In Argument structure in Kashmiri Saartje Verbeke studies the patterns of grammatical relations in the Indo-Aryan language Kashmiri, including case marking and verb agreement, from a typological ...point of view.
Studies in conversation analysis (CA) have shown that in assessments, various linguistic resources are used to express epistemic stance in ordinary conversation. In Korean conversation, although the ...evidential and non-evidential functions of sentence-ending (SE) suffixes are well recognized, little research has been done on their relation to epistemic stance and their use in assessments. In this study, using naturally-occurring conversation data and the CA framework, I analyze 59 cases of a speaker’s first assessment regarding his/her interlocutor and 49 responses to these first assessments (second assessments). I argue that in Korean assessment pairs, the evidential and non-evidential SE suffixes are used as a resource for expressing epistemic stance. The results show that 74.4% of the first assessments were marked with an evidential SE suffix whereas 71.4% of the second assessments were marked with a non-evidential SE suffix. Furthermore, certain evidential SE suffixes are used as a resource to convey a downgraded epistemic stance in first assessments whereas certain non-evidential SE suffixes are used to express epistemic primacy in second assessments.
İnsanlar en eski zamanlardan beri işlerini yapmak için alet ve eşya kullanmasına ihtiyacı vardı. Çünkü yaşamanın bütün alanlarında işini kolaylaştırıp yardımcı olmasıdır. Bu nedenle aletler ...insanoğlunun hayatında çok önemli bir yeri vardır. Türkler göçebe ve savaşçı bir kavim oldukları için alet ve eşya kullanmasıyla çok zengin bir söz varlığa sahip olmuştur. Irak’ın kuzeyinde yerleşen Oğuz boylarından olan Irak Türkmenlerin uygarlığı, Türk kültürünün bir uzantısı olarak bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla Irak Türkmenlerin dili bu açıdan da çok zengin bir söz varlığa sahiptir ve konuştukları dil farklı lehçelerden oluşmaktadır. Dakuk ağzı Irak Türkmenlerin lehçelerinden birisidir ve çok eski bir tarihe sahip olan bu ilçe, bölgenin tarihini, geleneklerini ve kültürünü dünyaya tanıtmak istedik. Dakuk (Tavuğ) bölgesi Kerkük'ün güneyine düşen bir ilçe olarak tarım ve hayvancılığa dayalı üretimi ile büyük şöhrete sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Köy halkı evlerindeki 50-60 yıl önce tarım, ev ve iş eşyalarını yapmak için kullanılan aletlerinin adlarını ele aldık. Bu araştırma ilçenin tanıtımına önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır.
Çalışmamızda, halk arasında adı geçen yerlice kullanılan alet adlarını yaşlı insanlarla görüşüp defalarca onları dinleyerek fonetik bakımdan telaffuz ettikleri kelimeleri olduğu gibi tespit ettik. Sonra kelimelerin kökünü saptadık , ad veya fiil olduklarını gösterdik. Kelimede görülen ses değişme, düşmeleri ve ses türemelerini belirtik. Daha sonra bu köklere eklenen yapım ekleri inceledik. Karşılıklı olarak ele alınan alet adlarının tanımını yaptıktan sonra Türkçesini de verdik. Dakuk'ta geçen bu adları orada nasıl söyleniyorsa olduğu gibi yazdık. Sonuçta bu kelimeleri inceleyerek yapı bakımından türemiş kelimler olarak tespit ettik ve fonetik bakımından çok ses değişikliklerine uğramıştır. Böylece Dakuk ağzı Türkiye Türkçesinin şekil özelliklerinin ve Azeri Türkçesinin ses özelliklerinin izlerini taşıyıp ortak bir ağız olarak tespit edilmiştir.
A conspicuous lexical change in language that can currently be observed concerns the use of adjectives, which has been increasing at an ever increasing rate over the last twenty years, which, with ...the help of the suffix -technisch, which is quite productive today, were mainly derived from nouns and less from verbs, rarely from adjectives, and which continue to be derived continuously up to the present day as neologisms.
Zusammenfassung
In the PIE heteroclitic neuter noun *u̯ód-r̥, gen. **u̯éd-n̥-s ‚water‘, the Germanic languages eliminated the alternation in favour of either r- or n-stem variants (cp. OHG waz(z)ar ...vs. Goth. wato). Little attention has been paid to a doublet in West Norse that resulted from a paradigm split. Instead of regular vatn two (or three) eleventh- and twelfth-century Icelandic skalds used exceptional vatr that appears neither in the standard dictionary of OWN poetry nor in older text editions, which are rich in conjectures. Additional lexical evidence, namely vatur, is found in a Faeroese ballad from the late 1700s. OWN vatr (< PNorse *watra < PGmc. *watran) seems to be a back formation from nom./acc. pl. vǫtr* < PNorse *watru < PGmc. *watrō parallel to PGmc. *watnō that was formed with the zero grade of the suffix taken from PGmc. *wat-n-õn gen. pl. (and presumably levelled *wat-n-amᵃ/ᵢz).
The paper presents a corpus linguistic perspective on two adjectival suffixes
and
in the German language. Its attention is focused on the distributional frequency of the derived adjectives, the ...semantic motivation and contextual occurrence through the lens of retried adjective + noun collocations. On top of that, the paper attempts to determine the superiority of such derived adjectives in the specialised vocabulary.
This volume comprises eight cutting-edge research articles on the meaning of complex words. The contributions apply a range of innovative methodological approaches to under-researched problems in ...derivational semantics. The book provides new answers to longstanding theoretical and empirical questions concerning the polysemy and rivalry of affixes, but also addresses broader questions such as how to best represent meaning.
The rise of augmented reality hits the world of Information, Communication and Technology which brings about the booming phenomenon of mobile games. One of hot mobile game with the successful ...application of augmented reality is Pokémon Go, issued in August 2016. The uses of augmented reality not only give the gamers a new kind experience to learn new technology, but also provide a new way for teachers and learners to benefit the origins of English and its meanings of each pocket monster. Each pocket monster stands for a new word that is created by its founder. In each new word, the uses of prefix, root and suffix have been established and named, as the single-word utterances of the pokémon names are the sentences. Hence, this article aims at (1) the overview of augmented reality and educations, (2) the applications of augmented reality into the mobile games, (3) the uses of prefix, root and suffix in learning English and pokémon languages, and (4) the experiments. A total number of 61 students were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The questionnaires, descriptive statistics, a paired-sample t-test, one sample t-test, and ANCOVA were employed into the quantitative data. The research questions were to evaluate (a) students' learning attitudes, (b) learning satisfactions and (c) learning achievements in order to show the differences of pre-test and post-test between the experimental group and the control group. The experimental results indicate that the experimental group had significant performances than the control group in promoting their learning attitudes, learning satisfactions and learning achievements.
•It is harder to reject complex than simple pseudowords in a lexical decision task.•Morphological processing explains differences between complex and simple pseudowords.•Rejection of low ...interpretable pseudowords does not require semantic processing.•Children process derivational suffixes in reading pseudowords.•Similar results are observed for children and adults processing simple and suffixed pseudowords.
Previous evidence has shown that pseudowords made up of real morphemes take more time to process and generate more errors than pseudowords without morphemes in a lexical decision task. The explanation for these results is controversial because two possible arguments may be posited; the first is related to the morphological composition of the stimuli, and the second is related to the larger semantic interpretability of pseudowords with morphemes in comparison with pseudowords without morphemes (a semantic-based explanation). To disentangle this issue, we conducted an experiment with 92 children and 42 adults. For this purpose, a lexical decision task was implemented, controlling for semantic interpretability while manipulating the morphological status of pseudowords. The results show that the morphological composition of pseudowords generates larger latencies and more errors than pseudowords without morphemes, thereby corroborating that morphemes are activated during pseudoword processing even in the case of young readers.
