The purpose of this study was to investigate the COVID-19 and the challenges facing the club industry in developing countries. In this qualitative-analytical study, 17 sports experts, sports club ...managers, and sports entrepreneurs were interviewed based on purposive and triangular sampling methods. The data analysis was also performed by open and axial coding, of which 6 concepts and 42 categories were classified under 6 general themes. The main concepts include government support, financial issues, club activity, sponsorship, mental consequences, and social media. This study highlights the role of sports entrepreneurship in overcoming problems. Managers must use the ability of entrepreneurship because entrepreneurship is considered essential in the economy and provides the impetus for economic growth. Sports entrepreneurship can overcome the coronavirus crisis and solve the problems that have arisen.
Bullying is a global issue that, beyond school, is present in different social contexts, such as sport environments. The main objective of this study was to get to know the experiences of victims of ...bullying in sport throughout their youth sport training. Semi-structured interviews to four Spanish women and seven Spanish men were carried out, within an age range of 17-27 (
= 21 years,
= 3.69). The following main themes were established by means of a hierarchical content analysis: (a) "bullying characterization," (b) "dealing with bullying," and (c) "consequences of bullying." The results show the presence of physical, verbal and social bullying in the sport context, with the changing room being the space where this type of behavior is most frequently developed. Most victims show an internal attribution (self-blame) for the bullying event, related to their motor skills and their personal physical and psychological characteristics. Double victimization can be observed, at the sport club and at the educational center. Passive strategies are used to deal with the situation, while little support is shown by sport agents (teammates and coaches). The victims, as a consequence of the bullying experience, suffer from short and long-term negative effects on a psychosocial level. The study highlights the necessity to design and implement programs focused on the prevention, detection and intervention of bullying for sport organizations, bearing in mind all the agents that make them up (coaches, management teams, families, and players). Furthermore, the importance of promoting the creation of safe sport environments, free from any kind of violence, is emphasized.
•Reflection on existing research from individual, institutional, multi-level, and policy perspectives.•Volunteerism has been widely studied from an individual perspective.•From an institutional ...perspective, other dimensions of volunteer management than recruitment of volunteers and performance management should be examined.•Future research should consider the multi-level and policy perspectives.•Future studies should focus more on different groups of volunteers (coaches, referees).
This article reflects on existing research examining volunteerism and volunteer management in sport from individual, institutional, multi-level, and policy perspectives. The overview reveals that a substantial body of knowledge has been generated, particularly on the individual perspective and, to a lesser extent, on the institutional perspective. Existing studies from the individual perspective have mainly examined antecedents and experiences of volunteers in sport organizations and at sport events, focusing on topics such as motivation, commitment, and satisfaction, while consequences of volunteerism have attracted less research. On the institutional perspective, research efforts have focused on topics such as recruitment and retention of volunteers and performance management. Studies taking a multi-level perspective give indications about how the institutional or community context affects volunteerism and volunteer management. From a policy perspective, research has mainly looked at challenges for volunteerism resulting from policy implementation and the monetary value of voluntary work. The overview also reveals that many studies have examined the mass of volunteers in general or volunteers in leading positions, while other groups of volunteers, such as voluntary coaches and referees, have attracted less research. After reflecting on topics examined and key findings, the article provides suggestions for future research within each perspective, ensuring that all perspectives and groups of volunteers are attended to.
This study assessed the following among elite athletes and their coaches in Sweden: (i) prevalence of gambling and 'at risk for gambling problems' (PGSI 3+); and (ii) relations between 'at risk for ...gambling problems' and attitudes towards gambling, experiences of gambling, and individual and demographic factors. A total of 1438 athletes and 401 coaches, in four sports, completed an online survey. Overall, 2% of female athletes and 13% of male athletes were classified as being 'at risk for gambling problems'. Using an ordinal logistic regression, the results showed associations between 'at risk for gambling problems' and eight of the investigated variables: 'talk about gambling during training', 'coaches positive attitude towards gambling', 'gambling companies encourage gambling', 'I have gambled on own game', 'someone I know has gambled on their own game', 'gambling is important in the family', 'someone in my acquaintance have/had a gambling problem', 'alcohol consumption' among the athletes. Coaches of men's teams had a higher prevalence (7%) than did coaches of women's teams (3%). The findings suggest that the sports clubs should have greater knowledge about gambling problems as well as a communication strategy of their acquired knowledge to their athletes and coaches.
The aim of training Comprehensive Community Sport Club (CCSC) managers, which was specifically emphasized in the policy for fostering CCSCs, was to develop their abilities without examining their ...duties and behaviors. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify CCSC managers’ behaviors and their determinants in relation to the characteristics of community sports clubs in Japan. A questionnaire survey was completed by 328 club managers. The structure of management behaviors and relationship between them and basic attributes, sports and community life experiences, and community awareness were analyzed. Nine clusters of management behaviors emerged from the results. Furthermore, sport experience and community awareness had different effects on the nine behaviors. While sport-related experiences influenced general management behaviors, community awareness affected relationship building with the organization, which many clubs experience as challenging. These results indicate that CCSC management and club managers' behaviors reveal the characteristics of both sport and community organizations. Furthermore, the problem-solving that many clubs encounter may be not facilitated through manager training that is separated from the regional community. Club management should not ignore awareness that is fostered in daily life.
The aim of training Comprehensive Community Sport Club (CCSC) managers, which was specifically emphasized in the policy for fostering CCSCs, was to develop their abilities without examining their ...duties and behaviors. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify CCSC managers’ behaviors and their determinants in relation to the characteristics of community sports clubs in Japan. A questionnaire survey was completed by 328 club managers. The structure of management behaviors and relationship between them and basic attributes, sports and community life experiences, and community awareness were analyzed. Nine clusters of management behaviors emerged from the results. Furthermore, sport experience and community awareness had different effects on the nine behaviors. While sport-related experiences influenced general management behaviors, community awareness affected relationship building with the organization, which many clubs experience as challenging. These results indicate that CCSC management and club managers’ behaviors reveal the characteristics of both sport and community organizations. Furthermore, the problem-solving that many clubs encounter may be not facilitated through manager training that is separated from the regional community. Club management should not ignore awareness that is fostered in daily life.
Applying a broad interpretation of education, this paper investigates how one Sámi (the Indigenous people of Northern Norway) sports club teaches traditional lingual knowledge to its youth members. ...Using Wittgenstein's language philosophy and Mead's understanding of figurative cultures as theoretical frameworks, and qualitative methods, two relatively contradictory sets of findings were revealed. First, the content of the education focusing on the accuracy and functionality of Sámi words for elements of nature based on traditional Sámi knowledge; second, the education takes modern forms. Sport club is a modern concept, as is friluftsliv - the Norwegian/Scandinavian way of nature life often aiming at recreation and experience of nature aesthetics-which is apparently challenging the traditional Sámi nature life aiming at purposefulness in every aspect. The paper also shows the dispute and actuality surrounding the Sámi accuracy of words for nature elements.
The recruitment and retention of voluntary referees is challenging for nonprofit sport organizations. This study examines the trickle-down effect of role models on the retention of already active ...referees and the recruitment of new referees in German football (soccer). Secondary panel data on the number of referees and role models (i.e., referees promoted to the status of a Bundesliga or FIFA referee) were collected for the 21 regional football associations. The regression results show that the presence of role models has a statistically significant and positive effect on the number of existing referees. The number of new referees is positively affected by referees who were promoted to the status of a first Bundesliga referee, but not by those promoted to the status of a FIFA referee. The findings suggest that nonprofit sport organizations should capitalize on the effect of role models to a greater extent. Le recrutement et la fidélisation des arbitres bénévoles est difficile pour les organisations sportives à but non lucratif. Cette étude examine l'effet de retombée des exemples à suivre en matière de fidélisation des arbitres déjà actifs et le recrutement de nouveaux arbitres dans le football allemand. Les données d'un panel secondaires sur le nombre d'arbitres et d'exemples (les arbitres promus au statut d'arbitre de Bundesliga ou de la FIFA) ont été collectées pour 21 associations régionales de football. Les résultats de la régression montrent que la présence de modèles a un effet statistiquement significatif et positif sur le nombre d'arbitres existants. Le nombre de nouveaux arbitres est influencé positivement par les arbitres qui ont été promus au statut d'arbitre de Bundesliga, mais pas par ceux qui sont promus au statut d'arbitre FIFA. Les résultats démontrent que les organisations sportives à but non lucratif devraient tirer profit de l'effet des modèles dans une plus large mesure. Die Gewinnung und Bindung von ehrenamtlichen Schiedsrichtern stellt für Non-Profit-Organisationen im Sport eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Diese Studie untersucht den Trickle-Down-Effekt von Vorbildern auf die Bindung bereits aktiver Schiedsrichter und die Anwerbung neuer Schiedsrichter im deutschen Fußball. Es wurden sekundäre Paneldaten zur Anzahl der Schiedsrichter und Vorbilder (d. h. Schiedsrichter, die in den Status eines Bundesliga- oder FIFA-Schiedsrichters befördert wurden) der 21 regionalen Fußball vereine gesammelt. Die Regressionsergebnisse machen deutlich, dass das Vorhandensein von Vorbildern einen statistisch signifikanten und positiven Effekt auf die Anzahl der vorhandenen Schiedsrichter hat. Schiedsrichter, die in den Status eines 1. Bundesliga-Schiedsrichters befördert wurden, wirkten sich positiv auf die Zahl neuer Schiedsrichter aus; nicht jedoch die Schiedsrichter, die zu FIFA-Schiedsrichtern befördert wurden. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Non-Profit-Organisationen vermehrt auf den Effekt von Vorbildern bauen sollten. El reclutamiento y retención de árbitros voluntarios es un desafío para las organizaciones deportivas sin ánimo de lucro. El presente estudio examina el efecto goteo de modelos de rol en la retención de árbitros ya activos y el reclutamiento de nuevos árbitros en el fútbol alemán. Se recopilan datos secundarios de panel sobre el número de arbitros y modelos de rol (es decir, árbitros promovidos al estatus de un árbitro de la FIFA o de la Bundesliga) para las 21 asociaciones regionales de fútbol. Los resultados de regresión muestran que la presencia de modelos de rol tiene estadísticamente efecto positivo y significativo sobre el número de arbitros existentes. El número de nuevos arbitros se ve afectado de manera positiva por los árbitros que fueron promovidos al estatus de árbitro de la primera Bundesliga, pero no por aquellos promovidos al estatus de arbitro de la FIFA. Los hallazgos sugieren que las organizaciones deportivas sin ánimo de lucro deben capitalizar el efecto de los modelos de rol en mayor medida.
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