Dotychczas nie znaleziono satysfakcjonującego wyjaśnienia, w jaki sposób rzymski mnich Dionysius Exiguus ustalił rok narodzenia Jezusa w swoim systemie rachuby lat, który wprowadził w 525 roku. W ...badaniach dominują bowiem dwa bezzasadne założenia: pierwsze, że twórca tej rachuby nie podał jej uzasadnienia, i drugie, że rozwiązania problemu należy szukać jedynie w pracach tego autora dotyczących obliczania dat Wielkanocy. W tym artykule przyjąłem następującą hipotezę badawczą: wyjaśnienie nowej rachuby lat znajduje się w pismach Dionizego, do których należą jego prace komputystyczne, ale także teologiczne. Analiza tych pism pozwala odkryć historyczne i teologiczne racje, które stały się faktyczną podstawą ustalenia daty narodzenia Jezusa na rok odpowiadający dzisiejszemu AD 1.
The author proposes a technique of calculating the postulated minimum upper limit of the productive age, which uses potential demography methods. The technique is based on the postulate that the ...total number of years to live after the productive age for the whole population should not be higher than the total years to live in the productive age. This method accounts for both the length of the life expectancy and the population age structure. The minimum upper limit of the productive age is the highest for the population with a long life expectancy and high age dependency ratio. The results obtained using this technique for calculations in all European Union member states were compared and related to the statutory pension ages.
Cilj je ovoga rada, analizom multiplikativnih učinaka i intenziteta regionalne povezanosti, identificirati sektore s najvećim potencijalom za ublažavanje negativnih gospodarskih posljedica širenja ...COVID-19 virusa u Hrvatskoj. Hrvatska je podijeljena u dvije regije: Kontinentalna Hrvatska i Jadranska Hrvatska. U izradi regionalnih input-output tablica korištena je metodologija međusektorskih lokacijskih kvocijenata (Cross-industry location quotient, CILQ). Metoda se temelji na specijalizaciji pojedinih regija u proizvodnji određenih skupina proizvoda, a temeljem čega se nacionalni tehnički koeficijenti prilagođavaju na razini pojedinih regija. U istraživačkom smislu doprinos rada temelji se na nepostojanju empirijske literature koja bi se bavila regionalnom input-output analizom za hrvatsko gospodarstvo. Rezultati rada mogu se koristiti i kao podloga za definiranje izlazne ekonomske strategije usmjerene na oporavak gospodarstva i brži izlazak iz recesije. Najveći multiplikativni učinci i najveći intenzitet regionalne povezanosti uočen je u određenim sektorima prerađivačke industrije, poljoprivredi i građevinarstvu. Ova skupina djelatnosti može se uz određene mjere opreza odvijati na dosadašnji način bez velikih rizika za širenje virusa. Poticanje ovih aktivnosti daje pozitivne rezultate već u kratkom roku, a zbog visokih multiplikativnih učinaka, pozitivni poticaj širi se i na ostale djelatnosti i regije. Osim ovih djelatnosti naglasak treba biti i na unapređivanju sektora zdravstva i sektora informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija, kod kojih su neizravni gospodarski učinci nešto niži, ali koji će biti ključni za nesmetano odvijanje gospodarske aktivnosti u budućem razdoblju. Sektor turizma ima vrlo plitke multiplikatine učinke, ali nadprosječno velik udio isporuka za finalnu potrošnju, a time i utjecaj na prihode državnog proračuna.
The aim of the paper is to identify the sectors with the highest potential to mitigate the negative economic consequences of the spread of COVID-19 virus in Croatia based on the multiplicative effects and intensity of regional integration. Croatia has been divided in two regions, Continental Croatia and Adriatic Croatia. Cross-industry location quotient (CILQ) methodology was used to compile the regional input-output tables. The method is based on the specialization of individual regions in the production of specific groups of products, based on which national technical coefficients are adjusted at the level of individual regions. The contribution of the research is based on the lack of empirical literature that would deal with regional input-output analysis for the Croatian economy. Results of this paper can be used as a basis for defining economic exit strategy aimed at faster recovery from the recession. The highest multiplicative effects and the highest intensity of regional integration have been observed in manufacturing, agriculture and construction sectors. This group of activities can, with some precautions, take place so far without the high risk of spreading the virus. Stimulation of these activities results in positive effects even in the short term. Due to the high multiplicative effects, a positive impulse will spread to other activities and regions. In addition to these activities, emphasis should also be placed on improving health system and information and communication technology sector, where indirect economic effects are slightly lower but will be crucial for the smooth running of economic activity in the future. Tourism sector has shallow multiplier, but above average share of final uses. It has significant impact on government budget revenues.
In Slovenia, longevity is increasing rapidly. From 1997 to 2014, life expectancy at birth increased by 7 and 5 years for men and women, respectively. This paper explores how this gain in life ...expectancy at birth can be attributed to reduced mortality from five major groups of causes of death by 5-year age groups. It also estimates potential future gains in life expectancy at birth.
The importance of the five major causes of death was analysed by cause-elimination life tables. The total elimination of individual causes of death and a partial hypothetical adjustment of mortality to Spanish levels were analysed, along with age and cause decomposition (Pollard).
During the 1997-2014 period, the increase in life expectancy at birth was due to lower mortality from circulatory diseases (ages above 60, both genders), as well as from lower mortality from neoplasms (ages above 50 years) and external causes (between 20 and 50 years) for men. However, considering the potential future gains in life expectancy at birth, by far the strongest effect can be attributed to lower mortality due to circulatory diseases for both genders. If Spanish mortality rates were reached, life expectancy at birth would increase by more than 2 years, again mainly because of lower mortality from circulatory diseases in very old ages.
Life expectancy analyses can improve evidence-based decision-making and allocation of resources among different prevention programmes and measures for more effective disease management that can also reduce the economic burden of chronic diseases.
Celem artykułu jest analiza porównawcza tablic koniugacyjnych czasowników włoskich wydanych w Polsce. Omówione zostały: a) struktura tablic, b) uproszczona gramatyka przedstawiona we wstępie, c) ...wybrane alternacje fonetyczne/ortograficzne czasowników włoskich, d) czasowniki trzeciego paradygmatu fleksyjnego, które wymagają infiksu -isc- przed morfemem gramatycznym, e) czasowniki mające równoważne formy fleksyjne czasowniki defektywne, g) czasowniki z prefiksem.
Spis treści: Przeszłość - przyszłości / Stefan Momidłowski. Powstanie Wielkopolski przeciw Szwedom w latach 1655-1657 / Jan Smołka. Tablica Jadwigi i Jagiełły w Przemyślu / Kazimierz M. Osiński. ...Memoryał Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk w Przemyślu do prześwietnej Rady miasta Przemyśla w sprawie Zamku przemyskiego. Muzeum Dyecezyalne dla sztuki kościelnej w Przemyślu / Stefan Momidłowski. Sprawozdanie archiwaryusza z czynności w Archiwum miasta Przemyśla za r. 1911 / Tadeusz Troskolański. Sprawozdanie Zarządu Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk w Przemyślu. Sprawozdanie Dyrekcyi Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk w Przemyślu. Sprawozdanie kasowe z ogólnych funduszów Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk w Przemyślu za czas od dnia 29. czerwca 1909. do końca roku 1911. Spis członków. Wykaz datków na tablicę grunwaldzką
Tyt. okł.: Rocznik Przemyski
Contents: Past - Future/Stefan Momidłowski. Wielkopolska Uprising against the Swedes in 1655-1657/Jan Smołka. Plaque Jadwiga and Jagiełło in Przemyśl/Kazimierz M. Osiński. Memory of the Society of Friends of Sciences in Przemyśl to the splendid Przemyśl City Council on the Przemyśl Castle. Dyecezary Museum for Church Art in Przemyśl/Stefan Momidłowski. Archive report on activities in the City of Przemyśl Archive for the year 1911/Tadeusz Troskolański. A report by the Board of the Society of Friends of Sciences in Przemyśl. A report by the Director of the Society of Friends of Sciences in Przemyśl. A cash report on the general funds of the Society of Friends of Sciences in Przemyśl in time from day 29. June 1909. by the end of 1911. List of members. List of donations to the Grunwald plaque
Tyt. Circle: Przemyśl Yearbook
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