Identificação e quantificação dos componentes de perdas de produção do tomateiro Loos, Rodolfo A.(Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Fitotecnia); Silva, Derly José H. da(Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Fitotecnia); Fontes, Paulo Cezar R.(Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Fitotecnia) ...
Horticultura brasileira,
2004, Letnik:
22, Številka:
2
Magazine Article
Recenzirano
Foram identificados e quantificados, no período de verão-outono, evidenciando o componente crítico e o fator-chave de perdas da cultura, mediante a utilização da tabela de vida das culturas. O ...trabalho foi realizado na Horta de Pesquisa da UFV, de janeiro a junho de 2001, sob delineamento de blocos casualizados, com dois tratamentos (cultivar Santa Clara I 5300 e híbrido Débora Plus) e cinco repetições. Durante o ciclo da cultura, foram avaliados o número de plantas mortas e as causas de morte, o número de flores e frutos/planta. Nas colheitas, os frutos sadios foram contados, pesados e classificados, sendo identificadas as causas de perda dos frutos danificados. Observou-se maior influência da perda de plantas (r=0,89) (P<0,01) sobre as perdas totais sendo, consequentemente, plantas o componente crítico de perdas da cultura. O vírus TSWV foi o único causador de mortes dentro do componente crítico de produção, sendo considerado o fator-chave de perdas da cultura.
The components of loss in tomato production were identified and quantified, in the summer-autumn period. The critial component and the key factor in the cultivation loss become evident using the methodology of the crop life table. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from January to June 2001 and consisted of two treatments (cultivars Santa Clara and F1 Débora Plus) in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. During the tomato cycle, the number of dead plants, the causes of this and the number of flowers and fruits/plant were evaluated. At harvest, the healthy fruits were counted, weighted and classified; the causes of fruit damage were identified and the loss quantified. Total loss was more influenced by the fluctuation of the component plants (r=0,89) (P<0,01) than by other production components; consequently, plants were considered the critical production components of tomato. TSWV virus was the only factor affecting plant death, being considered the key-factor in the loss of this tomato production.
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A mosca-branca Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, 1994 causa danos em diversas culturas de importância econômica no Brasil. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o potencial biótico do inseto ...nas plantas de abobrinha, feijão, mandioca, milho, poinsétia, repolho e tomate. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Embrapa Hortaliças, em Brasília-DF, em câmaras climatizadas, à temperatura de 28 ± 2ºC e casa de vegetação, à temperatura ambiente (25 ± 8ºC), partindo-se de uma população de B. argentifolii, criada em poinsétia desde 1995. Repolho e feijão foram as plantas hospedeiras que apresentaram períodos pré-imaginais mais curtos, respectivamente 20,5 e 21,9 dias. As maiores porcentagens de mortalidade nesses períodos foram observadas em mandioca (97,9%) e milho (94,2%). A razão sexual em geral foi favorável às fêmeas. O inseto apresentou valores muito próximos de r m (capacidade intrínseca de crescimento da população), variando de 0,18 em feijão a 0,13 em repolho, mostrando estar igualmente adaptado a estes hospedeiros. Resultados diversos foram observados em milho e mandioca, onde as fêmeas apresentaram alta mortalidade (> 90%), o que sugere baixa capacidade de utilização destes hospedeiros pela mosca-branca.
The whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, 1994 has been causing damage in several economically important crops in Brazil. The purpose of this research was to determine the biotic potential of the insect in zucchini, dry bean, cassava, corn, poinsettia, cabbage and tomato. The experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Hortaliças, located in Brasilia, in BOD chamber (28°C ± 2°C) and greenhouse (25°C ± 8°C), with a whitefly population continuously reared on poinsettia plants since 1995. Cabbage and dry bean were the host plants with shorter pre-imaginal periods, 20.5 and 21.9 days respectively. The highest mortality in this periods was observed in cassava (97.9%) and corn (94.2%). Sexual ratio (female:male) favored females. The insect presented a small range for the intrinsic rate of increase (r m), 0.18 for dry bean and 0.13 for cabbage, reflecting the similar adaptability to both hosts. Lower intrinsic rates of increase were observed in corn and cassava, with high female mortality (> 90%), suggesting that these two species were less suitable hosts for this whitefly population.
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