OBJETIVO: Perceber como o cenário da espetacularização política pode acarretar uma falência democrática e se, como e por que o Brasil passa por uma falência democrática.
MÉTODO: Para realização dessa ...pesquisa, utiliza-se o método hermenêutico-filosófico.
RELEVÂNCIA/ORIGINALIDADE: O momento excepcional de pandemia pela disseminação do vírus SARS-COV-2 refletiu diretamente nas políticas multilaterais e nacionais a serem adotadas no que tange a contenção do vírus. Por isso, é essencial observar como, se, e por que as políticas empregadas no Brasil nesse cenário podem ocasionar uma falência democrática, para assim procurar meios de impedir tal falência.
RESULTADOS: Nota-se uma falência democrática, lenta e gradual, ocorrendo no Brasil que se agrava no espetáculo banalizado da pandemia da doença COVID-19.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES TEÓRICAS/METODOLÓGICAS: Para realização dessa pesquisa, emprega-se os conceitos de espetáculo apresentados por Mário Vargas Llosa em “A Civilização do Espetáculo”, a percepção de falência democrática demonstrado por Steven Levitsky e Daniel Ziblatt em “Como as Democracias Morrem”, e se analisa o fenômeno da pandemia à luz de noções de Teoria do Estado, Direito Internacional Público, Direitos Humanos e geopolítica.
Despite its importance to literary and cultural texts of resistance, theater has been largely overlooked as a field of analysis in colonial and postcolonial studies. Acts of Authority/Acts of ...Resistance seeks to address that absence, as it uniquely views drama and performance as central to the practice of nationalism and anti-colonial resistance. Nandi Bhatia argues that Indian theater was a significant force in the struggle against oppressive colonial and postcolonial structures, as it sought to undo various schemes of political and cultural power through its engagement with subjects derived from mythology, history, and available colonial models such as Shakespeare. Bhatia's attention to local histories within a postcolonial framework places performance in a global and transcultural context. Drawing connections between art and politics, between performance and everyday experience, Bhatia shows how performance often intervened in political debates and even changed the course of politics. One of the first Western studies of Indian theater to link the aesthetics and the politics of that theater, Acts of Authority/Acts of Resistance combines in-depth archival research with close readings of dramatic texts performed at critical moments in history. Each chapter amplifies its themes against the backdrop of specific social conditions as it examines particular dramatic productions, from The Indigo Mirror to adaptations of Shakespeare plays by Indian theater companies, illustrating the role of theater in bringing nationalist, anticolonial, and gendered struggles into the public sphere.
This study investigated whether refractive correction improved accommodative function of hyperopic children while engaged in two sustained near activities.
Sustained accommodative function of 63 ...participants (aged 5-10 years) with varying levels of uncorrected hyperopia (>/= +1.00 D and < + 5.00 D spherical equivalent in the least hyperopic eye) was measured using eccentric infrared photorefraction (PowerRef 3; PlusOptix, Germany). Binocular accommodation measures were recorded while participants engaged in 2 tasks at 25 cm for 15 minutes each: an "active" task (reading small print on an Amazon Kindle), and a "passive" task (watching an animated movie on liquid crystal display LCD screen). Participants also underwent a comprehensive visual assessment, including measurement of presenting visual acuity, prism cover test, and stereoacuity. Reading speed was assessed with and without hyperopic correction. Refractive error was determined by cycloplegic retinoscopy.
Hyperopic refractive correction significantly improved accuracy of accommodative responses in both task (pairwise comparisons: t = -3.70, P = 0.001, and t = -4.93, P < 0.001 for reading and movie tasks, respectively). Accommodative microfluctuations increased with refractive correction in the reading task (F(1,61) = 25.77, P < 0.001) but decreased in the movie task (F(1,59) = 4.44, P = 0.04). Reading speed also significantly increased with refractive correction (F(1,48) = 66.32, P < 0.001).
Correcting low-moderate levels of hyperopia has a positive impact on accommodative performance during sustained near activity in some schoolchildren. For these children, prescribing hyperopic correction may benefit performance in near vision tasks.
Spectacle, once a key term for critical theories, has had limited theoretical development in recent decades. To make sure the concept remains relevant today, this paper turns to actor-network theory ...(ANT) and assemblage theories to reconceptualize what the spectacle is and how it operates today. Working with a case study of a controversial urban spectacle in southern Chile – a new shopping mall, the “Mall Paseo Chiloé” – this paper explores a set of findings that illustrate what these approaches have to offer. First, in viewing the spectacle as a hybrid entity, we uncover vital forces inside what might at first appear to be irrelevant features of the building's architectural design. At the same time, this approach includes the forces of ambivalent desire and fluidity that reveal the dynamics of resistance inside that same design. As such, this paper focuses on a specific aspect of this building that makes it a unique form of counter-spectacle.
La forme spectacle Bouhaïk-Gironès, Marie; Carnevali, Barbara; Cheyronnaud, Jacques ...
2018
Book
Ce volume délimite les périmètres qu’épousent les formes spectaculaires en explorant les frontières de ce qui fait spectacle. Il les décrit et détaille les régimes qui leur donnent vie en brossant ...l’histoire des communautés spectaculaires qui, dans la durée, « font et refont leurs états mentaux », pour parler comme Durkheim. Inscrites dans le continuum des pratiques sociales et dans l’histoire, ces formes ne se regroupent pas en idéaux-types aisément identifiables. La description s’attache ainsi aux situations et dispositifs borderline qui ne rentrent pas strictement dans les définitions ordinaires de cette forme. D’où une attention particulière portée aux expositions industrielles, aux interactions urbaines ordinaires ; à la messe télévisée ou à l’opéra hors les murs, ou encore aux opérations conduisant à renouveler ou à déplacer la forme spectacle - la prédation, les iconoclasties médiatiques. Est également interrogée la parenté des formes spectaculaires contemporaines avec les rituels républicains, avec les dispositifs anciens ou extra-européens auxquels nous accolons rétrospectivement l’étiquette « spectacle ». Articulé en trois parties, l’ouvrage explore, grâce à la contribution d’anthropologues, d’historiens et de sociologues, les régimes de spectacle en leurs diversités tout en questionnant leurs fondements. Il met ensuite en lumière leurs formes critiques pour proposer enfin une anthropologie des dispositifs spectaculaires numériques.
Following the pathways of imperial commerce, blackface minstrel
troupes began to cross the globe in the mid-nineteenth century,
popularizing American racial ideologies as they traveled from
Britain ...to its colonies in the Pacific, Asia, and Oceania, finally
landing in South Africa during the 1860s and 1870s. The first
popular culture export of the United States, minstrel shows
frequently portrayed black characters as noncitizens who were unfit
for democratic participation and contributed to the construction of
a global color line. Chinua Thelwell brings blackface minstrelsy
and performance culture into the discussion of apartheid's
nineteenth-century origins and afterlife, employing a broad archive
of South African newspapers and magazines, memoirs, minstrel songs
and sketches, diaries, and interview transcripts. Exporting Jim
Crow highlights blackface minstrelsy's cultural and social
impact as it became a dominant form of entertainment, moving from
its initial appearances on music hall stages to its troubling
twentieth-century resurgence on movie screens and at public events.
This carefully researched and highly original study demonstrates
that the performance of race in South Africa was inherently
political, contributing to racism and shoring up white racial
identity.
In this era, celebrities are shaped and disseminated by the media. Media generates celebrities. When someone become the most popular person in the news then he/she would instantly become a celebrity. ...One of the figures that always make an interesting spectacle is Jokowi. As a presidential candidate of PDI Perjuangan, Jokowi have all aspects to be an interesting spectacle because of his construction of self-image that is different from the self-image of other president in Indonesia. As a media darling, Jokowi makes a Jokowi Spectacle. It becomes much more interesting when Jokowi Spectacle is compared with its successor, Obama Spectacle.
Whereas modern criticism has emphasized the unity and sense of permanence in The Canterbury Tales, John Ganim alerts us to a dialectically opposing dimension that Chaucer's poetics shares with the ...popular culture of the late Middle Ages: his celebration of the ephemeral and his sense of performance. Ganim uses the concept of theatricality to illuminate Chaucer's manipulations of the forms of popular culture and high literary discourse. He calls upon recent work in semiotics and social history to question Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of the "carnivalesque" and the "dialogic," at the same time suggesting Bakhtin's usefulness in understanding Chaucer.
This book includes chapters on how Chaucer adopts the voice of such popular literary forms as chronicles and pious collections, on his equivalence between his own image making and dramatic performance, and on Chaucer's and Boccaccio's handling of the related issues of popular understanding and the creation of illusions. The book concludes by describing how Chaucer conflates "noise" and popular expression, simultaneously appropriating and distancing himself from his richest cultural context.
Originally published in 1990.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Chile’s public conservation estate has expanded by unprecedented margins in recent years, following the creation of several mega projects. One such project is the Route of Parks of Chilean Patagonia, ...a public–private partnership to protect nearly 30 million acres of land across 18 national parks at the bottom of the South American continent. The partnership, over two decades in the making, was proposed by the U.S-based philanthropic foundation Tompkins Conservation but rejected by previous presidential administrations before finally being accepted in 2017. This article traces the role of two complementary forces behind the project – big philanthropy and big conservation – showing how both shaped the state’s eventual decision to take historic action for environmental protection. I argue that resource spectacle is key to understanding the ‘how’ and ‘why now’ of this mega project. Whereas traditional resource spectacles are conjured to court buy-in from private actors for extractive projects, a conservation resource spectacle is conjured in this case to court buy-in from the state for a large-scale national parks project. Big philanthropy emphasizes the spectacular investability of national parks by selling them as “a cold, hard asset,” akin to Chile’s other natural resources. It does this by rendering the value of protected nature legible and consumable through the same resource-making techniques that define extractivism. Yet, these resource-making techniques when applied to environmental protection not only establish perverse incentives for action, they also help fuel the convergence of conservation and extraction.
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