Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with psychologic distress. However, previous studies found conflicting results about whether AD is associated with increased depression or suicidality.
To ...determine the complex relationship between AD and depression.
A systematic review of all published observational studies in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Global Resource for Eczema Trials (GREAT), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PsychInfo databases that analyzed depression in AD was performed. Two reviewers performed study title and/or abstract review and data abstraction. Pooled meta-analysis was performed by using random-effects weighting.
Overall, 106 studies met the inclusion criteria; 36 had sufficient data for meta-analysis. The prevalence of any depression was higher in persons with versus without AD (20.1% vs 14.8%). Similar results were found in sensitivity analyses of studies assessing clinical depression, depressive symptoms, and adults; studies with healthy controls; and studies of low and high study quality. AD was associated with significantly higher depression scale scores, parental depression, antidepressant use, and suicidality. No publication bias was detected.
Individual-level data were not available.
Patients with AD have higher odds of depression and suicidality.
Abstract
Introduction
This prospective study explored associations among clinical insomnia, nocturnal cognitive hyperarousal, and nocturnal perinatal-focused rumination with suicidal ideation (SI) in ...perinatal women with mild-to-moderate depression.
Methods
From late pregnancy through early postpartum, 39 women with depression completed 17 weekly surveys assessing insomnia, depression, suicidal ideation, perceived stress, and three cognitive arousal indices.
Results
Women with nocturnal cognitive hyperarousal at baseline, relative to those with low nocturnal cognitive arousal, were at greater risk for developing new onset SI in late pregnancy or early postpartum (33% vs 1%). Moreover, nocturnal perinatal-focused rumination was independently associated with SI. SI-risk was highest when women reported clinical insomnia combined with nocturnal cognitive hyperarousal (OR=5.66, p=.037) or perinatal-focused rumination (OR=11.63, p=.018). Daytime perseverative thinking was not uniquely associated with SI.
Conclusion
Cognitive hyperarousal and perinatal-focused rumination at night are uniquely associated with SI among perinatal women with depression. Moreover, insomnia augments the suicidogenicity of nighttime cognitive activity. Future research should determine whether alleviating nocturnal cognitive arousal, pregnancy- and fetal/infant-related concerns, and insomnia with psychotherapy reduces SI for women with perinatal depression.
Support (if any)
This study was funded by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (198-FP-18, PI: Kalmbach). Dr. Cheng’s effort was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23-HL13866, PI: Cheng).
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide and perhaps the most puzzling and devastating of all human behaviors. Suicide research has primarily been guided by verbal theories containing vague ...constructs and poorly specified relationships. We propose two fundamental changes required to move toward a mechanistic understanding of suicide. First, we must formalize theories of suicide, expressing them as mathematical or computational models. Second, we must conduct rigorous descriptive research, prioritizing direct observation and precise measurement of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and of the factors posited to cause them. Together, theory formalization and rigorous descriptive research will facilitate abductive theory construction and strong theory testing, thereby improving the understanding and prevention of suicide and related behaviors.
Due to scientific advances, there have been significant declines in many once-leading causes of death over the past 100 years, yet global suicide rates have remained fairly stable for decades. The lack of progress in understanding, predicting, and preventing suicide is due in part to the limitations of current scientific theories of suicide.After providing a brief history of suicide theories, we argue that these theories are limited due to two fundamental factors: (i) they are imprecise, comprising vaguely defined components and underspecified relationships among those components, precluding concrete theory predictions that could be tested; and (ii) there is a lack of rigorous descriptive research that is necessary to inform the generation, testing, and development of more precise theories.We provide several guiding principles to address these limitations, focusing on the need to formalize theories as mathematical and computational models and to collect rigorous and intensive descriptive research on key suicidal outcomes and the factors posited to give rise to those outcomes.
This study examined the different dimensions and instruments used in committing suicide and how it gave rise to suicidal thoughts among Nigerian university students who had witnessed these suicide ...cases posted in social media platforms. Convenience sample of 30 students who had witnessed social media reported suicides were studied using focus group discussion. It was found that suicide a single person affair becomes a group affair through the power of its postings in social media platforms which generates different discussions on it. Students tend to have different suicidal thoughts following suicides they watched in social media platforms. These suicidal thoughts come in the form of high suicidal ideation, near suicidal ideation and no suicidal ideation. Use of sniper (a chemical used in killing insects) in committing suicide by students generated more thoughts of suicide especially when posted in social media platforms than other means of committing suicide.
War profoundly impacts people’s lives, causing death, displacement, and psychological trauma, but research investigating suicidality of adolescents in this context has been limited. We compared ...suicidality or self-harm behavior among adolescents in regions that were, and were not, affected by Russia’s initial invasion of Ukraine in 2014.
This cross-sectional study comprised 2,752 school students aged 11 to 17 years from the war-affected Donetsk region and non-war Kirovograd region. Data collection occurred in 2016 and 2017 using self-report tools to assess suicidality or self-harm behavior; psychopathology including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety; and war trauma exposure.
Adolescent girls in the war-affected region reported more suicide attempts (9.5% vs 5.1%; adjusted odds ratio aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8), suicidal ideation (39.3% vs 19.6%; aOR 2.6, 95% CI 2.01-3.3), or self-harm behavior (19.6% vs 13.1%; aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1), and boys reported more suicidal ideation (17.0% vs 9.8%; aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4). Boys and girls with PTSD, depression, or anxiety showed increased risks for any suicidality or self-harm. A dose-effect relation was observed between war trauma exposure and suicidality or self-harm. The association was strongest for adolescents who had experienced 5 or more different war trauma exposures (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.2-4.8).
War trauma exposure and psychopathology were strongly associated with suicidality or self-harm behavior, with a greater impact in girls than boys. The high prevalence of suicidality found in this study emphasizes the need for intervention on a large scale for adolescents living in war situations.
The Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior (SIQ-Jr) were designed to capture suicidal ideation in adolescents and are often used in clinical trials. Our ...aim was to identify and appraise the published literature with respect to the validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability of the SIQ and SIQ-Jr.
We conducted a systematic review following COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines to identify, appraise, and synthesize published literature on measurement properties and interpretability of the SIQ and SIQ-Jr. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to May 16, 2023, to identify sources relevant to our aim.
We identified 15 sources meeting our eligibility criteria. The body of literature did not meet COSMIN standards to make recommendations for use with regard to these measurement instruments.
Further research is needed, with a focus on content validity and structural validity, prior to recommending the SIQ and SIQ-Jr for use in clinical practice and in clinical trials. No specific grant funding was used for this review.
In this systematic review, authors analyzed 15 sources examining measurement properties of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Jr. Both measures are designed to capture suicidal ideation in adolescents and are used in clinical practice and clinical trials. The authors identified sufficient evidence for convergent validity for both measures. Authors concluded that further research is needed to support content validity, structural validity as a unidimensional scale (as they are often used) as well as their internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminative validity, predictive validity, and interpretability of these measures. The authors also emphasize the need to consider the limitations of these measures for researchers studying suicidal ideation and clinicians using these measures in their assessments of young people.
•We explore the associations between sleep difficulties and suicidal ideation among youth with a history of depression, and how these associations are magnified by alcohol or illicit drug ...dependence/abuse.•Using data from five years an annual cross-sectional representative survey of adolescents with a history of depression in the US, we found that sleep difficulties were associated with thinking about, planning, or attempting suicide – an association that is magnified by alcohol and illicit drug use.•In youth with a history of depression, we observed associations between sleep difficulties and suicidal ideation, which was more robust among those reporting alcohol or illicit drug abuse/dependence.
Sleep difficulties and misuse of drugs/alcohol have been associated with suicidal ideation in young people. Using cross-sectional representative surveys of adolescents in the United States, we conducted adjusted logistic regression modeling to assess the relationships between sleep difficulties, substance use, and suicidal ideation among adolescents with a history of depression (n = 38,418) between 2015 and 2020. Sleep difficulties were associated with thinking about (aOR=1.6,95%CI:1.3–1.9), planning (aOR=1.8,95%CI:1.2–2.6), or attempting (aOR=1.7,95%CI:1.2–2.5) suicide. In those reporting alcohol abuse/dependence, sleep difficulties were associated with attempting suicide (aOR=3.1,95%CI:1.2–8.5). In those reporting illicit drug abuse/dependence, sleep difficulties were associated with thinking about (aOR=2.1,95%CI:1.1–4.1) and attempting (aOR=2.2,95%CI:1.2–4.1) suicide.
The efficacy of ketamine in reducing suicidal ideation (SI) has been previously reported. We aimed to evaluate acute anti-SI effects of single-dose ketamine in different formulations/routes of ...administration by pooling results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search was conducted on Cochrane, Embase, Medline, and PubMed from inception to July 1st, 2020. Studies were selected based on pre-determined eligibility criteria. Effect sizes of different formulations/routes at various time points were computed using random-effects models. With data from nine eligible RCTs (n = 197), the pooled effect size for anti-SI effects at the 24-h time point was 1.035 (N = 6, CI: 0.793 to 1.277, p < 0.001) for intravenous (IV) racemic ketamine and 1.309 (N = 1, CI: 0.857 to 1.761, p < 0.001) for intranasal (IN) esketamine. An additional five RCTs were available for qualitative analysis. RCTs were identified for oral/sublingual ketamine for depression, however, none of these trials reported anti-SI effects preventing quantitative analysis for these routes of delivery. No RCTs for intramuscular (IM) ketamine were identified. The findings suggest that single-dose IV ketamine/IN esketamine is associated with robust reductions in suicidal thoughts at 2-h, 4-h, and 24-h post-intervention. In addition, future studies on IM/oral/sublingual ketamine and comparative studies are warranted to evaluate the anti-SI efficacy of distinct formulations and routes of administration.
•Single-dose intravenous ketamine/intranasal esketamine has rapid and robust acute effects in reducing suicidal ideation (SI).•Future high-quality research on the anti-SI efficacy of alternative administration routes and formulations of ketamine is needed.•Dosage, routes of administration, and formulations are factors to be considered for optimizing SI treatment using ketamine.
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