This paper deals with the meaning of the two exclusive particles in Malayalam -e and ma:tRam. Though they are treated as exclusives with the English Focus particle 'only', the paper claims their ...semantic is not identical. The paper focuses on a significant aspect of the meaning of exclusives: the source and content of the prejacent and the universal (the exhaustive) meaning component. It is demonstrated here with conventional semantic tests for assertion, presupposition and implicature that both the former and latter meaning components are asserted in sentences with ma:tRam. However, -e differs in that the prejacent is presupposed while the universal is asserted. Identifying whether an inference is part of the sentence's assertion/presupposition/ implication is substantial, as this impacts these particle's distribution and discourse functions. This study would contribute to a unified theory of exclusives. Keywords: Malayalam, Exclusive particles, -e, ma:tRam, Prejacent; Exhaustivity, Only.
Lietuvos vardyne yra trumpinių kilmės kamienus turinčių dvikamienių vardų. Tiriant istorijos šaltinių asmenvardžius rasti nauji šios kilmės avd. Bučvilà, Bùgvydas (ar Bgvydas), Bùtkvilas, Daũdvilas, ...Daũnepras, Daũtvilas, Eĩtgilas, Geĩtmantas, Kančeigãlas (ar Kančeigáila), Nórgvilas, Tatavydas ir Vaĩstvilas, taip pat nustatyta, kad trumpinių kilmės kamienus turi žinomi avd. Daũdgėlas, Geĩtkantas, Geĩtvydas, Gibutkis. Jie rodo, kad asmenvardžiai kurti naudojant kitų vardų dalis, o dvikamienius vardus veikė trumpiniai. Anksčiau išskirti dvikamienių vardų trumpinių kamienai buk-, darg-, eid-, eig-, jog-, jos- ir tart- papildyti kamienais buč-, bug- (ar būg-), butk-, daud-, daut-, eit-, geit-, kanč-, nepr-, norg- ir vaist-. Šių kamienų pamatas – dėmuo, susidaręs iš pirmojo vardo kamieno ir antrojo pradžios, arba trumpinys, išplėstas priesaga. Išskyrus darg- ir vaist-, kiti kamienai paliudyti vien lietuvių asmenvardžiuose, kas rodo juos kurtus atskirai nuo prūsų.
El revival del sufijo -érrimo Santos, María del Carmen Méndez; Linares Bernabéu, Esther
Verba,
01/2022, Letnik:
49
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This research study analyses the current behaviour of the literate suffix -érrimo, as we have noticed a vitality that does not correlate with its description as obsolete in grammar and morphological ...handbooks. Consequently, in order to describe its main features, we have selected the types attested in the CdE:Now, made up of digital texts, which come from websites and magazines. Its new force could be related to a highly oral discourse, common in blogs, social networks, opinion pieces and interactions with news, etc., which represent a colloquial register. The results obtained show that -érrimo offers an active profile as a suffix in present-day Spanish, particularly relevant in oral or oralised contexts, which select bases that are not of a literate origin and do not necessarily have a final -r. It is above all the derivations of bisyllabic adjectives that show a strong vitality and dissemination, in particular, buenérrimo, guapérrimo and monérrimo. The remainder seems to be the result of stylistic and expressive neology, typical of the creativity of e.g. journalists, commentators and bloggers (but relational adjectives are excluded). The pragmatic effects that are obtained from its use in the corpus show that -érrimo fulfils an intensifier function, related to politeness, a comic function and an ironic function.
Lasi is said to be one of the dialects of Sindhi which is spoken in Lasbela and some districts of Sindh (Azam, 2019; Mustafa, G. & Ali, Z., 2021; Amin, M. & Ali, Z., 2021). The research aims to ...describe and analyse the use of postpositions in Lasi and Sindhi. The study compares postpositions in Lasi and Sindhi in terms of place and position. This research is a qualitative, and it uses descriptive and analytical research designs. The data have been collected through informal conversation (unstructured interviews) with native speakers of Lasi which have been later reproduced by the Sindhi speakers so that we can have comparison of postpositions between the two languages. Chomsky's (1988) principles and parameters have been used as a theoretical/analytical framework. The research has shown differences between the two languages; Sindhi and Lasi. It has been found that Lasi and Sindhi differ in the use of postpositions. Sindhi uses a separate word in the postpositional phrase to show the postposition while Lasi uses postpositional suffixes with the noun in the postpositional phrase to show the postposition. The prominent Lasi postpositional morphemes/suffixes are 'm, k, t, la'. The most interesting finding is that Lasi uses just a phoneme (a consonant) to show a complete morpheme (a word: postposition). However, the two languages have been found similar in the placement of postpositions; both use postpositions after the nouns, because Lasi and Sindhi are head-final languages unlike English.
The article deals with the homonymy of the means of Lithuanian word formation, the relevance of which has become apparent in the development of the Word Formation Guide, a digital manual of ...Lithuanian word (noun) formation. The study aims to justify the need for marking homonymic derivational formatives in dictionaries of word formation, dictionaries of morphemes, dictionaries of morphemic composition, word formation manuals, etc., and to discuss the problems encountered in practice when the homonymic means of word formation are presented in these publications. It is considered that homonymy should be discussed at the level of derivational formatives, not at the level of morphemes (affixes). The difference in the derivational meaning of derivatives and the origin of the means of word formation are considered to be indisputable criteria for the identification of homonymous derivational formatives, while the difference in the part of speech of derivatives and the difference in the part of speech of their base words is not in itself likely to lead to the homonymy of derivational means. Only affixes (formatives) of the same type are homonymous. The problem of marking the homonymy of the derivational formatives used to form mobile nouns (substantiva mobilia) is discussed. The preliminary marking of homonyms in the Word Formation Guide has not only highlighted the relevance and problems of homonymy of derivational formatives but has also shown the extent of homonymy – about half of the suffixes of Lithuanian nouns and almost all the inflections are homonymous.
In den deutschen Dialekten haben sich kollektive Referenzformen etabliert, mit denen man sich auf mehrere Mitglieder einer Familie bezieht, z.B. (s) ‚Müllers'. Sie gehen auf Genitivattribute zurück ...und weisen neben ehemaligen starken Genitivmarkierungen ((s) ‚Müller-s') auch schwache und kombinierte Genitivflexion auf: (s) ‚Schmidt-en'(-s). Diese Flexive sind heute als Kollektivmarker zu deuten und stellen damit einen Brückenkontext zwischen Genitiv- und Pluralmarker dar: ((s) ‚Müllers' > ‚die Müllers'). In den rezenten Dialekten sind die Markierungen nicht mehr durch ihre ehemaligen Flexionsklassen, sondern durch formale Kriterien wie Silbenzahl undAuslaut konditioniert. Mit Familienkollektiva beziehen sich Sprechende auf die zusammenlebende Kernfamilie. Historisch ist das Ganze Haus als Sozialform als Referenzobjekt anzunehmen. Früher wie heute stellen Familienkollektiva ideale Referenzformen dar, um auf mehrere ortsbekannte Referenzpersonen mit wenig sprachlichemMaterial Bezug zu nehmen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht mit Hilfe von Karten aus einer Onlineerhebung sowie sprachreflexiven Beobachtungen von Dialektsprechenden aus Fokusgruppen Genese, Verbreitung, Verwendungskontexte sowie Entwicklungsprognosen der Kollektiva.
Esta investigación pretende estudiar el humor como fenómeno pragmático y social. Dicho objetivo busca demostrar la utilización de un formante de origen grecolatino en la constitución de un patrón ...humorístico que se desarrolla en el lenguaje coloquial. Para ello, se delimitará el objeto de análisis y se pondrá en relación con otros conceptos afines: ironía, sarcasmo y descortesía. Se trazará una breve descripción de un sufijo frecuente en el ámbito de la ciencia y que los hablantes adoptan como estrategia generadora de humor. Por último, se aplicará la Teoría General del Humor Verbal a los 157 tuits que configuran el corpus elaborado. Se expondrá el análisis pragmático de los cinco textos más representativos publicados en la red social Twitter.
L'article est consacré aux proverbes extraits d'un corpus parallele de la langue française, lettone et russe, dans lesquels les émotions sont exprimées d'une maniere ou d'une autre, plus ...particulierement aux unités qui traitent les émotions de base : joie, tristesse, colere, peur, aversion et surprise. On s'intéresse ici aussi bien aux traits spécifiques que la sagesse populaire attribue aux émotions qu'au lexique affectif et émotionnel des unités en question (interjections, verbes de sentiments, suffixes diminutifs, etc.).
The article focuses on current word-formation processes in the Russian language and the role of adverbs and state-of-being words involved. The Runet forum discourse presents a favourable medium for ...such processes. The author analyzes new derivatives in the above-mentioned parts of speech found in different Internet thematic forums and present the structural and semantic characteristics of such units with some elements of pragmatic and stylistic analysis. The ways of word-formation revealed in the available sample are considered successively. The most productive word-formation models, derivative stems, affixes, related stylistic devices, etc., are pointed out. It was found out that the most productive way is suffixation, while pure combination, fusion and the prefix-suffixal mode also display noticeable productivity. The status of the suffix -en'ko is discussed. It demonstrates a particular activity within the sample as it is involved in the realization of several word-formation methods at once. We note the frequent use in derivational processes of the stems and affixes evaluating the size (there are both diminutives and magnifying ones), as well as the abundance of various anomalies associated with the creation of new words: alternate steps; oxymoronic, pleonastic, stylistically contrasting combination of derivational units in the derivative word; abnormal graphical/orphographic representation of new derivatives, etc.
Russian Diminutives on the Social Network Instagram Grigoryan, Armine A.; Strelchuk, Elena N.
Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta družby narodov. Seriâ: Teoriâ âzyka, semiotika, semantika (Online),
12/2021, Letnik:
12, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of communication on the Russian-speaking segment of the social net Instagram. The aim of the article makes the analysis of diminutives - the words with ...diminutive-hypocoristic suffixes. In course of the study, over 250 users pages of Instagram were analyzed, and the most high-frequency lexemes were chosen. The derivational analysis was carried out to sort out the groups of relevant suffixes, and such a phenomenon as the synonymy was revealed. As is proved, despite different formal expression, all suffixes of diminutives bear diminutive-hypocoristic (or just hypocoristic) meaning which helps express subjective positive evaluation in respect to the environment, and demonstrate emotions (also positive) in course of communication. As is marked, the use of diminutives on the social net is not an occasional occurrence, its one of the significant exponents of the world view of the Russian-speaking people. The demand of language bearers for the diminutives witnesses of their high linguistic potential allowing the forms to create aesthetical communication over the Internet virtual space.
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