifteen measures, one of which was the ?Democratization of
property relations?. Avramovic formed a Working Group in April 1996 that was
to prepare a privatization program for FR Yugoslavia. The program was soon
ready, proposing obligatory, comprehensive and fast privatization of all
enterprises in FR Yugoslavia, using a combination of different methods.
However, Avramovic?s privatization program was not even officially
discussed, since in mid-May 1995 he had to leave his position of Governor of
the National Bank. The paper also points to the profound ideological
differences among intellectuals at that time and to the wider consequences
of Avramovic?s departure.
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