The article studies the dynamics of fiscal consolidation and public sector reforms in Italy and Spain under the EU governance that took shape as a reaction to the Eurozone crisis. We show how three ...types of EU pressure - fiscal and economic coordination rules, conditionality, and back-room diplomacy have operated in conjunction. We also show that Italy was more willing than Spain to resist EU pressure. Based on a Two-Level Game framework, we argue that this can be explained by the greater opposition to European integration that has developed in Italy compared to Spain.
El 27 de agosto de 2019 el primer ministro británico Boris Johnson propuso a la reina la suspensión del Parlamento durante cinco semanas, duración anormalmente prolongada según la práctica de este ...Estado. Fue decretada el día siguiente. El Reino Unido se adentraba en dos meses de discusiones trascendentales, ya que la fecha de salida de la Unión Europea acordada era el 31 de octubre. Sin embargo, la Corte Suprema declaró el 24 de septiembre la nulidad de la suspensión y de la propuesta de Johnson. El poder de suspensión del Parlamento es una prerrogativa regia reconocida por el common law cuyos límites deben ser fijados por los tribunales. Para ello la Corte Suprema emplea los principios constitucionales de soberanía parlamentaria y control del Gobierno. La ausencia de una codificación de estos principios otorga a la interpretación de la historia del derecho británico un extraordinario papel.
On 27th August British Prime Minister Boris Johnson advice the queen to prorogue Parliament for five weeks, an extraordinary duration compared with the usual practice. It was ordered next day by Order in Council. The United Kingdom faced two months of crucial parliamentary debates, being the exit day of the European Union 31st October. Yet the Supreme Court held on 24th September Johnson’ advice and the Order illegal and void. Prorogation of Parliament is a royal prerogative recognised by the common law whose limits must be set by the courts of justice. The Supreme Court does so applying the constitutional principles of parliamentary sovereignty and parliamentary accountability. The lack of codification of these principles ascribes to the interpretation of the history of British law an extraordinary roll.
There are 40 regularly occurring raptor species in Croatia (diurnal raptors and owls), but only for two species (Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus and Eleonora’s Falcon F. eleonorae) long-term monitoring ...(more than 10 years) of significant parts (i.e. > 80%) of their national population has been implemented. For 23 species (58%), the coverage of monitoring is limited to several locations (often within borders of given protected area), involving small percentage of national population or/and has started recently. Therefore, they do not satisfy the main purpose of national monitoring programmes, i.e. to draw conclusions about the trend of the species’ national population and to support the decision-making process about conservation measures to be applied. Besides the Institute of Ornithology and several ornithological NGOs, which are recognized as main actors for the implementation of raptors monitoring, the State Institute for Nature Protection (SINP) is setting up a framework for the nationwide bird monitoring complying with the legal provisions of the EU Birds Directive and the Natura 2000 network. The highest priority is to improve the coordination between state institutions, scientific and non-governmental organizations involved in raptor conservation with the final aim to develop a national raptor conservation strategy that sets priority target species and standardized monitoring systems
In Finland, population monitoring for both diurnal and nocturnal raptors has been almost entirely based on fieldwork carried out by voluntary raptor ringers. Responsible organisations include the ...Finnish Museum of Natural History, with economic support for administration from the Ministry of Environment, “Metsahallitus” (former National Board of Forestry) and WWF Finland. Since the early 1970s, numbers and productivity of four endangered species, the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos, Osprey Pandion haliaetus and Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus have been monitored by country-wide Comprehensive Surveys, with the aim of checking all known nest sites of these species every year. The Gyrfalcon F. rusticolus was included in this group in the late 1990s. Data for monitoring the populations of the other raptor species have been gathered by the Raptor Grid and Raptor Questionnaire projects. The Raptor Grid project produces annual population indices, which are calculated from the data collected from 10 × 10 km study plots (n = ca. 130/year) and quite well reflect the annual population fluctuations and longterm trends of seven common species of diurnal and six species of nocturnal raptors breeding in the southern part of Finland. For the rest of the species, which are either rare all over Finland or breed mostly in the north, outside the good coverage of the distribution of Raptor Grid study plots, conclusions on population changes are based on the total numbers of occupied territories and active nests reported annually by the Raptor Questionnaires
Among 48 raptor species (birds of prey, owls, shrikes) recorded recently in Slovenia, some long-term monitoring activities are being conducted for more than half of them, mainly for conservation and ...research purposes. However, national coverage is achieved only in 15% of the species, whereas other monitoring programmes are more or less local. Two monitoring approaches are considered, the species specific approach and assemblage approach. Current ongoing monitoring programmes for raptors in Slovenia lack monitoring of breeding success, which is now confined to only a few owl species. Use of nestboxes should therefore be considered more broadly in the future for some species at least
The rising tension in the South China Sea since 2009 almost overturns the sound political and economic relations established between China and the ASEAN states since 1997. Better handling of the ...issue to ease the tension of territorial disputes in the South China Sea is thus the key to goodneighbourliness among China and ASEAN's claiming states. The ASEANChina Declaration of the Conduct of Parties (DOC) signed by China and the ASEAN countries in 2002 has not reached its purpose of promoting a peaceful, friendly and harmonious environment in the South China Sea. Instead, the past decade has witnessed numerous clashes between the sovereignty-claimants. Hence, the South China Sea has actually become a potential "battlefield" if consultations or negotiations among the parties concerned have not been effectively or well handled. This paper describes the current overlapping sovereignty claims of related parties around the South China Sea, introduces the mainstream opinions in mainland China toward this critical sovereignty issue, and discusses the evolving academic viewpoints of the Chinese scholars on the South China Sea's territorial disputes, and attempts to seek an alternative approach to handle these complicated sovereignty disputes and raises some proposals for this purpose. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Rad donosi pregled faune sova jadranskog otoka Lastova i njegovog arhipelaga, a prvi put je prikazana analiza prehrane šumske sove Strix aluco s otoka Lastova. Terenskim istraživanjem na Lastovu i ...otočiću Mrčara u srpnju 2017. godine potvrđena je pojava četiri vrste sova: ćuk Otus scops, sivi ćuk Athene noctua, mala ušara Asio otus i šumska sova, dok je ušara Bubo bubo temeljem literature nesigurna vrsta. Najčešće zabilježena vrsta sove bio je ćuk. Po prvi put je potvrđeno uspješno gniježđenje šumske sove na Lastovu. U prehrani šumske sove sisavci su prevladavali s 97% plijena brojnošću i 99% biomasom. Daleko najčešći plijen bio je šumski miš Apodemus sylvaticus, a s obzirom na biomasu i kućni štakor Rattus rattus. Utvrđeno je da su ptice samo od rubne važnosti kao plijena šumske sove na otoku, barem u ljetnom razdoblju.
McLouth Steel Products Corp. in Trenton has begun receiving some of the $15 million in financial assistance that it recently negotiated with a group of its suppliers. The $15 million, coupled with ...contract concessions by the company's more than 1,800 hourly employees, has improved McLouth's prospects for receiving a loan bailout from the state of Michigan, said Frank Sove, company vice president of finance. Fred Hoffman, financial officer for the Michigan Department of Commerce, said McLouth had indicated its desire for state assistance, and the state has a strong interest in keeping the company afloat. (excerpt)
City administrator John Connolly is thrilled that McLouth Steel Products Corp. is no longer the only topic of conversation in his Downriver community of Gibraltar. Connolly, whose city houses a ...McLouth mill that employs several hundred people, said residents feel "there's a future" for the steelmaker that almost failed. "It appears they're out of the woods." Downriver motorists passing McLouth's Gibraltar plant frequently honk their horns and raise a fist in support of the workers who took ownership of the company in May. (excerpt)
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