La diffusion des arts martiaux chinois en Afrique a été investie par Pékin dans le cadre du déploiement de sa diplomatie culturelle en Afrique. Des intermédiaires participent à cette diffusion, ...notamment au Cameroun et au Gabon. Cet article présente le rôle nouveau et peu étudié de ces acteurs, entre diplomatie informelle et intérêts personnels. Vivant sur place ou à l’étranger, ils utilisent leur statut d’« amis de la Chine » pour alimenter leur réseau local et se réapproprient ou élaborent des projets pour leur propre compte grâce à leur position. De par ce fonctionnement dans les interstices du soft power chinois, ces « facilitateurs » profitent, selon nous, du manque étonnant de suivi du gouvernement chinois dans le domaine de sa diplomatie culturelle.
The dissemination of Chinese martial arts in Africa has been an active part of Beijing’s cultural diplomacy in Africa. Intermediaries participate in this dissemination, particularly in Cameroon and Gabon. This article presents the new, scarcely studied role of these actors, between informal diplomacy and personal interests. Living locally or abroad, they use their “friends of China” status to grow their local network and reclaim or develop their own projects thanks to their position. As this phenomenon takes place on the margins of China’s soft power, these “facilitators” may take advantage of the astonishing lack of follow-up by the Chinese government in the field of its cultural diplomacy.
Pekín ha utilizado la difusión de las artes marciales chinas en África en el marco de la implementación de su diplomacia cultural en el continente africano. En esta difusión participan intermediarios, particularmente, en Camerún y Gabón. Este artículo presenta el rol, nuevo y poco estudiado, de tales actores, entre diplomacia informal e intereses personales. Ya sea residiendo localmente o en el extranjero, utilizan su estatus de “amigos de China” para alimentar su red de contactos local y recuperan o elaboran proyectos por cuenta propia gracias a su posición. Debido a este funcionamiento en los intersticios del poder blando chino, estos “facilitadores” gozan, según nuestro punto de vista, de una sorprendente ausencia de control del gobierno chino en la esfera de su diplomacia cultural.
A partir da assinatura do Tratado da Antártica em 1983, a China se empenhou em estabelecer e intensificar sua atuação na região polar. Um dos maiores investimentos econômicos realizados consistem no ...Programa Científico Antártico Chinês, que tem se desenvolvido amplamente desde sua fundação. A atuação chinesa na Antártica, porém, pode ser entendida como um eficaz mecanismo de projeção de poder. A partir do conceito de soft power de Joseph Nye e de smart power de Wilson, o presente artigo irá analisar o processo de evolução da China na Antártica, desde a criação do tratado até os dias atuais de forma a entender como seu programa científico atua como instrumento de poder.
Esse artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise da indústria cultural sul-coreana, considerando o desenvolvimento histórico do país e da Hallyu, destacando marcos de maior relevância na estratégia ...político-econômica e abarcando todo o período de pós-independência até sua atualidade. Para isso, será utilizado como base as ideias de Joseph Nye sobre soft power; fazendo-se um estudo sobre o modo em que as manifestações da cultura sul-coreana foram institucionalizadas e transformadas em poderio político, tirando o Estado da crise pós-guerra. Desta forma, o artigo visa compreender o processo de criação da imagem da Coreia do Sul no âmbito internacional. Para tanto, ficará perceptível que o uso do soft power contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de sua política externa, acarretando em um aumento na economia, turismo, visibilidade e influência do país.
Abstract
Soft power is a perennial buzzword in policy discussions, but its popularity has not translated into scholarly or policy impact. In this policy article, I argue that this is because many ...references to soft power are vague and undefined, referring to any use of culture or ideology in a state's foreign policy and leaving unclear soft power's relationship with hard power. Drawing on recent scholarly work on nonmaterial sources of power, I address this issue by arguing that soft power is one among several forms of cultural–symbolic instruments of power that can either complement or substitute for material resources. I also provide a typology to categorize these forms, according to whether they involve direct or diffuse relations, and whether they are intended to integrate or fragment international collective action. This approach can provide more specific language to both analyze and advocate for alternatives to military and economic tools in statecraft. I demonstrate its utility with illustrative case studies on Saudi and Russian foreign policy. This article can contribute to policy debates by allowing for more clarity in discussions on soft power and related forms of power. It can also contribute to scholarship in this area by helping to better connect it to policy discussions.
Samosir and Wee examine how the immensely popular Korean Wave (""K-wave"") also known as Hallyu is wielded as soft power through the use of communication for persuasion and attraction on the global ...stage. The Korean Wave refers to the global spread and popularity of South Korean culture, particularly its pop music (""K-pop""), serialised dramas (""K-dramas"") and films (""K-films""). Given the South Korean government’s involvement in providing funding and publicity, the Korean Wave raises interesting sociolinguistic questions about the relationship between artistry and citizenship, the use of social media in facilitating the consumption of cultural products, and, ultimately, the nature of soft power itself. Studies of soft power have tended to come from the field of international relations. This book shows that sociolinguistics actually has a number of tools in its conceptual arsenal – such as indexicality, stance taking, affect, and styling – that can shed light on the Korean Wave as a form of soft power. As the first book-length sociolinguistic analysis of the Korean Wave and soft power, this book demonstrates how K-pop, K-dramas, and K-films have been able to encourage in consumers an anthropological stance towards all things Korean. This volume will be of particular interest to students and scholars in sociolinguistics, political science, cultural studies, and Korean studies.
With the rapidly growing attention to human-robot interfaces, soft robotics has attracted a great deal of interest. Soft robots have diverse advantages, including compliancy and safety, which ...contribute to seamless interactions with humans. To boost progress in the field, there is a need for compliant materials. Hydrogels are promising as compliant materials for soft robots because of their outstanding features, including high stretchability, transparency, ion conductivity, and biocompatibility. Furthermore, hydrogels provide innovative capabilities for soft robotics based on their unique responsiveness to stimuli. In this review, we discuss the unique features of hydrogel-based soft robots, from their fundamental working mechanisms to notable applications. Finally, we suggest perspectives on future directions that addressing potential challenges in the field of hydrogel soft robotics.
Display omitted
•Unique features of hydrogel-based soft robots are reviewed from their fundamental working mechanisms to notable applications.•Covering all components of hydrogel-based soft robots including actuators, sensors, communicators, power sources, and computation circuits.•Suggesting perspectives on future directions for addressing potential challenges in the field of hydrogel soft robotics.
A pesquisa relaciona o exercício de soft power à indústria de jogos eletrônicos desde a seguinte pergunta-problema: como a venda dos videogames da Nintendo está relacionada ao modelo Cool Japan de ...política externa? O objetivo geral é analisar o exercício de política externa japonês no período de 2004 a 2011; tem como objetivos específicos: (i) contextualizar o modelo Cool Japan, (ii) verificar o crescimento e importância da indústria dos videogames no Japão e (iii) avaliar a participação da Nintendo no soft power do Japão. Como um estudo de caso, explora um modelo de política externa que faz uso do soft power para promoção dos interesses do Estado e de atores privados. Com os dados das vendas de consoles e a contextualização do modelo Cool Japan observa-se uma relação win-win, pois permite maior inserção japonesa na política internacional e a aceitação dos seus produtos no mercado mundial de jogos eletrônicos.
PDF
