Foodborne illness outbreaks caused by the consumption of food contaminated with harmful bacteria has drastically increased in the past decades. Therefore, detection of harmful bacteria in the food ...has become an important factor for the recognition and prevention of problems associated with food safety and public health. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most commonly isolated foodborne pathogen and it is considered as a major cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. A number of different methods have been developed for the detection and identification of S. aureus in food samples. However, some of these methods are laborious and time-consuming and are not suitable for on-site applications. Therefore, it is highly important to develop rapid and more approachable detection methods. In the last decade, biosensors have gained popularity as an attractive alternative method and now considered as one of most rapid and on-site applicable methods. An overview of the biosensor based methods used for the detection of S. aureus is presented herein. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art biosensor methods towards the detection and quantification of S. aureus, and discusses the most commonly used biosensor methods based on the transducing mode, such as electrochemical, optical, and mass-based biosensors.
•Recent advances in development of biosensors for detection of S. aureus are discussed.•An overview of biosensors based on transducing mode is presented.•Electrochemical, optical, and mass-based biosensors are mainly discussed.
Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) has progressed enormously over the past decade, transforming genomic analysis and opening up many new opportunities for applications in clinical microbiology ...laboratories. The impact of NGS on microbiology has been revolutionary, with new microbial genomic sequences being generated daily, leading to the development of large databases of genomes and gene sequences. The ability to analyze microbial communities without culturing organisms has created the ever-growing field of metagenomics and microbiome analysis and has generated significant new insights into the relation between host and microbe. The medical literature contains many examples of how this new technology can be used for infectious disease diagnostics and pathogen analysis. The implementation of NGS in medical practice has been a slow process due to various challenges such as clinical trials, lack of applicable regulatory guidelines, and the adaptation of the technology to the clinical environment. In April 2015, the American Academy of Microbiology (AAM) convened a colloquium to begin to define these issues, and in this document, we present some of the concepts that were generated from these discussions.
Recently introduced classes of thin, soft, skin-mounted microfluidic systems offer powerful capabilities for continuous, real-time monitoring of total sweat loss, sweat rate and sweat biomarkers. ...Although these technologies operate without the cost, complexity, size, and weight associated with active components or power sources, rehydration events can render previous measurements irrelevant and detection of anomalous physiological events, such as high sweat loss, requires user engagement to observe colorimetric responses. Here we address these limitations through monolithic systems of pinch valves and suction pumps for purging of sweat as a reset mechanism to coincide with hydration events, microstructural optics for reversible readout of sweat loss, and effervescent pumps and chemesthetic agents for automated delivery of sensory warnings of excessive sweat loss. Human subject trials demonstrate the ability of these systems to alert users to the potential for dehydration via skin sensations initiated by sweat-triggered ejection of menthol and capsaicin.
This is one book that can genuinely be said to be straight from the horse's mouth. Written by the originator of the technique, it examines parallel coordinates as the leading methodology for ...multidimensional visualization. Starting from geometric foundations, this is the first systematic and rigorous exposition of the methodology's mathematical and algorithmic components. It covers, among many others, the visualization of multidimensional lines, minimum distances, planes, hyperplanes, and clusters of "near" planes. The last chapter explains in a non-technical way the methodology's application to visual and automatic data mining. The principles of the latter, along with guidelines, strategies and algorithms are illustrated in detail on real high-dimensional datasets.
Gaia Data Release 3 Arenou, F.; Lammers, U. L.; Mignard, F. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
06/2023, Letnik:
674, Številka:
A1
Journal Article, Web Resource
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Context.
We present the third data release of the European Space Agency’s
Gaia
mission,
Gaia
DR3. This release includes a large variety of new data products, notably a much expanded radial velocity ...survey and a very extensive astrophysical characterisation of
Gaia
sources.
Aims.
We outline the content and the properties of
Gaia
DR3, providing an overview of the main improvements in the data processing in comparison with previous data releases (where applicable) and a brief discussion of the limitations of the data in this release.
Methods.
The
Gaia
DR3 catalogue is the outcome of the processing of raw data collected with the
Gaia
instruments during the first 34 months of the mission by the
Gaia
Data Processing and Analysis Consortium.
Results.
The
Gaia
DR3 catalogue contains the same source list, celestial positions, proper motions, parallaxes, and broad band photometry in the
G
,
G
BP
, and
G
RP
pass-bands already present in the Early Third Data Release,
Gaia
EDR3.
Gaia
DR3 introduces an impressive wealth of new data products. More than 33 million objects in the ranges
G
RVS
< 14 and 3100 <
T
eff
< 14 500, have new determinations of their mean radial velocities based on data collected by
Gaia
. We provide
G
RVS
magnitudes for most sources with radial velocities, and a line broadening parameter is listed for a subset of these. Mean
Gaia
spectra are made available to the community. The
Gaia
DR3 catalogue includes about 1 million mean spectra from the radial velocity spectrometer, and about 220 million low-resolution blue and red prism photometer BP/RP mean spectra. The results of the analysis of epoch photometry are provided for some 10 million sources across 24 variability types.
Gaia
DR3 includes astrophysical parameters and source class probabilities for about 470 million and 1500 million sources, respectively, including stars, galaxies, and quasars. Orbital elements and trend parameters are provided for some 800 000 astrometric, spectroscopic and eclipsing binaries. More than 150 000 Solar System objects, including new discoveries, with preliminary orbital solutions and individual epoch observations are part of this release. Reflectance spectra derived from the epoch BP/RP spectral data are published for about 60 000 asteroids. Finally, an additional data set is provided, namely the
Gaia
Andromeda Photometric Survey, consisting of the photometric time series for all sources located in a 5.5 degree radius field centred on the Andromeda galaxy.
Conclusions.
This data release represents a major advance with respect to
Gaia
DR2 and
Gaia
EDR3 because of the unprecedented quantity, quality, and variety of source astrophysical data. To date this is the largest collection of all-sky spectrophotometry, radial velocities, variables, and astrophysical parameters derived from both low- and high-resolution spectra and includes a spectrophotometric and dynamical survey of SSOs of the highest accuracy. The non-single star content surpasses the existing data by orders of magnitude. The quasar host and galaxy light profile collection is the first such survey that is all sky and space based. The astrophysical information provided in
Gaia
DR3 will unleash the full potential of
Gaia
’s exquisite astrometric, photometric, and radial velocity surveys.
A CRISPR/Cas12a based portable biosensor (Cas12a-PB) was developed to simultaneously visually detect CaMV35S promoter and Lectin gene from genetically modified (GM) soybean powders (Roundup Ready@). ...The Cas12a-PB, mainly made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and PMMA tape, has a connection structure, three channels and three detection chambers. The CRISPR/Cas12a detection reagents were preloaded in detection chambers and the reaction tube was connected to the connection structure by screw threads. After amplification, the amplicons were gone into three detection chambers by swinging the Cas12a-PB to conduct dual detection. Positive samples would produce green fluorescence while negative samples were black under the irradiation of 490 nm LED light. In this study, the Cas12a-PB successively combined with ordinary PCR, rapid PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to achieve dual detection, which made detection process more convenient and portable. As low as 0.1% transgenic ingredients in soybean powders could be detected and the specificity of Cas12a-PB was confirmed with GM maize powders (MON810, GA21), GM soybean powders (DP305423), non-GM peanut and rice as targets. In the end, an amplification chamber combining with Cas12a-PB on a PMMA chip was further designed to eliminate the use of reaction tube and mineral oil, which made operation simpler. The established Cas12a-PB would provide a new reliable solution for multiple targets detection in clinic diagnostics, food safety, etc.
•A CRISPR/Cas12a based portable biosensor for dual detection is developed.•The production of the portable biosensor is simple and cost-effective.•The biosensor can be applied in different amplification reactions.•As low as 0.1% GM soybean powders can be visually detected.•Different GM samples are successfully distinguished by the biosensor.
Outbreaks of foodborne diseases have become a global health concern; hence, many improvements and developments have been made to reduce the risk of food contamination. We developed a centrifugal ...microfluidic automatic wireless endpoint detection system integrated with loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for monoplex pathogen detection. Six identical sets were designed on the microfluidic compact disc (CD) to perform 30 genetic analyses of three different species of foodborne pathogens. The consecutive loading, mixing, and aliquoting of the LAMP primers/reagents and DNA sample solutions were accomplished using an optimized square-wave microchannel, metering chambers and revulsion per minute (RPM) control. We tested 24 strains of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Vibrio cholerae), with 8 strains of each bacterium, and performed DNA amplification on the microfluidic CD for 60min. Then, the amplicons of the LAMP reaction were detected using the calcein colorimetric method and further analysed via the developed electronic system interfaced with Bluetooth wireless technology to transmit the results to a smartphone. The system showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 × 10−5ngμL−1 DNA by analysing the colour change when tested with chicken meat spiked with the three pathogenic bacteria. Since the entire process was performed in a fully automated way and was easy to use, our microdevice is suitable for point-of-care (POC) testing with high simplicity, providing affordability and accessibility even to poor, resource-limited settings.
•Development of a microfluidic compact disc device for foodborne pathogen detection.•Development of an electronic endpoint detection system interfaced with smartphone.•30 genetic analyses of 3 different species of foodborne pathogen on microfliudic CD.•Tested with 24 strains of the pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Vibrio).•Sensitivity and Specificity of the LAMP assay on microfluidic CD validated.
Nerve blocks improve postoperative analgesia, but their benefits may be short-lived. This quantitative review examines whether perineural dexmedetomidine as a local anaesthetic (LA) adjuvant for ...neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks can prolong the duration of analgesia compared with LA alone. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of dexmedetomidine as an LA adjuvant to LA alone on neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks were reviewed. Sensory block duration, motor block duration, block onset times, analgesic consumption, time to first analgesic request, and side-effects were analysed. Results were combined using random-effects modelling. A total of 516 patients were analysed from nine RCTs. Five trials investigated dexmedetomidine as part of spinal anaesthesia and four as part of a brachial plexus (BP) block. Sensory block duration was prolonged by 150 min 95% confidence interval (CI): 96, 205, P<0.00001 with intrathecal dexmedetomidine. Perineural dexmedetomidine used in BP block may prolong the mean duration of sensory block by 284 min (95% CI: 1, 566, P=0.05), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Motor block duration and time to first analgesic request were prolonged for both intrathecal and BP block. Dexmedetomidine produced reversible bradycardia in 7% of BP block patients, but no effect on the incidence of hypotension. No patients experienced respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine is a potential LA adjuvant that can exhibit a facilitatory effect when administered intrathecally as part of spinal anaesthesia or peripherally as part of a BP block. However, there are presently insufficient safety data to support perineural dexmedetomidine use in the clinical setting.
Microfluidics is a relatively newly emerged field based on the combined principles of physics, chemistry, biology, fluid dynamics, microelectronics, and material science. Various materials can be ...processed into miniaturized chips containing channels and chambers in the microscale range. A diverse repertoire of methods can be chosen to manufacture such platforms of desired size, shape, and geometry. Whether they are used alone or in combination with other devices, microfluidic chips can be employed in nanoparticle preparation, drug encapsulation, delivery, and targeting, cell analysis, diagnosis, and cell culture. This paper presents microfluidic technology in terms of the available platform materials and fabrication techniques, also focusing on the biomedical applications of these remarkable devices.
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