There is an increasing demand for bio-based packaging materials incorporated with active nanoparticles as one of the new technologies to obtain food products with improved quality and extended ...shelf-life. The objectives of this study were to develop a chitosan-gelatin based edible coating incorporated with nano-encapsulated tarragon essential oils (TEO) and to investigate the effects of chitosan-gelatin coatings containing TEO or TEO-loaded nanoparticles (TEO-NPs) on the preservation of pork slices during refrigerated storage for 16 days. Nanoparticles with the average diameters of 246.27–504.60 nm were produced using different mass ratios of chitosan to TEO (1:0, 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8 and 1:1) by ionic gelation method. Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the prepared TEO-NPs were 27.07–37.12 mV and 9.83–35.57%, respectively. TEO-NPs with the maximum EE were applied for preparing the edible coatings. The results suggested that the coating treatments could significantly inhibit quality deterioration of pork slices. Nano-encapsulation contributed to the sustained release of TEO and caused an improved antioxidant, antibacterial and sensory properties. The study suggests that chitosan-gelatin coating incorporated with TEO-NPs could be developed as a prospective active packaging to preserve pork slices.
•Tarragon essential oil (TEO) loaded nanoparticles were prepared.•Pork slice was coated with chitosan-gelatin coating containing free or encapsulated TEO.•Coating inhibited lipid oxidation, microbial growth, and improved sensory attributes.•Chitosan-gelatin coating containing encapsulated TEO showed the best performance on meat preservation.
Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon) has a long history of use as a spice and remedy. Two well-described “cultivars” (Russian and French) are used widely and differ in ploidy level, morphology, and ...chemistry. Key biologically active secondary metabolites are essential oils (0.15–3.1%), coumarins (>1%), flavonoids, and phenolcarbonic acids. In vivo studies mainly in rodents, particularly from Russian sources, highlight potential anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antihyperglycemic effects. Despite concerns about the toxic effects of two of its main constituents, estragole (up to 82%) and methyleugenol (up to 39%), no acute toxicity or mutagenic activity has been reported at doses relevant for human consumption. Water extracts of A. dracunculus contain very low amounts of estragole and methyleugenol and, therefore, are considered to pose a very limited risk. Overall, a stronger focus on clinical studies and precise taxonomic and phytochemical definition of the source material will be essential for future research efforts.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of high molecular weight CH and TEO on increasing the shelf life of yogurt as well as improve the consistency and reduce hydration. First, different ...concentrations of CH (2%, 4%, and 6%) were made and added to yogurt. Then, tarragon essential oil (TEO) was inoculated into yogurt in different concentrations (20, 40, and 60 ppm). The samples were kept at two temperatures, refrigerator and room temperature, for three weeks. Afterward, the effects of different concentrations of CH and TEO on yogurt properties such as pH, acidity, dry matter, fat, protein, syneresis, and the survival of microorganisms such as bacteria, mold, and yeast were investigated. The results showed that CH concentration, temperature, and storage time had a statistically significant effect (ρ < 0.05) on pH, acidity, syneresis, and the bacterial count and yeast. The best results were related to yogurts containing 6% CH with 60% TEO. Nevertheless, samples containing 2% CH had the highest score in sensory evaluation. It is concluded that the addition of high molecular weight CH at a concentration of 6% with 20% TEO leads to the production of high-quality yogurt and greater durability.
•The use of chitosan and tarragon had a statistically significant effect on pH and acidity.•The use of chitosan and tarragon was effective in reducing the syneresis of yogurt samples.•The high concentration of CH and a low concentration of TEO had the highest score in consistency.•CH was effective in increasing the shelf life of yogurt with antimicrobial and antifungal effects.
In this study, tarragon extract was used as a reducing agent to perform green nano-biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The synthesized SeNPs were characterized using measurements of ...UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy disperse analysis of X rays (EDAX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and differential scanning analysis (DSC). Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by observing a peak at 212 nm in UV-VIS, indicating the surface plasmon resonance of SeNPs. Tarragon extract enabled a stable dispersion of SeNPs, giving rise to formation of the nanoparticles in the shape of quasi-spheres without clustering with the sizes between 20 and 50 nm. The SeNPs were shown to be in the form of nanocrystals, having Se embedded in the nanostructure with high thermal stability (a high resistance to thermal process over 200 °C). The SeNPs synthesized with tarragon extract could remarkably increase the inhibition zones from approximately 13 to 18 mm against the pathogenic bacteria and from 10 to 14 mm, 17–36 mm, 8–12 mm, 15–24.5 mm and 9–14 mm, against A. alternata, A. niger, A. parasiticus, B. cinerea, F. oxysporum and P. chrysogenum, respectively.
•Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized using tarragon extract.•Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM and TEM analyses.•Tarragon extract played as reducing and stabilizing agent.•The SeNPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Background::Cancer is one of the problems facing societies today and despite new advances in chemotherapy and cancer treatment, there are still many cancers that do not respond to today’s treatments. ...Tarragon with the scientific name of Artemisia dracunculus L. has various flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds and many therapeutic effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of this plant on different categories of cancer cels. Methodes: After collecting the shoots of tarragon and extracting them by the maceration method, the weight of the extract with a yield of 22.25% was 12.9 g. After examining the presence of flavonoids and total phenol, the extract’s antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH and FRAP methods. Finally, MTT tests on three cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HT-29, and MKN45, were done using different concentrations of tarragon extract (100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/mL). Results: Total flavonoids were detected at 24±1.18 mg of quercetin per gram of extract, and total phenols were detected at 59±2.21 mg of gallic acid per gram of extract. Examining the inhibitory effect of DPPH compared to vitamin C, it was found that the hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon has a 50% inhibitory effect. According to the standard curve, the amount of iron reduced by tarragon hydroalcoholic extract is equal to 405±0.11 μg/ml. The cytotoxic effect of tarragon hydroalcoholic extract on MCF7, MKN45, and HT-29 cell lines was investigated, and their IC50 values were 1065.669, 881.19, and 743.870 μg/mL, respectively. The A. dracunculus L extract inhibits the growth of cancer cells in various cell lines.
•The validity of Tanacetum and Tarragon extract as surfactants in EOR was confirmed.•Natural surfactants enabled extra 13.2% OOIP of oil extraction.•The minimum contact angle of 30.8° was ...obtained.•Natural surfactants were effective in decreasing IFT from 29.5 to 5.12 mN/m.
Nowadays, the plant extracts, as natural surfactants, are considered as part of the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods due to their high performance in reducing the interfacial tension (IFT) and environmentally friendly manner. Hence, this study focuses on the application of two new natural surfactants in EOR, which were extracted from Tanacetum (TAN) and Tarragon (TAR) plants. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the prepared natural surfactants was determined using the conductivity and IFT measurements to identify where surfactant molecules are in the bulk phase and far from the aggregation. Several measurements of IFT and contact angle (CA) of the fluid/fluid and fluid/fluid/rock systems were carried out with the presence of the prepared natural surfactants at concentrations of 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000 ppm within the distilled water (DW) and brine. The obtained results of IFT showed that it was reduced from 29.5 and 28 to 5.12 and 6.57 mN/m when 5000 ppm and 1000 ppm of Tarragon added into DW and brine, respectively. While, the IFT was reduced to 2.09 and 1.87 mN/m with the presence of DW-TAN7000 and brine-TAN1000 surfactant solutions, respectively. Additionally, the minimum CAs of 30.8° and 33° of the oil droplets on the surface of the carbonate rock were measured with the presence of the DW based TAR5000 and TAN1000, respectively. Ultimately, the results of the oil displacements using the carbonate core plugs illustrated 11.7% and 13.2% increases in the recovery factor using TAR1000 and TAN1000 solutions.
L. (tarragon), Asteraceae, is a species that has long been used in traditional Asian medicine, mainly in Iran, Pakistan, Azerbaijan and India. It is known as a spice species in Asia, Europe and the ...Americas. The raw materials obtained from this species are herb and leaf. The presence of essential oil with a highly variable composition, as well as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins and alkamides, determines the medicinal and/or spice properties of the plant. In traditional Asian medicine, this species is used, for example, in the treatment of digestive system diseases, as an analgesic, hypnotic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent, and as an effective remedy in the treatment of helminthiasis. Nowadays,
is the subject of professional phytochemical and pharmacological researches. Pharmacological studies have confirmed its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects known from traditional uses; they have also proved very important new findings regarding its biological activity, such as antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-tumour activities, as well as hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects.
has long-held an established position in the food industry as a spice. And its use is growing in the cosmetics industry. Moreover, it is the subject of biotechnological research focused mainly on the development of micro-propagation protocols.
•Evaluation larvicidal activity of Tarragon essential oil against Anopheles stephensi.•Evaluation larvicidal activity of inactive components of nanoemulsions (i.e. Tween 20 and Isopropyl alcohol) ...against Anopheles stephensi.•Preparation and optimization nanoemulsion of Tarragon essential oil.•Determination importance of nanoemulsions stability against dilution in larvicides test.•Increased significantly in larvicidal activity of nanoemulsion of Tarragon essential oil compared to essential oil.
Continuous use of chemical larvicides causes resistance in many species around the world and also environmental pollution. Nanoemulsions of herbal larvicides (such as essential oil based larvicides) are suitable alternatives for this purpose. However, no work so far has investigated the stability of a nanoemulsion after 100–200 times dilution and its effect on larvae of Anopheles stephensi, a major vector spreading malaria. Tarragon is a common medicinal plants and its essential oil had effective larvicidal activity. Different nanoemulsions of Tarragon essential oil were prepared using various amounts of surfactants and co-surfactants. For the first time, a comparison of larvicidal activity between two optimized preparations (particle sizes of 15.6 & 14.5nm) with tarragon essential oil against Anopheles stephensi was performed. The components of Tarragon essential oil were identified by GC–MS analysis. Forty eight components were determined, with 5 major components including P-Ally anisole (67.623%), cis-Ocimene (8.691%), beta-Ocimene Y (7.577%), Limonene (4.338%) & 3-Methoxy cinnam aldehyde (1.49%). The bioassay of essential oil was performed, LC at 50 or 90% with values of 11.36 or 17.54ppm, were calculated using probit analysis. No larvicidal effect was observed from nanoemulsion inactive ingredients (i.e. Tween 20 and isopropyl alcohol). Larvicidal activity of the most stable formulation after dilution (particle size 14.5nm), showed significant increase compared to bulk of the oil and nanoemulsions with lesser stability profile after dilution. By designing and preparing a stable essential oil nanoformulation, against dilution, which takes the advantage of lesser volatile properties. And also, achieving to effective and environmentally friendly larvicides with low cost will be possible.
The chemical composition, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Artemisia dracunculus L. leaves were examined through the utilization of four solvents for extraction. These solvents ...included ultrapure water, ethanol, methanol and acetic acid. The values reached for total polyphenols were between 77.2 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g for the acetic acid extracts and 192.1 mg GAE/g for the methanolic extracts. The total flavonoids were identified at 46.4 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g for the acetic acid extracts and 126.4 mg QE/g for the methanolic extracts. The IC50 antioxidant capacity values determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method were between 14.66 μg/mL (acetic acid extracts) and 20.33 μg/mL (methanolic extracts). 23 phenolic compounds were identified using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The methanolic and the aqueous extracts have on very good antibacterial activity on the Staphylococcus aureus 231 and Enterococcus faecalis 428 strains. A. dracunculus L. leaf extracts are rich in a diverse range of valuable active chemical and biological compounds.
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