Aims:
The article presents an analysis of sources of information employed in mainstream print media reporting on addiction problems in Finland, Italy and Poland in the 1990s and 2000s.
Method:
A ...quantitative content analysis of frequency of different sources employed in articles in daily newspapers from Finland (N = 258), Italy (N = 296), and Poland (N = 212) from the years 1991, 1998 and 2011. Semantic units were coded in Atlas.ti. The societal spheres represented were identified using a common coding scheme broadly inspired by Boltanski and Thévenot’s typology of polities of worth. Transformations were identified in line with van Leeuwen’s framework for trends in discourse salience over time.
Results:
The study highlights different patterns of coverage of addictions in the three countries. Over time, increased salience is given to the individuals affected by addictions and experts who represent biomedical sciences. This process occurred with varying intensity and expressiveness in all countries under study.
Conclusions:
Social and political sources were employed to less extent over time. The media focus seemed to shift to the affected individuals and scientific expertise. This confirms results from previous studies on a general move towards individualisation and an increased focus on more personal and technical aspects of addiction problems in the mass media.
Different tobacco and related products, like waterpipe, e-cigarettes, are gaining popularity among adolescents in different countries; the data for Slovenia is currently limited. The purpose of this ...paper is to present the latest data on the use of different tobacco and related products, with or without flavours, among 15-year old students in Slovenia.
Data for 15-year-old students were drawn from 2014 Slovene database of the cross-national survey Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. The survey sample was selected with stratified two-stage sampling method. The survey was performed in schools with a self-administered web questionnaire. The survey questionnaire included international compulsory, selected optional and national questions, all on a variety of topics related to youth health behaviour.
25.2% of 15-year-old students reported current (past 30-day) use of any tobacco related product, mainly cigarettes (93.1% of users), followed by waterpipe (11.7%) and cigars, cigarillos and pipes (9.4%). Exclusive use of unconventional products is low (5.1% of users). 85.5% of users of any product used one product, 48.5% of users used products with flavours. The use of different products, one or more products, and flavoured products was related to gender.
A comprehensive tobacco control and prevention must address all tobacco and related products.
Izhodišča. Podatki iz do sedaj znanih študij, ki opisujejo povezavo med telesno aktivnostjo v prostem času, oblikami sedečega vedenja ter uživanjem psihoaktivnih snovi med mladostniki, so si ...nasprotujoči. Namen študije je bil preučiti povezanost med samoocenjeno telesno aktivnostjo in oblikami sedečega vedenja (uporaba računalnika, gledanje televizije) v prostem času ter uporabo alkohola, tobaka in marihuane med mladostniki v Sloveniji.
Aims:
Exposure to smoking scenes in films is seen as contributing to smoking initiation among young people. This has triggered calls to include depictions of smoking as a criterion in film ratings. ...All the same time, little is known about how adolescents interpret different smoking scenes. This study analyses how young people decode smoking scenes by contextualising identification with, and evaluation of, various characters who smoke, as well as the significance of film genres.
Design:
In order to explore how adolescents conceptualize smoking scenes in different film genres, we conducted eight focus-group interviews with adolescents aged 13–17 years (n = 54), using purposive sampling. The discussions were semi-structured with a standard guide, and we used clips from eight films containing various positive and negative moods and character types as stimuli for the discussions. To analyse interpretations qualitatively, thematic coding was applied.
Results:
The adolescents acknowledged that smoking is a narrative ingredient designed to illustrate and amplify character traits and situational moods. Characters who smoked were usually interpreted in terms of smoking stereotypes: stress relief, romantic seduction, social interaction between equals, habitual smoking, and as a symbol of “bad guys”. The adolescents identified more strongly with elegant, positive, and self-assured smoking characters than with negative, anxious, or ambiguous characters.
Conclusions:
Adolescents interpret smoking scenes in accordance with encoded meanings: they tend to get the messages inscribed by the filmmakers. As positive and glamorous representations are more likely to stimulate smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescents than negative representations, future research should distinguish more clearly between exposure to positive and to negative representations.
”Gud vare lof! För hvarje framlefvad dag, ty jag har aldrig lidit brist på mat, dricka och kläder!” Citatet är hämtatfrånÅrstafrun och daterat den 13 september 1793. Årstafrun hette egentligen Märta ...Helena Reenstierna och kom till Stockholm från Småland vid 19 års ålder år 1772. Kort därefter lärde hon känna den man som kom att bli hennes livs kärlek och make, ryttmästaren Christian Henrik von Schnell, som var dubbelt så gammal som hon. Cirka ett år efter första mötet stod bröllopet och hon flyttade in på Årsta Gård utanför Stockholm. Paret fick åtta barn, där endast ett överlevde till vuxen ålder, dock gick det sista kvarvarande barnet bort i en ålder av 32 år, ett år efter faderns bortgång. Årstafrun gick själv ur tiden 1841. Artikeln handlar om Märta Helena Reenstiernas arbete under perioden 1793−1839 på Årsta vad gäller trädgård, jordbruk och djurhållningen, texten bör ses som en fallstudie för Årsta.
Background. Studies of the relationship between leisure time physical activity, sedentary behaviour and substance use among adolescents report contradictory results. The aim of our study was to ...examine the association between self-reported leisure time physical activity, sedentary behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use among adolescents in Slovenia.
Methods. Subjects consisted of 822 school children aged from 14 to 16 years, living in urban area of Ljubljana and Maribor. The data was collected using the EURO URHIS 2 survey. Logistic regressions were conducted to assess the correlation between the independent variables of physical activity; time spent watching television and using the computer, and each of the five substance use dependent variables.
Results. Frequency of daily smoking was significantly associated with leisure time physical activity, while alcohol and cannabis use were not. Watching TV ≥ 2 hours per day was associated with heavy episodic drinking in the past month, no associations were found for smoking and cannabis use. Using the computer ≥ 2 hours per day was positively associated with daily smoking, drinking alcohol in the past month, heavy episodic drinking in the past month and ever being intoxicated, while cannabis use was not.
Conclusions. These findings suggest that leisure time physical activity is associated with daily cigarette smoking, and leisure time sedentary behaviour is associated with alcohol and tobacco use among adolescents. The results of our study show the need for the formation of suitable preventive measures concerning reduced sitting time as well as leisure time physical activity targeted to adolescents.
Izhodišča. Podatki iz do sedaj znanih študij, ki opisujejo povezavo med telesno aktivnostjo v prostem času, oblikami sedečega vedenja ter uživanjem psihoaktivnih snovi med mladostniki, so si nasprotujoči. Namen študije je bil preučiti povezanost med samoocenjeno telesno aktivnostjo in oblikami sedečega vedenja (uporaba računalnika, gledanje televizije) v prostem času ter uporabo alkohola, tobaka in marihuane med mladostniki v Sloveniji.
Metode. Podatki so bili zbrani v okviru presečne pregledne raziskave o zdravju mladostnikov EUROURHIS 2. Sodelovalo je 822 srednješolcev, ki živijo v urbanem okolju Ljubljane in Maribora, starih od 14 do 16 let. Z logistično regresijo smo ocenili korelacijo med neodvisnimi spremenljivkami telesne aktivnosti in časa, porabljenega za gledanje televizije in uporabo računalnika, ter vsako od petih odvisnih spremenljivk uživanja psihoaktivnih snovi.
Rezultati. Telesna aktivnost v prostem času je statistično pomembno povezana s pogostostjo dnevnega kajenja, medtem ko povezave z uživanjem alkohola in uporabo marihuane nismo dokazali. Gledanje televizije dve uri ali več na običajen šolski dan je statistično pomembno povezano z občasnim čezmernim pitjem v zadnjem mesecu, povezava s kajenjem tobaka in marihuane ni ugotovljena. Uporaba računalnika dve uri ali več na običajen šolski dan je statistično pomembno povezana z dnevnim kajenjem tobaka, uživanjem alkohola v zadnjem mesecu, občasnim čezmernim pitjem v zadnjem mesecu in opitostjo vsaj enkrat v življenju, povezave z uporabo marihuane nismo dokazali.
Zaključek. Med mladostniki je telesna aktivnost v prostem času povezana z dnevnim kajenjem tobaka, oblike sedečega vedenja pa z uživanjem alkohola in kajenjem tobaka. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na potrebo po pripravi ustreznega preventivnega programa, s katerim bi sočasno spodbujali telesno aktivnost in omejevali oblike sedečega vedenja.
Aims
Our aim was to assess the demographic and social factors associated with lifetime use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis among school students aged 15-16 in Albania in order to make information ...and knowledge available for health promotion specialists working on substance use prevention.
Design
This cross-sectional study was conducted in March-May 2011 in the framework of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). In total, 3189 students born in 1995 participated in the survey. The standardised ESPAD questionnaire was used to collect data about substance use.
Results
Our multivariable adjustment analysis showed that being a male and having easy access to cigarettes were the only universal factors significantly increasing the likelihood of ever using tobacco, alcohol or cannabis. Own smoking was strongly and significantly associated with alcohol and cannabis use. The associations of own substance use with peer substance consumption were weak to moderate.
Conclusions
Own smoking seems to be the most important single independent risk factor which strongly and significantly predicted alcohol and cannabis use among Albanian school students. Policy makers need to strengthen the rule of law whereas health promotion professionals should firmly address smoking in adolescence through target interventions.
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