State-of-the-art analysis of geological structures has become increasingly quantitative but traditionally, graphical methods are used in teaching. This innovative lab book provides a unified ...methodology for problem-solving in structural geology using linear algebra and computation. Assuming only limited mathematical training, the book begins with classic orientation problems and progresses to more fundamental topics of stress, strain and error propagation. It introduces linear algebra methods as the foundation for understanding vectors and tensors, and demonstrates the application of geometry and kinematics in geoscience without requiring students to take a supplementary mathematics course. All algorithms are illustrated with a suite of online MATLAB functions, allowing users to modify the code to solve their own structural problems. Containing 20 worked examples and over 60 exercises, this is the ideal lab book for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students. It will also provide professional structural geologists with a valuable reference and refresher for calculations.
GIS based buffer analysis methods were applied for analysing spatial distribution anddensity of dolinas in the NW part of Velika Kapela. Results extracted from existing spatialdatabases indicated ...spatial distribution of faults, as well as a degree of relationship betweendirection and density of dolinas with identified lineaments. By comparing faults identified fromdolina analysis, with faults identified during on-situ mapping, major tectonic blocks or unitswithin researched area were identified. Bigger regional and local faults identified from digitalelevation model are dividing larger tectonic units, while smaller local faults derived fromlinearly developed dolina are mostly dividing smaller tectonic blocks and can indicate theirdegree of faultness and deformities.
The three texts collected in this book ('Tectonics in Architecture') maintain the common view of architecture as craft, in the ancient Greek sense of poiesis, as an act of making, the making of ...material objects. This craft is assigned the term tectonics. The central text of the book is the essay written by the architectural theoretician Kenneth Frampton, in which he responds to the burning problem of architecture: the closing of the possibilities for architecture to work as a creative, thinking practice. His thesis maintains that in order to resist this process of turning architecture into but a giant commodity, an insistence on a specifically architectural way of making of objects is necessary. And according to Frampton, this specific architectural way of making is what we would call construction, that is, tectonic construction. In order to preserve architecture, a return to tectonics is needed. And a return to tectonics is an emphasis on the material base or ground of architecture. In developing this thesis Frampton follows the work of two German architects of the 19th century, Karl Bötticher and Gottfried Semper, who first elaborated the term tectonic in the modern sense. This book includes parts of their respective studies: the preface and part of the introduction of Bötticher's seminal work The Tectonic of the Hellenes, and the fifth chapter of the Semper's celebrated work The Four Elements of Architecture.
Is Gaia becoming Thanatia, a resource exhausted planet? For how long can our high-tech society be sustained in the light of declining mineral ore grades, heavy dependence on un-recycled critical ...metals and accelerated material dispersion? These are all root causes of future disruptions that need to be addressed today.This book presents a cradle-to-cradle view of the Earth's abiotic resources through a novel and rigorous approach based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics: heat dissipates and materials deteriorate and disperse. Quality is irreversibly lost. This allows for the assessment of such depletion and can be used to estimate the year where production of the main mineral commodities could reach its zenith. By postulating Thanatia, one acquires a sense of destiny and a concern for a unified global management of the planet's abiotic resource endowment.The book covers the core aspects of geology, geochemistry, mining, metallurgy, economics, the environment, thermodynamics and thermochemistry. It is supported by comprehensive databases related to mineral resources, including detailed compositions of the Earth's layers, thermochemical properties of over 300 substances, historical energy and mineral resource inventories, energy consumption and environmental impacts in the mining and metallurgical sector and world recycling rates of commodities.
Planetary Tectonics Watters, Thomas R; Schultz, Richard A
12/2009, Letnik:
v.Series Number 11
eBook
This book describes the tectonic landforms resulting from major internal and external forces acting on the outer layers of solid bodies throughout the Solar System. It presents a detailed survey of ...tectonic structures at a range of length scales found on Mercury, Venus, the Moon, Mars, the outer planet satellites, and asteroids. A diverse range of models for the sources of tectonic stresses acting on silicate and icy crusts is outlined, comparing processes acting throughout the Solar System. Rheological and mechanical properties of planetary crusts and lithospheres are discussed to understand how and why tectonic stresses manifest themselves differently on various bodies. Results from fault population data are assessed in detail. The book provides methods for mapping and analysing planetary tectonic features, and is illustrated with diagrams and spectacular images returned by manned and robotic spacecraft. It forms an essential reference for researchers and students in planetary geology and tectonics.
Atlas of Mylonites Wiersma, Dirk J; Passchier, Cees W; Trouw, Rudolph A. J
2010, 20091204, 2010-02-08
eBook
Odprti dostop
" Mylonites form in response to high rates of strain within deep ductile shear zones, which are the extensions at depth of surface faults, thrusts and fault breccias, They can have many different ...mineralogical compositions and are therefore defined on their textural appearance. This atlas provides high definition images of a large number of different mylonites allowing students and geologists to correctly classify them with greater ease. It also provides insights into the interpretation of mylonitic fabrics to answer questions such as, from what type of rock did this mylonite derive? What were the metamorphic circumstances during mylonitization? What was the intensity of deformation?, and What was the sense of shear? This book will complement the very successful textbook ""Microtectonics"" by Passchier and Trouw."
Abstract
The study area is located in the Tatra Mts., the part of Western Carpathians. In the Poszukiwaczy Skarbów Cave and the Groby Cave a tectonics structures has been documented. The structural ...analysis were made. In both caves the following joints set have been identified from 4 maximum of statistic analysis: 157/85 (max.I), 143/63 (max.II), 58/63 (max.III), 304/70 (max.IV). Nevertheless joint set participation of individual caves development have been diverse. In the development of the Poszukiwaczy Skarbów Cave, the most important joint set were latitudinal which is conjugate with fractures of III. maximum. This crossing of joints sets contribute to development of the main chamber. Maximum III has been very important in the evolution of passages of the Groby Cave. Conjugated with joint of max. IV determined the conduit direction. Entrance chamber formed in this place because the overthrust disintegrated a rocks there.
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