A syntaxonomical analysis of the dry grasslands (Festuco-Brometea) in Bosnek karst region, Mt Vitosha (SW Bulgaria) has been carried out. These grasslands are part of the intrazonal vegetation ...distributed within the belts of xerophilous oak and mesophilous beech forest in the south-western foothills of the mountain. The bedrock is carbonate, the soils are dry and shallow, climate - moderate continental. This vegetation grows mostly on steep slopes, with southern and south-western exposition. Apart from the typical for Festuco-Brometea calcicoles, the studied vegetation is characterized by many endemic (regional and local) species and at the same time includes a lot of Mediterranean species. As a result of the analysis, a new association, Bromo moesiacae-Stipetum epilosae ass. nova, has been established that belongs to the alliance Saturejon montanae. A comparison with related syntaxa from other karst mountains from SW Bulgaria and E Serbia is made, and some conclusions about the origin of the steppe vegetation in that region are drawn.
Naredili smo sintaksonomsko analizo suhih travnikov (Festuco-Brometea) v kraškem območju Bosnek v gorovju Vitoša (jugozahodna Bolgarija). Ti travniki so del intraconalne vegetacije, razširjene v pasu kserofilnih hrastovih in mezofilnih bukovih gozdov na jugozahodnih vznožjih hribovja. Matična podlaga je karbonatna, tla so suha in plitva, podnebje je zmerno celinsko. Vegetacija uspeva na strmih naklonih z južno in jugozahodno ekspozicijo. Poleg značilnih vrst razreda Festuco-Brometea označujejo preučevano vegetacijo številne endemične (regionalne in lokalne) vrste in številne sredozemske vrste. Kot rezultat smo opisali novo asociacijo Bromo moesiacae-Stipetum epilosae ass. nova, ki jo uvršč amo v zvezo Saturejon montanae. Naredili smo tudi primerjavo s sorodnimi sintaksoni s kraških gorovij jugozahodne Bolgarije in vzhodne Srbije in podali nekaj zaključkov o izvoru stepske vegetacije v preučevanem območju.
The research aim was to assess the dynamics of the North Adriatic pastoral landscape (Ćićarija, Croatia) with regard to the coenological composition of grassland communities, and, more specifically, ...to: i) assess the current grassland mosaic from a coenological viewpoint; ii) assess the effects of management abandonment on grassland species composition, also taking into account, as a basis for comparison, data on pastoral communities collected in the past decades. To achieve the research aims, 73 phytosociological relevés were carried out; for each of them field data (altitude, aspect, slope, landform) and information on grassland management were collected. Multivariate analysis of phytosociological relevés led to the identification of four vegetation types (Danthonio-Scorzoneretum villosae, Carici humilis-Centaureetum rupestris, Brachypodium rupestre-dominated stands, and Anthoxantho-Brometum erecti), which were linked to landform and to grassland management. Comparison in terms of social behaviour type composition of the grassland communities surveyed in the present study with the ones surveyed in the past decades, highlighted that the current management (grassland abandonment, as well as low intensity grazing and not periodic mowing) is leading to a percentage loss of pasture and meadow characteristic species, in favour of successional and ruderal ones.
Namen raziskave je bil ovrednotiti dinamiko severnojadranske pašniške krajine (Čićarija, Hrvaška) predvsem cenološke sestavo travniških združb. Posebej smo želeli ugotoviti: i) trenuten travniški mozaik s cenološkega vidika, ii) spremembe opuščanja gospodarjenja na vrstno sestavo travnikov s primerjavo podatkov o pašnikih, pridobljenih v preteklih desetletjih. Naredili smo 73 fitocenoloških popisov in za vsakega od njih smo pridobili podatke o višini, legi, nagibu, krajinski obliki in informacijo o gospodarjenju. Z multivariatnimi analizami smo ugotovili štiri vegetacijske tipe (Danthonio-Scorzoneretum villosae, Carici humilis-Centaureetum rupestris, združbo z dominantno vrsto Brachypodium rupestre in Anthoxantho-Brometum erecti), ki smo jih povezali s krajinsko obliko in načinom gospodarjenja. Primerjava sestave zgradbe travniških združb glede na sinsociološko pripadnost vrst med današnjimi in starejšimi popisi je pokazala, da trenuten način gospodarjenja (opuščanje gospodarjenja, nizka intenziteta paše in le občasna košnja) vodi v izgubo značilnih vrst pašnikov in travnikov na račun vrst razvitejših sukcesijskih stadijev in vrst ruderalnih rastišč.
The vegetation of mesic grasslands distributed in the central part of Western Bulgaria is studied. A significant number of 533 relevés were made following the Braun-Blanquet approach. Classification ...and ordination of the vegetation was performed. The vegetation is classified up to alliance level. The result of the classification are four groups which correspond to the alliances Arrhenatherion elatioris, Cynosurion cristati and Trifolion medii. Within Cynosurion alliance two well distinct subgroups are observed, differing in moisture of the substrate - provisionally called "wet" and "dry" Cynosurion. Ellenberg Indicator Values are used for assessment of ecology of the habitats. The pasture/mowing management of the studied vegetation types is commented.
Proučevali smo vegetacijo mezofilnih travnikov razširjeno v srednjem delu zahodne Bolgarije. Naredili smo pomembno veliko število (553) popisov po Braun-Blanquetovem pristopu in jih analizirali s klasifikacijo in ordinacijo. Vegetacijo smo nato uvrstili do nivoja zveze. Rezultat klasifikacije so štiri skupine, ki odgovarjajo zvezam Arrhenatherion elatioris, Cynosurion cristati in Trifolion medii. Znotraj zveze Cynosurion smo izločili dve posebni skupini popisov, ki se ločita po vlažnosti tal in ju provizorno imenujemo "vlažni" in "suhi" Cynosurion. Za opis ekologije rastišč smo uporabili Ellenbergove Indikatorske Vrednosti. Komentirali smo tudi gospodarjenje obravnavanih vegetacijskih tipov s košnjo oziroma pašo.
A classification of the Nardus stricta dominated communities in the Balkan Range is presented. Two associations are identified: Nardetum strictae and Campanulo alpinae — Nardetum strictae nom. nov. ...The alliance Potentillo ternatae — Nardion strictae is typified and some comments on its distribution range and syntaxonomical affiliation to the higher units are presented. A synopsis is included of all available associations referred to Potentillo ternatae — Nardion strictae.
V članku je predstavljena klasifikacija združb z dominantno vrsto Nardus stricta na Balkanu. Prikazali smo dve asociaciji: Nardetum strictae and Campanulo alpinae - Nardetum strictae nom. nov. Zvezo Potentillo ternatae - Nardion strictae smo tipizirali in predstavili njeno razširjenost in sintaksonomsko uvrstitev v višje enote. Prikazan je sinopsis vseh opisanih asociacij, ki jih uvrščamo v zvezo Potentillo ternatae - Nardion strictae.
We endeavor to enlarge the knowledge about Bulgarian vegetation diversity. Data on seminatural grasslands containing 344 relevés, collected in Southeast Bulgaria were analyzed by the combine method, ...using TWIN-SPAN and the Cocktail method. The Erysimo diffusii-Trifolietum angustifolii association and the alliance Trifolion cherleri were established for the first time in Bulgaria. So far the presence of this association was known for Macedonia. The aims of our study are to present more data about the Erysimo-Trifolietum in Bulgaria and to make some comments about its affiliation to Helianthemetea guttati. The association is characterized ecologically and floristically. Analysis of the floristic elements shows that the most numerous are sub-Mediterranean species. Analysis of the life forms shows that these communities are hemicryptophyte-therophytic. A review of syntaxonomical systems and association assignment to higher syntaxa were made. According to current European vege-tation surveys the association should be related to class Helianthemetea guttati. Our results reveal an intermediate character of the studied vegetation - closed dry grasslands, with distinct presence of Festuco-Brometea species with a high percent of therophytes and Mediterranean floristic elements related to Helianthemetea guttati as well.
Članek je prispevek k poznavanju raznovrstnosti vegetacije Bolgarije. Podatke, ki obsegajo 344 popisov, nare-jenih v jugovzhodni Bolgariji, smo analizirali s kombinacijo metod TWINSPAN in Cocktail. Asociacija Erysimo diffusii-Trifolietum angustifolii in zveza Trifolion cherleri sta prvič omenjeni v vegetaciji Bolgarije. Do sedaj je bila prisotnost te asociacije poznana le v Makedoniji. Namen raziskave je predstaviti dodatne podatke o asociaciji Erysimo-Trifolietum v Bolgariji in podati nekaj komentarjev o njeni uvrstitvi v razred Helianthemetea guttati. Asociacija je označena ekološko in floristično. Analiza flornih elementov je pokazala, da so submediteranske vrste najštevilnejše. Analiza življenjskih oblik pa, da je to hemikriptofitsko-terofitska združba. Opravljen je pregled sinataksonomskega sistema in uvrstitev v višje sintaksone. Po trenutnem pregledu evropske vegetacije jo uvrščamo v razred Helianthemetea guttati. Naši rezultati pa razkrivajo vmesni značaj obravnavane vegetacije - sorodnost s suhimi travniki s prisotnostjo vrst Festuco-Brometea in visokim odstotkom terofitov in z razredom Helianthemetea guttati, ki ga označujejo mediteranski elementi.
The paper discusses the phytosociological and syntaxonomical position of the dry subalpine grasslands in the Slavianka (Alibutoush, Orvilos) Mts. (South-Western Bulgaria, Northern Greece). A new ...association Saxifrago ferdinandi-coburgi-Seslerietum actarovii ass. nova has been established as a result of the phytosociological study. It is considered as an endemic vegetation unit from the calcareous subalpine terrains in the Central Balkan Peninsula high mountains (Southwestern Bulgaria, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Northern Greece). The new syntaxon belongs to the alliance Edrajantho-Seslerion Horvat 1949. A comparison with related syntaxa from other calcareous mountains from Northern Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is discussed.
V članku avtorji obravnavajo fitosociološki in sintaksonomski položaj suhih subalpinskih travnikov v gorovju Slavjanka (Alibutoush, Orvilos) (jugozahodna Bolgarija, severna Grčija). Kot rezultat fitocenoloških raziskav so opisali novo asociacijo Saxifrago ferdinandi-coburgi-Seslerietum actarovii ass. nova. Obravnavajo jo kot endemično vegetacijsko enoto iz subalpinskega pasu visokih gora v srednjem delu Balkanskega polotoka (jugozahodna Bolgarija, Makedonija, severna Grčija). Novoopisani sintakson uvrščajo v zvezo Edrajantho-Seslerion Horvat 1949. Sintakson so primerjali s sorodnimi sintaksoni iz drugih apneniških gora iz severne Grčije in Makedonije.
Košnja travnika pod šmarsko Kalvarijo in košnja po hribu med kalvarijskimi kapelicami, je vedno pritegnila številne kosce, saj je šlo za precejšnjo površino. Na fotografiji so kosci pri drugi ...kalvarijski kapeli leta 1955. Med kosci je tudi takratni g. dekan Jakob Rihter, peti v zgornji vrsti. Na koncu vrste je Stanko Čakš.Košnja po kalvarijskem hribu je tudi v današnjih časih dobro organizirana. Župnik vsako leto povabi kosce, da ta hrib dvakrat v letu pokosijo. Vabilu se odzove od 40 do 50 koscev in grabljic, ki v zgodnjih jutranjih urah v mesecih juniju in avgustu pokosijo in očistijo travnate površine med kapelami.Pripravil Jože Čakš.
Hadi tudósítás.
In: Hadi és Más Nevezetes Történetek. - , 2 (1790:04.02) p. 436-437.
Hadi tudósítás.
In: Hadi és Más Nevezetes Történetek. - , 2 (1790:04.02) p. 436-437.
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