Cilj rada je doprinijeti razvoju empirijske teorije javnih politika u pitanjima kvalitete dizajna javnih politika. Rad je fokusiran na ciljeve javnih politika koji su središnja sastavnica dizajna ...svakog resora. Analitički okvir utemeljen je na razlikovanju sedam tehničkih tipova ciljeva javnih politika: opći ciljevi, ciljevi usmjereni na način ostvarenja, na odgovornog aktera, na korisnika, konkretno usmjereni ciljevi, polu-strukturirani te strukturirani ciljevi. Prikupljanje i analiza podataka vođeni su pravilima kvalitativne analize sadržaja, a ciljevi se istražuju na temelju 11 strateških dokumenata hrvatske vlasti. U istraživanim politikama dominiraju ciljevi s općenitim svrhama, te manjim brojem strukturnih elemenata što pokazuje nižu razinu operacionalizacije ciljeva, lošiju kvalitetu pripreme za provedbu i povezivanje s instrumentima odnosno manju učinkovitost dizajna hrvatskih javnih politika. Skupine analiziranih politika se razlikuju te su strategije namijenjene ciljanim skupinama bolje operacionalizirane nego one temeljnih područja i specifičnih društvenih problema. Analiza tehničkih tipova ciljeva pokazuje kako su omjeri među učestalosti njihova pojavljivanja dobar indikator ukupne učinkovitosti dizajna javnih politika.
The goal of the paper is to contribute to the development of the empirical theory of public policies in matters of the quality of public policy design. The paper is focused on the goals of public policies which are the central component of the design of each policy area. The analytical framework is based on the distinction of seven technical types of public policy goals: general goals, goals focused on the way of realization, on the responsible actor, on the user, concretely focused goals, semi-structured and structured goals. The collection and analysis of data are guided by the rules of qualitative content analysis, and the objectives are investigated using 11 strategic documents of the Croatian government. In the examined policies, goals with general purposes dominate, as well as those with a smaller number of structural elements, which shows a lower level of operationalization of goals, poorer quality of preparation for implementation and connection with instruments, and a lower effectiveness of the design of Croatian public policies. The groups of analyzed policies differ, and the strategies intended for the target groups are better operationalized than those of the fundamental areas and specific social problems. The analysis of technical types of goals shows that the ratios between the frequency of their occurrence are a good indicator of the overall efficiency of public policy design.
SOCIAL INNOVATION AS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES EU member states are undergoing the process of economic and demographic transformation with significant influence on ...society and economy. In order to respond to the existing and future challenges, it is necessary to adapt development strategies and policies, as well as to focus on concepts such as innovation, social change, equality and sustainable development. In the new development strategy, EU will focus on creating a society that will function as a competitive, secure and energy-efficient system. Scientists, economic policy makers, nongovernmental organisations and entrepreneurs are showing an increasing interest in the field of social innovation, striving to address a series of contemporary challenges. The aim of this paper is to study the role and ways of fostering social innovations in the European Union. The contribution of this paper is reflected in the systematic review of the importance of social innovation and the measures used to foster them, while pointing out the existing obstacles and needs and recommendations for further development of social innovation in the context of global challenges that the EU is facing. The results of the research indicate the growing importance of social innovation in modern EU policies that actively promote the quintuple helix approach, recognizing sustainable development and innovation as key development priorities during the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Recommendations for further development of social innovation in the EU include the need to coordinate various EU instruments in this area, encourage investment in innovative education, training and employment programs in this area, increase awareness of social innovation, encourage networking and dissemination of information and create an enabling environment for their development. Also, the paper highlights the shortcomings in the field of measuring social innovation, as well as the need to address this challenge, in order to improve the understanding of their role, but also a more efficient allocation of incentives to them. Key words: social innovation, European Union, strategic framework, development strategies.
Znanost u Republici Hrvatskoj nije adekvatno zastupljena u izgradnji obrambenih sposobnosti. Na državnoj razini ne postoje etablirane znanstvene institucije specijalizirane za područje obrane i ...sigurnosti, osim u segmentu koji obuhvaćaju društvene znanosti. Oružane snage RH u svom sastavu imaju tek inicijalne organizacijske i personalne preduvjete za sustavno uključivanje znanosti u izgradnju i modernizaciju vojnih te obrambenih sposobnosti. Takvo je stanje velikim dijelom rezultat negativnog povijesnog naslijeđa nepostojećeg ili limitiranog državnopravnog okvira koji nije bio u prilici razviti obranu i sigurnost kao državnu funkciju. Nedostatak je moguće nadoknaditi osloncem na najbolja međunarodna iskustva NATO-a i EU-a te uspostavom funkcionalnog nacionalnog modela trostruke spirale (triple helix) radi dostizanja potrebnih obrambenih sposobnosti suradnjom Vlade, akademske zajednice i industrije. U području modernizacije Oružanih snaga RH aktivnosti bi trebalo koncentrirati na objektivno predviđanje budućeg strateškog konteksta te na osiguravanje tome primjerenih borbenih sustava i opreme.
Science is inadequately represented in the defense capabilities development of the Republic of Croatia. There are no recognized scientific organizations at the state level that specialize in defense and security, except in the segment that includes social sciences. The Croatian Armed Forces (CAF) possess only the initial organizational and personnel prerequisites for systematic integration of science in the development and modernization of military and defense capabilities – largely due to the unfavorable historical legacy of a non-existent or limited state-law framework that failed to develop defense and security as a state function. With the cooperation of the government, academic community, and industry, this deficiency can be compensated by drawing on the best international experiences of NATO and the EU and building a viable national “triple helix” model for attaining the required defense capabilities. CAF modernization should be centered on an objective foresight of the future strategic context and the provision of appropriate combat systems and equipment.
Suvremena se medicina dijeli na preventivnu, kurativnu i palijativnu. Palijativna medicina i palijativna skrb bave se osobama koje boluju od progresivnih neizlječivih bolesti s očekivanim smrtonosnim ...ishodom i članovima njihovih obitelji. Provodi ju interdisciplinarni palijativni tim na svim razinama zdravstvene zaštite. Palijativna skrb je širi pojam od palijativne medicine, jer obuhvaća i brojne druge aktivnosti koje provode institucije vezane uz socijalnu skrb kao i organizacije civilnog društva, vjerske institucije i drugi dionici u zajednici. Iako elemente palijativnog pristupa nalazimo u ljudskoj povijesti otkad postoji liječenje, zadnjih pedesetak godina svjedoci smo naglog razvoja palijativne medicine kao posebne specijalizacije i subspecijalizacije u brojnim zemljama u svijetu. Palijativna skrb je civilizacijski iskorak i pravi primjer medicine usmjerene prema osobi. Obzirom na starenje populacije i sve veće tehnološke mogućnosti suvremene medicine, očekujemo veliko povećanje potreba za palijativnom skrbi, što zahtijeva aktivno sudjelovanje svih koji sudjeluju u kreiranju i provođenju socijalnih i zdravstvenih politika zajednice, kako na lokalnoj tako i na nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj razini. U ovom je radu prikazan povijesni razvoj i sadašnje stanje palijativne medicine u svijetu, s posebnim naglaskom na situaciju u Hrvatskoj.
Kulturna prava su jedna od temeljnih ljudskih prava, a odgovornost za kreiranje i provođenje kulturne politike, koja omogućuje njihovu realizaciju, nosi javna vlast. Istraživanje predstavljeno ovim ...radom polazi od pretpostavke da učinkovito upravljanje i osobito planiranje u području kulture moraju omogućiti povezivanje kulture s drugim aspektima društvenog i gospodarskog života, jer se na taj način potiče razvoj lokalne zajednice, što izravno utječe na jačanje nacionalne ekonomije. Zato je cilj istraživanja bio generirati znanstveni pregled utjecaja kulturnih i kreativnih industrija na gospodarstvo i društvo općenito, uz uvažavanje postojećeg pravno legislativnog okvira. Pri tome su korištene odabrane metode iz kvalitativnog metodološkog okvira. Rezultati uključuju potvrdu odgovornosti kulturne politike za realizaciju kulturnih prava, pregled regulatornih akata u kulturi, uvid u evoluciju i obuhvat kulturnih i kreativnih industrija, identifikaciju njihova potencijala te argumentiranje planiranja u kulturi kao polazne pretpostavke učinkovitog upravljanja i razvitka. Ovim radom prezentirano je originalno istraživanje, koje je dovelo do novih spoznaja te kao takvo predstavlja doprinos znanstvenom diskursu o menadžmentu kulturnih i kreativnih industrija, a svoj doprinos daje i kroz podršku profesionalnom djelovanju u smjeru ostvarenja potencijala u ovom području.
Cultural rights are one of the fundamental human rights. The responsibility for creating andimplementing cultural policy, which enables their realization, lies with the public authority. Theresearch presented in this paper starts from the assumption that effective management and especiallyplanning in the field of culture must facilitate the bond of culture with other aspects of social andeconomic life, because it encourages local community development, which directly strengthens thenational economy. Therefore, the aim of the research was to generate a scientific overview of theimpact of cultural and creative industries on the economy and society in general, while respectingthe existing legal and legislative framework. Selected methods from the qualitative methodologicalframework were used. The results include confirmation of the responsibility of cultural policy forthe realization of cultural rights, review of regulatory acts in culture, insight into the evolution andcoverage of cultural and creative industries, identification of their potential and argumentation ofcultural planning as a prerequisite for effective management and development. This paper presentsthe original research, which led to new insights and as such represents a contribution to the scientificdiscourse on the management of cultural and creative industries. It also provides contribution toprofessional action aimed to realize the potential in this area.
Strategije
urbanoga razvoja gradova Europske unije EU bitno su određene karakteristikama sustava prostornog i strateškog planiranja. Provedeno je istraživanje i komparativna analiza između razvojne ...strategije Grada Zagreba sa strateškim razvojnim dokumentima gradova Antwerpena, Bratislave i Krakowa s ciljem razumijevanja odnosa prostornog i strateškog planiranja, te odnosa prema projektima integriranoga urbanog razvoja. Pritom je utvrđena značajna sličnost između sustava planiranja u
Zagrebu, Bratislavi i Krakowu, dok se sustav strateškog planiranja u Antwerpenu u značajnoj mjeri razlikuje.
Urban development strategies in the EU are fundamentally determined by the
charateristics of physical and strategic planning. This research is based on a
comparative analysis of the development strategy for the Zagreb City and the
strategic development documents for Antwerpen, Bratislava and Krakow. It
examines the relationship between the physical and strategic planning as well
as the attitude towards the integrated urban development projects. The research
results indicate that there is a striking similarity between the planning
systems in Zagreb, Bratislava and Krakow while the strategic planning system
in Antwerpen is considerably different.
U članku su prezentirani rezultati istraživanja o sudionicima savjetovanja s javnošću (e-savjetovanja) o propisima i planskim dokumentima kojima se uređuju organizacija i obavljanje javne arhivske ...službe u Hrvatskoj. Podatci su prikupljeni metodom kvantitativne analize sadržaja pojedinačnih izvješća o provedenim savjetovanjima od 2017. do 2020. godine dostupnih na središnjem mrežnom portalu e-Savjetovanja i popratnih dokumenata. Nakon uvoda slijedi teorijski dio, u kojem je ukratko opisan normativni okvir provedbe e-savjetovanja u Hrvatskoj, arhivski propisi i planski dokument, o kojima je provedeno e-savjetovanje te metodologija istraživanja. Potom su prezentirani rezultati istraživanja te se o njima raspravlja. Prezentirani podatci o broju i strukturi sudionika (fizičke osobe, razne kategorije pravnih osoba) te broju komentara koje upućuju (ukupno i po pojedinom e-savjetovanju) interpretirani su kao važan pokazatelj zainteresiranosti društvene okoline za javnu arhivsku službu, odnosno rad državnih arhiva kojima je njezino obavljanje povjereno. S druge strane, sudjelovanje u e-savjetovanjima pojedinih strukovnih arhivističkih društava, državnih arhiva i njihovih administrativnih i stručnih djelatnika interpretirano je kao pokazatelj zainteresiranosti za jačanje normativne infrastrukture vlastite službe.
Counsellings with the public are in the Croatian context a relatively new instrument of public participation in legislating regulations and other general acts whose characteristics and effects have not been scientifically researched in practice to a greater extent. The aim of the paper is to contribute to these perceptions by the elaboration of a subject i.e. analysing the participants of e-counsellings on regulations and planning documents that concern organizing and performance of the public archival service in Croatia. The subject is suited for a complete elaboration, since in the period from 2017 to 2020 the competent Ministry of Culture (renamed in July 2020 Ministry of Culture and Media) had carried out counsellings via the central internet portal on 8 such legal acts (two laws, five ordinances and one planning document). Apart from the new ordinance on evidences that has yet to be regulated, this constitutes a comprehensive normative and planning framework of the public archival service coordinated with changes in the surroundings where public archives work. The data had been gathered by the method of quantitative analysing of the content of individual reports on conducted counsellings available on e-Counselling portal, as well as additional documents. The Data on the number and structure of participants (natural persons, various categories of corporations) and amount of comments they sent (in total and for each e-counselling) are interpreted as an important indicator of the public interest for the public archival service i.e. the work of the state archives who are intrusted with performing it. On the other hand, the participation of individual professional archival societies, state archives and their administrative and professional employees on e-counsellings is interpreted as the indicator of interest for strengthening of normative infrastructure pertaining to their own service. The total of 412 comments was sent to the analysed e-counsellings, submitted by 56 participants. Since individual procedure of e-counselling is conducted for each legal act, the same natural person or corporation can appear as a participant in several counsellings. Therefore, in the total number of 56 participants individual natural persons or corporations were counted more than once, depending on the number of e-counsellings they participated in. Further analysis established that 40 different natural persons and coorporations participated in e-counsellings. The largest number of participants, as far as 30 or 75 %, participated in just one e-counselling. Six participants took part in two counsellings (15 %), whereas three counsellings had three participants (7.5 %). Four counsellings had no participants, whereas only one person (2.5 %) took part in five of them, which is also the largest number of noted participations by the same participant. Research results further show that from the total of 40 various participants of e-councellings 30 of them are natural persons and only 10 corporations. In the process, the natural persons had 43 and the corporations 13 participations. The same number of persons from the professional archival community (administrative and professional employees in archives, state archives and professional archival associations) and persons from social environment i.e. interested public in the broad sense participated in e-counsellings. The former comprises of 21 participants and the latter has 19 of them. The biggest difference between the two groups concerns the number of participations. The professional archival community had 35, whereas other interested public 21 participations. The presented results indicate a rather low level of interest of the general public, as well as the professional archival community, for the normative infrastructure of the public archival service. This conclusion is supported by the comparison of the number of participants from both groups with other relevant data, such as the number of creators of documental and archival records under the jurisdiction of state archives i.e. the number of employees in state archives. The authorised ministry and state archives should use this as the basis for re-examination of the current approach in implementing e-counsellings i.e. encourage them to further motivate the professional community and the general public to participate in this segment of their work. The lower turnout can certainly be put into context of influences of the e-counsellings that had so far taken place, regarding the formation of the final proposals of legal acts in terms of the level of acceptance of the sent suggestions (comments). Analysis of this segment, including the content and types of comments (without arguments, with arguments, technical, professional etc.), is only pointed out in this paper as a subject that warrants separate research.
Moderno piratstvo predstavlja jednu od najvećih ugroza sigurnosti pomorske plovidbe. Posljednjih se godina njegovo žarište premjestilo iz Adenskog zaljeva u Gvinejski zaljev koji je danas ...najrizičnije plovno područje u svijetu. Po uzoru na aktivne i pasivne mjere primijenjene pri suzbijanju piratstva u Adenskom zaljevu, države regije, kao i meðunarodna zajednica, donijele su niz propisa i ugovora kojima žele ograničiti i onemogućiti daljnje piratske napade. U tome kontekstu svakako treba spomenuti relevantne rezolucije Ujedinjenih naroda – Pravilnik o postupanju Yaoundé, Afričku povelju o pomorskoj sigurnosti i razvoju u Africi, Zakon o suzbijanju piratstva i drugih pomorskih kaznenih djela Savezne Republike Nigerije te Priručnik BMP WA. Važan doprinos u borbi protiv piratstva u Gvinejskom zaljevu dali su NATO i EU kroz brojne pomorske operacije koje provode i nadziru radi podizanja stupnja pomorske sigurnosti u ovom rizičnom području. Kao nezamjenjiv partner zemalja regije Gvinejskog zaljeva istaknuo se EU koji kroz čitav niz dokumenata i operacija na moru, u kojima aktivno sudjeluje, pokušava onemogućiti daljnje piratske napade i pridonijeti postizanju željene pomorske sigurnosti u ovom dijelu svijeta te tako zaštititi zajedničke interese. U ovom radu, autorica daje pregled najvažnijih meðunarodnih dokumenata donesenih radi suzbijanja piratskih napada u Gvinejskom zaljevu, s posebnim naglaskom na ulogu EU-a.
Dinamičan razvoj tehnologije i brze promjene preferencija potrošača na suvremenom globaliziranom tržištu slabi konkurentske potencijale pojedinačnih poduzeća za konkurentsku borbu s organiziranim ...strateškim savezima razvijenog menadžmenta opskrbnih lanaca. Zahtjevi optimizacije procesa prisiljavaju samostalna poduzeća da se fokusiraju isključivo na one aktivnosti u kojima su najkonkurentnija i svoje lance vrijednosti povezuju u opskrbne lance s partnerima, od izvora sirovina do krajnjeg potrošača, kako bi zajedničkim proizvodima maksimalizirali efikasnost i efektivnost procesa i ostvarili konkurentsku prednost na tržištu. Menadžment opskrbnih lanaca postaje suvremeni koncept upravljanja uspješnošću poduzeća kroz razvoj novog modela kooperativne konkurentnosti. Budućnost koja je počela je da na tržištima sve manje konkuriraju poduzeća; konkurentsko natjecanje sve se više odvija između opskrbnih lanaca. Svrha ovog rada je ukazati na trendove i osnove razvoja koncepta menadžmenta opskrbnog lanca kao temeljnog čimbenika uspješnosti suvremenih poslovnih sustava, koji ostvaruju konkurentsku prednost na recentnim tržištima.
U radu se istražuje fenomen mixed use resorts kao savremeni oblik razvoja smještajne industrije. Cilj rada je da se ova vrsta resorta precizno definiše, predstave neki uspješni modelu u svijetu i ...sagledaju izazovi u pogledu razvojne održivosti ove vrste smještajnih objekata. Posebno se analizira prvi internacionalni projekat mixed use resorts u Crnoj Gori, poznat pod imenom Lustica Bay. Održivost na konkretnom primjeru se analizira sa aspekta Strategije održivog razvoja turizma Crne Gore i teorijskih postulata o održivosti razvoja turizma.
Razvoj turizma je praćen problemom insuficijencije finansijskih resursa za razvoj. Kreditno i kapitalsko finansiranje ima svoja stanovita ograničenja u pogledu obima kapitala i obima i cijene kreditnih sredstava. Zbog toga se pribjegava kombinaciji sa modelom prodaje nekretnina, koje bi se, u dobrom dijelu, uključile u operativno poslovanje mixed use resorts. Ta ograničenja su u Crnoj Gori, kao zemlji u tranziciji, još više izražena.
Kada se tome doda i nepostojanje potrebne infrastrukture za podršku inostranim investitorima (sposobna i efikasna administracija, fleksibilni urbanistički planovi, dobro istražene lokacije sa aspekta održivosti, kredibilne domaće razvojne kompanije-lokalni diveloperi koji bi bili pouzdan partner ino investitorima i sl), onda je jasno da se u posljednje 2-3 decenije neuporedivo brže grade vikend stanovi i kuće (second homes) nego hoteli, risorti i slićni objekti koji imaju najveći uticaj na ekonomiju i društvo.
U radu su identifikovani glavni izazovi i prijetnje takvoga razvoja, gdje se često puta, mixed use resorts zloupotrebljavaju kao ulaznica za razvoj novih naselja za prodaju, a ne novih smještajnih objekata za turističko privređivanje. Izazovi koji prate izabrani slučaj za istraživanje, ukazuju na konkretno ispoljavanje generalno identifikovanih problema i razvojnih prijetnji.
This paper examines the phenomenom of mixed use resorts as a contemporary form of development of accommodation industry. The aim is to precisly define this type of resort, to represent some succesful models in the world and to consider the challenges of sustainable development of this type of accommodation facilities. In particular, we analyze the first international project of mixed use resorts in Montenegro, known as Lustica Bay. Sustainability of a concrete example is analyzed in terms of the Stategy of sustainable tourism development of Montenegro and theoretical aspects of the sustainability of tourism development.
Tourism development is accompanied by the problem of insufficiency of financial resources for development. Credit and equity financing have their constant limitations regarding the extent of capital and cost of credit funds. Therefore, it is combined with a model of real estate sales, which, in good part, would be involved in the operational business of mixed use resorts. These restrictions are even more emphasized in Montenegro, as a country in transition.
When we add to that the lack of the necessary infrastructure to support foreign investors (capable and efficient administration, flexible urban plans, well-explored areas in terms of sustainability, credible domestic developed companies-local developers who could be reliable partner for foreign investors and so on), then it is clear that in the last 2-3 decades, weekend flats and houses (second homes) are incomparably more rapidly built than the hotels, resorts and similar objects which have the greatest impact on the economy and society.
This paper identifies the main challenges and threats of such development, where mixed use resorts are often abused as an entry ticket for the development of new resorts for sale instead of new accommodation facilities for tourism economy. The challenges of a selected case for research suggest a concrete manifestation of generally identified problems and development threats.