Recent advances in data storage technologies, such as optical storage and DNA storage, allow data storage for timescales of millions to billions of years. Alongside these developments, initiatives ...such as Lunar Mission One, the Long Now Foundation and the Human Document Project have promoted the long-term storage of data in order to foster public engagement and to preserve important data for future generations. However, proper concepts for long-term data storage in space are currently missing which match to the needs of stakeholders via the newly available technology. This paper explores the rationales for data storage over millions to billions of years in space and develops three ‘time capsule’ concepts addressing specific stakeholder needs. First, existing stakeholders are identified and categorized with respect to their motivation. Stakeholder needs are interpreted from statements of motivation. As key motivations, “encouraging global public engagement”, “moving humanity toward becoming a dual-planet species”, “embracing and constraining the information age”, and “allowing storage of information for a very long time” are identified. These needs are then arranged hierarchically for each stakeholder and the most prevalent needs are selected. Metrics are then assigned to each need. One or more storage technologies and storage locations are recommended for each case study. A key technology for storage durations of millions to billions of years seems to be digital DNA storage. Future work aims at developing more detailed storage concepts along with the interactions with the space system into which it is going to be integrated.
•We explore rationales for long-duration data storage in space.•We identify ‘space time capsule’ stakeholders and categorize by motivation.•We assign metrics to each stakeholder need.•We develop three ‘time capsule’ concepts addressing specific stakeholder needs.
More human geographers could benefit from analyzing blogs as a method in their research. Blogs are time capsules of data that can provide incredibly useful and otherwise potentially unattainable ...snapshots of the author's thoughts and opinions at a specific point in time. This article draws empirically on a recent research project where blogs acted as caches of information that provided two main benefits. First, blogs were effective as preliminary sources for the array and quality of historical data stored in the blogs, helping to follow historical pathways and ensuring strong preliminary data that shaped further data collection. Second, blogs supplied accurate and detailed information that could be directly cited in the research and otherwise proved difficult to find on the opinions and motives of actors at that time, providing unique insights into their behaviors and consequent impacts on the economic landscape. Although not without limitations, blog analysis offers many potential benefits for human geographers and this article provides insights into how they can be obtained.
The effect of alkyl chain length on the wetting properties of alkyltrichlorosilane coated cellulose-based paper is reported for four different reagents: methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS; –CH₃), ...butyltrichlorosilane (BTCS; –C₄H₉), dodecyltrichlorosilane (DTCS; –C₁₂H₂₅) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTCS; –C₁₈H₃₇). SEM analysis reveals that by systematically varying alkyl chain length, films with different surface morphologies can be generated on flat silicon wafer control samples and on cellulose-based paper samples. The variation in surface morphology leads to different wetting behavior, as determined by measuring static water and oil contact angles. Due to the nano- and micron- scale roughness on MTCS coated substrates, paper samples coated with MTCS display superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 152.2°, which is the highest water contact angle among these four alkyltrichlorosilanes. However, additional nano-scale roughness from MTCS coating reduces the oil resistance of coated paper samples, while paper samples coated with long-chain alkyltrichlorosilanes have lower surface energy and also lack nano-scale roughness. As a result, paper samples coated with OTCS display the highest resistance against oils (ethylene glycol contact angle 125.5°; diiodomethane contact angle 101.3°). The intrinsic porosity of paper is largely retained after coating, as indicated by the fact that low surface tension fluids like methanol can easily penetrate coated paper samples.
Highlights • Highlight 1: Analysis of counterfeit banknote paper can provide useful information to link cases. • Highlight 2: X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis and multivariate statistical ...methods were used. • Highlight 3: Nine separate cases were successfully linked.
Digging Up the Past Anderson-Zorn, April Karlene
The American archivist,
09/2019, Letnik:
82, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
During the demolition of an Illinois State University dormitory in the spring of 2016, workers discovered two time capsules. Tasked with their care, the university archivist looked for archival ...guidance on the safe handling of time capsules, best practices for working with their contents while balancing public demand for access. This case study examines the time capsule as an object of collective memory, how it fits into an institutional collection, the archivist’s work to document and recover materials in two recently discovered time capsules, and how to work with multiple institutional departments to make them accessible. It suggests best practices for time capsule discoveries and outreach.
PurposeLab experiments on cigarette warnings typically use a brief one-time exposure that is not paired with the cigarette packs smokers use every day, leaving open the question of how repeated ...warning exposure over several weeks may affect smokers. This proof of principle study sought to develop a new protocol for testing cigarette warnings that better reflects real-world exposure by presenting them on cigarette smokers’ own packs.MethodsWe tested a cigarette pack labelling protocol with 76 US smokers ages 18 and older. We applied graphic warnings to the front and back of smokers’ cigarette packs.ResultsMost smokers reported that at least 75% of the packs of cigarettes they smoked during the study had our warnings. Nearly all said they would participate in the study again. Using cigarette packs with the study warnings increased quit intentions (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest a feasible pack labelling protocol with six steps: (1) schedule appointments at brief intervals; (2) determine typical cigarette consumption; (3) ask smokers to bring a supply of cigarette packs to study appointments; (4) apply labels to smokers’ cigarette packs; (5) provide participation incentives at the end of appointments; and (6) refer smokers to cessation services at end of the study. When used in randomised controlled trials in settings with real-world message exposure over time, this protocol may help identify the true impact of warnings and thus better inform tobacco product labelling policy.Clinical trial numberNCT02247908.
The current study examined the perceptions of 14 third year student teachers regarding their experience of "opening the time capsule" practice. Qualitative analysis revealed that the student teachers ...enjoyed rereading their blogs, were able to identify their development in terms of their professional identity, and their writing skills, and felt that the practice increased their sense of self-efficacy. Recommendations for teacher educators regarding using the blog as a time capsule are discussed.
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