Particle verbs (combinations of two words but lexical units) are a notorious problem in linguistics. Is a particle verb like look up one word or two? It has its own entry in dictionaries, as if it is ...one word, but look and up can be split up in a sentence: we can say He looked the information up and He looked up the information. But why can't we say He looked up it? In English look and up can only be separated by a direct object, but in Dutch the two parts can be separated over a much longer distance. How did such hybrid verbs arise and how do they function? How can we make sense of them in modern theories of language structure? This book sets out to answer these and other questions, explaining how these verbs fit into the grammatical systems of English and Dutch.
Understanding Research Gautam, Vinayshil
Abhigyan (New Delhi),
04/2022, Letnik:
40, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Research means many things to many people. In an academic institution, it has a very special meaning where, through due established processes, one earns a doctorate degree through the quality of his ...research. This entitles him to put the alphabets PhD/D.Phil/D.Litt etc. after his name. These abbreviations have a standard meaning and are universally recognised. In certain institutions one can go through these well recognised processes and one earns the suffix of a 'fellow'. There are other details involved. The main proposition is, that certain types of research in a recognised academic institution, can earn a degree.
This study addresses generic expressions in Turkish, the nominal and verbal morphosyntactic markers involved in their derivations, and the interpretation they give rise to. It is demonstrated that ...the aorist suffix {-(V)r} is the only true verbal marker of characterizing genericity in that it always introduces GEN into the structure. The nominal predicate marker {-DIr} is shown to be compatible with a characterizing reading if an individual-level predicate is present, but never encodes a generic reading on its own because it is not a GENintroducer. The analysis is demonstrated to account for a number of facts about Turkish generics built on verbal as well as nominal predicates. Overall, in contrast to the argument that all generic expressions are bipartite structures involving reference to kinds, the analysis proposed in this study supports the proposal that statements of characterizing genericity are tripartite structures involving a generic operator.
This notice discusses adjective stress doublets formed with the suffix -ив, which has evolved into two distinct variants: one with the suffix -лѝв and one with the suffix -чѝв.
•It is harder to reject complex than simple pseudowords in a lexical decision task.•Morphological processing explains differences between complex and simple pseudowords.•Rejection of low ...interpretable pseudowords does not require semantic processing.•Children process derivational suffixes in reading pseudowords.•Similar results are observed for children and adults processing simple and suffixed pseudowords.
Previous evidence has shown that pseudowords made up of real morphemes take more time to process and generate more errors than pseudowords without morphemes in a lexical decision task. The explanation for these results is controversial because two possible arguments may be posited; the first is related to the morphological composition of the stimuli, and the second is related to the larger semantic interpretability of pseudowords with morphemes in comparison with pseudowords without morphemes (a semantic-based explanation). To disentangle this issue, we conducted an experiment with 92 children and 42 adults. For this purpose, a lexical decision task was implemented, controlling for semantic interpretability while manipulating the morphological status of pseudowords. The results show that the morphological composition of pseudowords generates larger latencies and more errors than pseudowords without morphemes, thereby corroborating that morphemes are activated during pseudoword processing even in the case of young readers.
In den spanischen Zentralpyrenäen treffen zwei keltische Ortsnamenschichten aufeinander, solche Ortsnamen (ON), die auf -iés beruhen, und solche, die aus gall. ‚dunum' hervorgegangen sind: Dabei ...fällt auf, dass ‚dunum'-Namen häufig in (direkter) Nähe zu iés-Namen situiert sind. Ist diese Nähe dem Zufall geschuldet? Oder steht dahinter ein Prinzip? Welche Schlussfolgerungen ergeben sich hieraus für die ‚Celtica' nördlich und südlich der Pyrenäen?
The Semantics of German Verb Prefixes is the most comprehensive study ever undertaken in this area of German grammar. Using an extensive collection of naturally occurring data, the author proposes an ...image-schematic interpretation for each of the productive prefixes be-, ver-, er-, ent-, zer-, um-, über-, unter-, and durch-. These abstract semantic patterns underlie a remarkable range of particular meanings, and they consistently account for subtle contrasts between prefixed verbs and alternative constructions such as simple verbs, particle verbs, and verbs with other prefixes. Furthermore, the author develops a schematic meaning for the prefixed verb construction itself. This grammatical meaning reflects the interpreter's perspective and attentional focus as the objective event is imagined to unfold. Underlying all of these proposals is a novel conception of meaning as a dynamic and flexible process with a constantly active role for the interpreter. This volume will be of great value to cognitive linguists as well as scholars and students of German who want to gain insights into a central and puzzling part of the morphosyntax and semantics of the German language.
Recibido: 13/01/2010 Aceptado: 21/04/2010 Riassunto Nell'articolo, basato su dati provenienti dal corpus elettronico Repubblica, si cerca di dimostrare, per gli aggettivi derivati in -bile, ...l'esistenza di un rapporto inverso tra frequenza e uso dell'argomento esterno (SP introdotto dalla preposizione da (parte di)) nonché quella di un effetto inibitore su tale uso del prefisso negativo in-. The external argument of adjectives with the suffix -abile/-ibile Abstract Based on data from a 380 million word corpus, this paper is concerned with the compatibility of Italian adjectives ending in -bile with PPs headed by one of the prepositions taken to be canonical for the external argument of passive constructions, i.e. da and da parte di. Per valutare le ipotesi delineate ho registrato, nel corpus Repubblica, che comprende circa 380 milioni di parole (ossia un numero cinque volte maggiore di quello utilizzato da Ricca (2004), cfr. sezione 2), dati per due serie complete di aggettivi attinti dal Dizionario della lingua italiana (De Mauro 2000): primo, tutti gli aggettivi derivati con suffisso -bile inizianti con a-, b- e c, secondo, tutti gli aggettivi inizianti con uno dei nessi imb-, ina- e inc- (eccezion fatta per quelli che non hanno significato negativo, in tutto una decina di aggettivi come incamerabile e incriminabile, formati sulla base di verbi parasintetici). Come puntualizzato da Kjellmer (1986: 13), sembra infatti esserci una «direct relationship between the number of different meanings of a word and its relative frequency of occurrences».
This series consists of collected volumes and monographs about specific issues dealing with interfaces among the subcomponents of linguistic structure: phonology-morphology, phonology-syntax, ...syntax-semantics, syntax-morphology, and syntax-lexicon. Recent linguistic research has recognized that the subcomponents of grammar interact in non-trivial ways. What is currently under debate is the actual range of such interactions and their most appropriate representation in grammar, and this is precisely the focus of this series. Specifically, it provides a general overview of various topics by examining them through the interaction of grammatical components. The books function as a state-of- the-art report of research.
